scholarly journals Clinical and Laboratory Findings of Lead Hepatotoxicity in the Workers of a Car Battery Manufacturing Factory

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Bita Dadpour ◽  
◽  
Reza Afshari ◽  
Seyed Reza Mousavi ◽  
Sina Kianoush ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Function ◽  
Liver Toxicity ◽  
Lead Concentration ◽  
Serum Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Liver Function Tests ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Function Tests ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

Background: Occupational lead poisoning is common in workers of some industries, but lead hepatotoxicity has rarely been reported. Several animal studies have revealed lead induced liver damage but clinical studies concerning the manifestations of lead induced liver toxicity in humans are scares. This study was designed to investigate the clinical manifestations and pathological parameters of hepatic dysfunction and its relationship with blood and urine lead concentrations in a car battery-manufacturing workers. Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out in Mashhad, Iran, during April-June 2011. One hundred and twelve workers underwent blood and urine sampling for determination of lead concentrations and liver function tests. Clinical signs and symptoms of possible lead hepatotoxicity were investigated. Results: Mean (±SD) age of the workers was 28.78 (±5.17) yr with a daytime work of 8.67 (±1.41) h and mean work duration of 3.89 (±2.40) yr. Mean blood lead concentration (BLC) and urine lead concentration (ULC) were 398.95 (±177.41) µg/l and 83.67(±50) μg/l, respectively. We found no correlation between the clinical findings and BLC or ULC. A weak correlation (R: 0.27, P=0.087) between serum alkaline phosphatase concentration and BLC was obtained. No significant relationship was found between other liver function tests and BLC or ULC. Conclusion: We found no specific clinical and laboratory abnormalities of liver in the workers of car battery manufacturer who had chronic lead toxicity. Further investigations with more specific laboratory tests such as LDH5 and gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) as well as novel biomarkers of metal induced hepatotoxicity might be helpful in evaluating lead hepatotoxicity.

scholarly journals A High Percentage of Patients Recovered From COVID-19 but Discharged With Abnormal Liver Function Tests

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qinyi Gan ◽  
Beilei Gong ◽  
Manli Sun ◽  
Zhujun Cao ◽  
Yuyan Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Function ◽  
Oxygenation Index ◽  
Liver Function Tests ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Function Tests ◽  
Liver Functions ◽  
Global Health Issue ◽  
Treatment Data ◽  
Independent Risk Factors ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

BackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has become the most severe global health issue. Abnormal liver functions are frequently reported in these patients. However, liver function abnormality was often overlooked during COVID-19 treatment, and data regarding liver functions after cure of COVID-19 is limited. This study aimed to reveal the changes of liver function tests (LFTs) during hospitalization, and its clinical significance in patients with COVID-19.MethodsIn this retrospective, bi-center study, a total of 158 hospitalized patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in China were included from January 22nd, 2020 to February 20th, 2020. Clinical features, laboratory parameters including LFTs, and treatment data were collected and analyzed. LFTs included alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, and total bilirubin. Patients were considered with abnormal LFTs when any value of these tests was higher than upper limit of normal.ResultsOf 158 patients with COVID-19, 67 (42.41%) patients had abnormal LFTs on admission and another 50 (31.65%) patients developed abnormal LFTs during hospitalization. The incidence of LFTs abnormality in severe COVID-19 cases was significantly higher than non-severe cases. All LFTs in COVID-19 patients were correlated with oxygenation index. There was no statistical difference in treatment between the patients with or without liver test abnormalities. By the time of discharge, there were still 64 (40.50%) patients with abnormal LFTs. Logistic regression analysis identified younger age, hypertension and low lymphocyte counts as independent risk factors for persistent abnormal LFTs during hospitalization.ConclusionLiver function tests abnormality was common in COVID-19 patients and was more prevalent in severe cases than in non-severe cases. A substantial percentage of patients still had abnormal LFTs by the time of discharge.

scholarly journals Hypoglycemic effect of herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 349-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Mikov ◽  
Velibor Vasovic ◽  
Aleksandra Mikov ◽  
Svetlana Golocorbin-Kon ◽  
Karmen Stankov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Function ◽  
Blood Level ◽  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Liver Function Tests ◽  
Hypoglycemic Effect ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Function Tests ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

Herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), a synthetic auxin which promotes uncontrolled plant growth is widely used. The aim of our study was to investigate, using an experimental model, the effect of herbicide 2,4-D on liver function tests, enzyme a amylase and glucose blood level. BALB/C mice were treated i.p. with the herbicide (30 mg/ kg 2,4-D) for four consecutive days. Twenty-four hours after the last injection, the treated and the control animals were weighed and sacrificed for biochemical analysis: haematocrit, glucose blood level, serum activities of enzymes alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma glutamyl transferase, and a amylase, as well as liver reduced glutathione. Herbicide 2,4-D significantly decreased glucose blood level in mice. There were no changes in liver function tests or activity of enzyme a amylase. In this study on mice we confirmed the results obtained in the previous study, which showed a hypoglycemic effect of herbicide 2,4-D on agricultural workers. To elucidate the mechanism of this effect, a further research is needed.

scholarly journals Liver function tests and fibrosis scores in a rural population in Africa: a cross-sectional study to estimate the burden of disease and associated risk factors

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. e032890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geraldine O'Hara ◽  
Jolynne Mokaya ◽  
Jeffrey P Hau ◽  
Louise O Downs ◽  
Anna L McNaughton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Reference Range ◽  
Liver Function Tests ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Function Tests ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

ObjectivesLiver disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa, but its prevalence, distribution and aetiology have not been well characterised. We therefore set out to examine liver function tests (LFTs) and liver fibrosis scores in a rural African population.DesignWe undertook a cross-sectional survey of LFTs. We classified abnormal LFTs based on reference ranges set in America and in Africa. We derived fibrosis scores (aspartate aminotransferase (AST) to Platelet Ratio Index (APRI), fibrosis-4, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) to platelet ratio (GPR), red cell distribution width to platelet ratio and S-index). We collected information about alcohol intake, and infection with HIV, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV).SettingWe studied a population cohort in South-Western Uganda.ParticipantsData were available for 8099 adults (median age 30 years; 56% female).ResultsThe prevalence of HBV, HCV and HIV infection was 3%, 0.2% and 8%, respectively. The prevalence of abnormal LFTs was higher based on the American reference range compared with the African reference range (eg, for AST 13% vs 3%, respectively). Elevated AST/ALT ratio was significantly associated with self-reported alcohol consumption (p<0.001), and the overall prevalence of AST/ALT ratio >2 was 11% (suggesting alcoholic hepatitis). The highest prevalence of fibrosis was predicted by the GPR score, with 24% of the population falling above the threshold for fibrosis. There was an association between the presence of HIV or HBV and raised GPR (p=0.005) and S-index (p<0.001). By multivariate analysis, elevated LFTs and fibrosis scores were most consistently associated with older age, male sex, being under-weight, HIV or HBV infection and alcohol consumption.ConclusionsFurther work is required to determine normal reference ranges for LFTs in this setting, to evaluate the specificity and sensitivity of fibrosis scores and to determine the aetiology of liver disease.

scholarly journals Imatinib and liver toxicity

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. e226740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Inamul Haq ◽  
Joanna Nixon ◽  
Adrian J Stanley
Keyword(s):  
Liver Function ◽  
Kinase Inhibitor ◽  
Liver Toxicity ◽  
Philadelphia Chromosome ◽  
Liver Function Tests ◽  
Dramatic Improvement ◽  
Function Tests ◽  
History Of ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
Repeat Imaging

Imatinib is a specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor which has been approved for the treatment of Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myeloid leukaemia and c-KIT (CD117)-positive gastrointestinal stromal tumours. It has been associated with hepatotoxicity ranging from abnormal liver function tests to acute liver failure along with chronic hepatitis B reactivation. We report the case of a patient who was started on adjuvant treatment with imatinib following resection of a primary gastrointestinal stromal cell tumour of jejunum and developed severe hepatotoxicity. There was no history of risk factors for liver disease, and a search for the underlying causes of hepatotoxicity was unremarkable. Imatinib was stopped and she was treated with steroids which resulted in dramatic improvement of liver function tests. Liver biopsy in this case was not performed because liver function tests improved following discontinuation of imatinib and treatment with steroids. Repeat imaging did not reveal any evidence of tumour recurrence.

scholarly journals One-month regular oral nutrition in alcoholic cirrhotic patients. Changes of nutritional status, hepatic function and serum lipid pattern

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 937-946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phoung Nhi Broies ◽  
Bernard Campillo
Keyword(s):  
Liver Function ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Serum Lipid ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Liver Function Tests ◽  
Oral Nutrition ◽  
Function Tests ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

The effect of a regular oral diet supplying 167 kJ/kg per d (40 kcal/kg per d) on nutritional state, liver function and serum lipid profile was assessed in thirty severely malnourished alcoholic cirrhotic in-patients. Their diet was monitored by a trained dietitian and they were vigorously encouraged to eat all meals served. One month after their entry into the study, protein and energy intakes were significantly higher (P0·001) in keeping with an improvement of their nutritional status as evaluated by means of height-creatinine index, muscular mid-arm circumference, tricipital skinfold thickness (P0·01 for all) and fat mass (P0·001). Assessment of liver function tests showed that levels of aspartate amino-transferase (EC2.6.1.1), y-glutamyl transferase (EC2.3.2.2) and bilirubin decreased (P <0·05,P> 0·02 andP> 0·05 respectively) while prothrombin time values increased (P< 0·05). Similarly, serum albumin increased modestly while transthyretin did not change. Orosomucoid and C-reactive protein decreased (P< 0·001 andP< 0·01 respectively), indicating an improvement of the inflammatory state. Apolipoprotein Al and high-density-lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol correlated with several tests of liver function and improved significantly during the study period (P< 0·001 andP< 0·02 respectively). Moreover, changes in cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol correlated with those in transthyretin (P< 0·02 andP< 0·05 respectively). The changes in ApoAl and HDL-cholesterol were greater in patients whose fat mass increased significantly. Our findings show that adequate oral nutrition resulted in a better nutritional status in cirrhotics after 1 month of hospitalization. The serum lipid variables appeared to be more useful indicators of functional liver improvement than the classic liver function tests which rather indicate liver damage.

scholarly journals A cross sectional study of liver function tests in normal pregnancy during third trimester: a treasure from the past

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 1105
Author(s):  
Nirpaul Singh ◽  
Shagufta Yousuf ◽  
Showkat H. Tali
Keyword(s):  
Liver Function ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Serum Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Liver Function Tests ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Function Tests

Background: During pregnancy, a lot of changes do occur and affect every organ system in the body. Objective of the study was to find out expected variations, if any, in liver function tests (LFT) in normal pregnancy during the third trimester.Methods: A total of 75 women aged between 20 to 35 years were enrolled in the study of which 25 were non-pregnant women (control group) and 50 were pregnant women in their third trimester (study group).Results: In the study group, there were no changes in SGPT, serum albumen and serum globulin values in any of the subjects. However out of 50 subjects, a rise in serum alkaline phosphatase could be demonstrated in as many as 44 (88%) subjects. In 10 (20%) subject Serum Bilirubin was high and in 6 (12%) subjects each a rise in SGOT and fall in Serum Proteins could be demonstrated.Conclusions: Except for a significant change in serum phosphatase levels, there is no significant variation in any of the liver function tests in third trimester of pregnancy.

scholarly journals Liver function tests as a prognostic indicator in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU)

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 1031
Author(s):  
Akshatha Mallikarjuna ◽  
Ashwani K. S Sood
Keyword(s):  
Liver Function ◽  
Ventilatory Support ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Pediatric Intensive Care ◽  
Liver Function Tests ◽  
Prognostic Indicator ◽  
International Normalized Ratio ◽  
Systematic Investigation ◽  
Biochemical Alterations ◽  
Function Tests

Background: Frank liver failure is incompatible with life. Severity of liver disease is reflected in clinical signs or biochemical alterations. Hepatic dysfunction indicates poor outcome in critically ill patients, but no large systematic investigation into its exact incidence and prognostic relevance has been performed in different population groups.Methods: All PICU admissions during the study period were included. Pattern of admission LFT (Liver Function Tests) was reported. Relationship between clinical events and patient outcome with the LFT panel on day 1 and day 3 were reported. Association between final outcome and day 7 LFT was explored.Results: Deranged AST (Aspartate Transaminase), ALT (Alanine Transaminase), Bilirubin, Albumin, PT (Prothrombin time) and INR (International Normalized Ratio) on Day1 and 3 had significant association with increased requirement of inotropic and ventilatory support as well with increased mortality. LFT parameters on day 7 showed significant correlation between normal AST, ALT, bilirubin, PT and INR with improved survival.Conclusions: LFT's should be essential part of biochemical profile and doctors caring for sick patients in peripheral hospitals should consider for early referral of patients to higher centers based on LFT parameters for the advanced care they deserve.

scholarly journals Primary Gallbladder Adenocarcinoma in a Cat

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taiani Torquato Diogenes ◽  
Mariana Araújo Rocha ◽  
Keytyanne Oliveira Sampaio ◽  
Roberio Gomes Olinda ◽  
Diana Celia Sousa Nunes Pinheiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biliary Obstruction ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Thoracic Radiography ◽  
Veterinary Clinic ◽  
Extrahepatic Biliary Obstruction ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
Gallbladder Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

Background: Biliary tumors have low incidence in cats and are more common in elderly animals. Hepatobiliary tumors have different classifications and their etiology is difficult to interpret. In most cases, the diagnosis is only possible in advanced stages, which clouds the precursor factors. The late diagnosis is explained by the absence or specificity of clinical manifestations and laboratory changes. The majority of hepatobiliary neoplasms in cats are incidental findings in surgeries or necropsies. This study aimed to report clinical, laboratory, pathological and immunohistochemical results in a feline case of gall bladder adenocarcinoma.Case: A cat, male, neutered, mixed breed, 4 years, was admitted at a veterinary clinic with a history of polyuria / polydipsia, anorexia, apathy, jaundice and emesis for 60 days. The animal had been treated in another clinic with silymarin, famotidine and cyanocobalamin, and fed by esophageal tube based on the presumptive clinical diagnosis of cholangitis. The clinical examination revealed jaundice, abdominal pain, weight loss, enlargement of the liver and gallbladder and the presence of a structure in the epigastric region. Based on clinical signs, blood tests (complete blood count and liver enzymes), abdominal ultrasound and thoracic radiography were requested. In the exam results, eosinophilia, bilirubinemia and increased alkaline phosphatase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase and gamma glutamyl transferase were observed, in addition to the presence of icteric and hemolyzed serum. Ultrasound exam revealed thickened and dilated cystic and common ducts, large and thick gallbladder, bile with bile mud, hypoechogenic liver, thickening in the duodenal papilla and enlarged pancreatic and duodenal lymph nodes. There were no alterations in thoracic radiography. Based on the findings, the diagnosis of extrahepatic biliary obstruction was suggested. In celiotomy, dilated gallbladder with a thick blackened wall was observed. Bile puncture was performed for analysis, and total cholecystectomy and removal of obstructive content was performed. The patient suffered cardiorespiratory arrest after the procedure. A fragment of gallbladder and liver were sent to evaluation with histopathology and immunohistochemistry, and results were compatible with gallbladder adenocarcinoma.Discussion: Hepatobiliary neoplasms in cats are uncommon, apart from lymphoma. The incidence is higher in elderly cats and in males, which did not match the animal in this case. The clinical presentation of the condition is quite nonspecific, corroborating with other reports, in which changes are often only evident in advanced stages of the disease. Laboratory and imaging findings pointed to a biliary tree disorder, and cholangitis was suggested. However, the lack of clinical improvement and examination findings of exams lead to an exploratory laparotomy for better inspection of the organs and identification of possible causes. One of the differential diagnoses that should be considered in cats with extrahepatic biliary obstruction is gallbladder adenocarcinoma, especially in animals with an unsatisfactory response in clinical treatment. Tests such as histopathology and immunohistochemistry are essential for the definitive diagnosis of this neoplasm. Surgical resection is indicated in cases of malignant masses, providing longevity and better quality of life. Hypotension is a common complication in hepatobiliary surgeries, which can result in death.

scholarly journals Comparison of Sensitivity of TLC and Liver Assay in Diagnosing Appendicitis and Complicated Appendicitis at a Rural Medical Institution

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (46) ◽  
pp. 2710-2713
Author(s):  
Sandeep Kumar Goyal ◽  
Vilkram Saini ◽  
Minaxi Saini ◽  
Gopal Singhal ◽  
Kanishak Mehta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Function ◽  
Acute Appendicitis ◽  
Serum Bilirubin ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Liver Function Tests ◽  
Complicated Appendicitis ◽  
Total Serum Bilirubin ◽  
Total Leukocyte Count ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Function Tests

BACKGROUND Diagnosis of acute appendicitis is always a challenging task in emergency ward which can most of the time be diagnosed with thorough history and physical examination by surgeon, various clinical signs and laboratory investigations like total leukocyte count (TLC), neutrophils shift to left. Unnecessary surgical interventions of appendix can be reduced by precise diagnosis of levels of TLC and total serum bilirubin values. We wanted to evaluate the sensitivity of laboratory marker like TLC and liver function tests in diagnosing a case of appendicitis and complicated appendicitis. METHODS 100 patients who were admitted in the Department of General Surgery, Maharaja Agrasen Medical Collage, Agroha (Hisar), with clinical diagnosis of acute appendicitis were included in the study. Data was statistically analysed and sensitivity of TLC and liver function test in diagnosing acute appendicitis was compared. RESULTS Sensitivity of TLC was found to be 47 %; that of total serum bilirubin was 72 % which is significant; that of SGOT was 26 %; that of SGPT was 21 % and that of ALP was 8 % in diagnosing acute appendicitis. While comparing sensitivity of this marker to diagnose complicated appendicitis (gangrenous and perforated appendix) it was 56.3 % for TLC, 100 % for total serum bilirubin, 31.3 % for SGOT, 37.5 % for SGPT and 12.5 % for ALP. CONCLUSIONS Raised total serum bilirubin has potential to detect complications of appendicitis and the need for early intervention by surgeon. KEYWORDS Appendicitis; Liver Function Tests; Serum Bilirubin

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