One-month regular oral nutrition in alcoholic cirrhotic patients. Changes of nutritional status, hepatic function and serum lipid pattern

The effect of a regular oral diet supplying 167 kJ/kg per d (40 kcal/kg per d) on nutritional state, liver function and serum lipid profile was assessed in thirty severely malnourished alcoholic cirrhotic in-patients. Their diet was monitored by a trained dietitian and they were vigorously encouraged to eat all meals served. One month after their entry into the study, protein and energy intakes were significantly higher (P0·001) in keeping with an improvement of their nutritional status as evaluated by means of height-creatinine index, muscular mid-arm circumference, tricipital skinfold thickness (P0·01 for all) and fat mass (P0·001). Assessment of liver function tests showed that levels of aspartate amino-transferase (EC2.6.1.1), y-glutamyl transferase (EC2.3.2.2) and bilirubin decreased (P <0·05,P> 0·02 andP> 0·05 respectively) while prothrombin time values increased (P< 0·05). Similarly, serum albumin increased modestly while transthyretin did not change. Orosomucoid and C-reactive protein decreased (P< 0·001 andP< 0·01 respectively), indicating an improvement of the inflammatory state. Apolipoprotein Al and high-density-lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol correlated with several tests of liver function and improved significantly during the study period (P< 0·001 andP< 0·02 respectively). Moreover, changes in cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol correlated with those in transthyretin (P< 0·02 andP< 0·05 respectively). The changes in ApoAl and HDL-cholesterol were greater in patients whose fat mass increased significantly. Our findings show that adequate oral nutrition resulted in a better nutritional status in cirrhotics after 1 month of hospitalization. The serum lipid variables appeared to be more useful indicators of functional liver improvement than the classic liver function tests which rather indicate liver damage.

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Liver function tests and fibrosis scores in a rural population in Africa: a cross-sectional study to estimate the burden of disease and associated risk factors

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032890 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. e032890 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Geraldine O'Hara ◽

Jolynne Mokaya ◽

Jeffrey P Hau ◽

Louise O Downs ◽

Anna L McNaughton ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liver Disease ◽

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Liver Function ◽

Reference Range ◽

Liver Function Tests ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Reference Ranges ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Function Tests ◽

Glutamyl Transferase

ObjectivesLiver disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa, but its prevalence, distribution and aetiology have not been well characterised. We therefore set out to examine liver function tests (LFTs) and liver fibrosis scores in a rural African population.DesignWe undertook a cross-sectional survey of LFTs. We classified abnormal LFTs based on reference ranges set in America and in Africa. We derived fibrosis scores (aspartate aminotransferase (AST) to Platelet Ratio Index (APRI), fibrosis-4, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) to platelet ratio (GPR), red cell distribution width to platelet ratio and S-index). We collected information about alcohol intake, and infection with HIV, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV).SettingWe studied a population cohort in South-Western Uganda.ParticipantsData were available for 8099 adults (median age 30 years; 56% female).ResultsThe prevalence of HBV, HCV and HIV infection was 3%, 0.2% and 8%, respectively. The prevalence of abnormal LFTs was higher based on the American reference range compared with the African reference range (eg, for AST 13% vs 3%, respectively). Elevated AST/ALT ratio was significantly associated with self-reported alcohol consumption (p<0.001), and the overall prevalence of AST/ALT ratio >2 was 11% (suggesting alcoholic hepatitis). The highest prevalence of fibrosis was predicted by the GPR score, with 24% of the population falling above the threshold for fibrosis. There was an association between the presence of HIV or HBV and raised GPR (p=0.005) and S-index (p<0.001). By multivariate analysis, elevated LFTs and fibrosis scores were most consistently associated with older age, male sex, being under-weight, HIV or HBV infection and alcohol consumption.ConclusionsFurther work is required to determine normal reference ranges for LFTs in this setting, to evaluate the specificity and sensitivity of fibrosis scores and to determine the aetiology of liver disease.

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Economic insecurity during the Great Recession and metabolic, inflammatory and liver function biomarkers: analysis of the UK Household Longitudinal Study

Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health ◽

10.1136/jech-2017-209105 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 71 (10) ◽

pp. 1005-1013 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Claire L Niedzwiedz ◽

Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi ◽

Aaron Reeves ◽

Martin McKee ◽

David Stuckler

Keyword(s):

Liver Function ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Glycated Haemoglobin ◽

Financial Strain ◽

Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽

Economic Insecurity ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

The Uk ◽

Glutamyl Transferase

BackgroundEconomic insecurity correlates with adverse health outcomes, but the biological pathways involved are not well understood. We examine how changes in economic insecurity relate to metabolic, inflammatory and liver function biomarkers.MethodsBlood analyte data were taken from 6520 individuals (aged 25–59 years) participating in Understanding Society. Economic insecurity was measured using an indicator of subjective financial strain and by asking participants whether they had missed any bill, council tax, rent or mortgage payments in the past year. We investigated longitudinal changes in economic insecurity (remained secure, increase in economic insecurity, decrease in economic insecurity, remained insecure) and the accumulation of economic insecurity. Linear regression models were calculated for nine (logged) biomarker outcomes related to metabolic, inflammatory, liver and kidney function (as falsification tests), adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsCompared with those who remained economically stable, people who experienced consistent economic insecurity (using both measures) had worsened levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, triglycerides, C reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen and glycated haemoglobin. Increased economic insecurity was associated with adverse levels of HDL-cholesterol (0.955, 95% CI 0.929 to 0.982), triglycerides (1.077, 95% CI 1.018 to 1.139) and CRP (1.114, 95% CI 1.012 to 1.227), using the measure of financial strain. Results for the other measure were generally consistent, apart from the higher levels of gamma-glutamyl transferase observed among those experiencing persistent insecurity (1.200, 95% CI 1.110 to 1.297).ConclusionEconomic insecurity is associated with adverse metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers (particularly HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides and CRP), heightening risk for a range of health conditions.

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A High Percentage of Patients Recovered From COVID-19 but Discharged With Abnormal Liver Function Tests

Frontiers in Physiology ◽

10.3389/fphys.2021.642922 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Qinyi Gan ◽

Beilei Gong ◽

Manli Sun ◽

Zhujun Cao ◽

Yuyan Zheng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liver Function ◽

Oxygenation Index ◽

Liver Function Tests ◽

Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽

Function Tests ◽

Liver Functions ◽

Global Health Issue ◽

Treatment Data ◽

Independent Risk Factors ◽

Glutamyl Transferase

BackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has become the most severe global health issue. Abnormal liver functions are frequently reported in these patients. However, liver function abnormality was often overlooked during COVID-19 treatment, and data regarding liver functions after cure of COVID-19 is limited. This study aimed to reveal the changes of liver function tests (LFTs) during hospitalization, and its clinical significance in patients with COVID-19.MethodsIn this retrospective, bi-center study, a total of 158 hospitalized patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in China were included from January 22nd, 2020 to February 20th, 2020. Clinical features, laboratory parameters including LFTs, and treatment data were collected and analyzed. LFTs included alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, and total bilirubin. Patients were considered with abnormal LFTs when any value of these tests was higher than upper limit of normal.ResultsOf 158 patients with COVID-19, 67 (42.41%) patients had abnormal LFTs on admission and another 50 (31.65%) patients developed abnormal LFTs during hospitalization. The incidence of LFTs abnormality in severe COVID-19 cases was significantly higher than non-severe cases. All LFTs in COVID-19 patients were correlated with oxygenation index. There was no statistical difference in treatment between the patients with or without liver test abnormalities. By the time of discharge, there were still 64 (40.50%) patients with abnormal LFTs. Logistic regression analysis identified younger age, hypertension and low lymphocyte counts as independent risk factors for persistent abnormal LFTs during hospitalization.ConclusionLiver function tests abnormality was common in COVID-19 patients and was more prevalent in severe cases than in non-severe cases. A substantial percentage of patients still had abnormal LFTs by the time of discharge.

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Non-HDL-cholesterol to HDL-cholesterol ratio is an independent risk factor for liver function tests abnormalities in geriatric population

Lipids in Health and Disease ◽

10.1186/s12944-018-0940-0 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Tianhui An ◽

Yi Song ◽

Yi Yang ◽

Mengyuan Guo ◽

Hui Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Liver Function ◽

Independent Risk Factor ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Liver Function Tests ◽

Geriatric Population ◽

Cholesterol Ratio ◽

Function Tests

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Non-invasive cryolipolysis™ for subcutaneous fat reduction does not affect serum lipid levels or liver function tests

Lasers in Surgery and Medicine ◽

10.1002/lsm.20850 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 41 (10) ◽

pp. 785-790 ◽

Cited By ~ 69

Author(s):

Kenneth B. Klein ◽

Brian Zelickson ◽

Jeffrey G. Riopelle ◽

Eric Okamoto ◽

Eric P. Bachelor ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liver Function ◽

Serum Lipid ◽

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

Liver Function Tests ◽

Lipid Levels ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Serum Lipid Levels ◽

Function Tests ◽

Fat Reduction

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Clinical and Laboratory Findings of Lead Hepatotoxicity in the Workers of a Car Battery Manufacturing Factory

Iranian Jornal of Toxicology ◽

10.32598/ijt.10.2.327.1 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Bita Dadpour ◽

◽

Reza Afshari ◽

Seyed Reza Mousavi ◽

Sina Kianoush ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liver Function ◽

Liver Toxicity ◽

Lead Concentration ◽

Serum Alkaline Phosphatase ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Liver Function Tests ◽

Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽

Function Tests ◽

Glutamyl Transferase

Background: Occupational lead poisoning is common in workers of some industries, but lead hepatotoxicity has rarely been reported. Several animal studies have revealed lead induced liver damage but clinical studies concerning the manifestations of lead induced liver toxicity in humans are scares. This study was designed to investigate the clinical manifestations and pathological parameters of hepatic dysfunction and its relationship with blood and urine lead concentrations in a car battery-manufacturing workers. Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out in Mashhad, Iran, during April-June 2011. One hundred and twelve workers underwent blood and urine sampling for determination of lead concentrations and liver function tests. Clinical signs and symptoms of possible lead hepatotoxicity were investigated. Results: Mean (±SD) age of the workers was 28.78 (±5.17) yr with a daytime work of 8.67 (±1.41) h and mean work duration of 3.89 (±2.40) yr. Mean blood lead concentration (BLC) and urine lead concentration (ULC) were 398.95 (±177.41) µg/l and 83.67(±50) μg/l, respectively. We found no correlation between the clinical findings and BLC or ULC. A weak correlation (R: 0.27, P=0.087) between serum alkaline phosphatase concentration and BLC was obtained. No significant relationship was found between other liver function tests and BLC or ULC. Conclusion: We found no specific clinical and laboratory abnormalities of liver in the workers of car battery manufacturer who had chronic lead toxicity. Further investigations with more specific laboratory tests such as LDH5 and gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) as well as novel biomarkers of metal induced hepatotoxicity might be helpful in evaluating lead hepatotoxicity.

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Alcohol, liver function tests, and high density lipoprotein cholesterol in university students.

The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine ◽

10.1620/tjem.132.241 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 132 (2) ◽

pp. 241-242 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

SHOZO NAKAMURA

Keyword(s):

Liver Function ◽

University Students ◽

High Density Lipoprotein ◽

High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Liver Function Tests ◽

High Density ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Function Tests

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Hypoglycemic effect of herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)

Pesticidi i fitomedicina ◽

10.2298/pif1004349m ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. 349-352 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ivan Mikov ◽

Velibor Vasovic ◽

Aleksandra Mikov ◽

Svetlana Golocorbin-Kon ◽

Karmen Stankov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liver Function ◽

Blood Level ◽

Biochemical Analysis ◽

Liver Function Tests ◽

Hypoglycemic Effect ◽

Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽

Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽

Function Tests ◽

2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽

Glutamyl Transferase

Herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), a synthetic auxin which promotes uncontrolled plant growth is widely used. The aim of our study was to investigate, using an experimental model, the effect of herbicide 2,4-D on liver function tests, enzyme a amylase and glucose blood level. BALB/C mice were treated i.p. with the herbicide (30 mg/ kg 2,4-D) for four consecutive days. Twenty-four hours after the last injection, the treated and the control animals were weighed and sacrificed for biochemical analysis: haematocrit, glucose blood level, serum activities of enzymes alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma glutamyl transferase, and a amylase, as well as liver reduced glutathione. Herbicide 2,4-D significantly decreased glucose blood level in mice. There were no changes in liver function tests or activity of enzyme a amylase. In this study on mice we confirmed the results obtained in the previous study, which showed a hypoglycemic effect of herbicide 2,4-D on agricultural workers. To elucidate the mechanism of this effect, a further research is needed.

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