scholarly journals Degradation of polyphenols (catechin and tannic acid) in the rat intestinal tract. Effect on coloic fermentation and faecal output

1994 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 933-946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Bravo ◽  
Rocio Abia ◽  
Martin A. Eastwood ◽  
Fulgencio Saura-Calixtol
Keyword(s):  
Tannic Acid ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Colonic Microflora ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Faecal Weight ◽  
Fat Excretion

Low- and intermediate-molecular-weight polyphenols are usually extracted by using different solvents (e.g. water, methanol, aqueous acetone). The aim of the present work was to study the possible effects of some extractable polyphenols (EPP) on fat and protein digestibilities and on the colonic microflora. Degradability of these compounds through the intestinal tract was also studied. Catechin and tannic acid (TA) were chosen as representatives of the most common basic structures of EPP (flavonoids and gallic acid respectively). Three groups of eight male Wistar rats were given either a control diet free of EPP, or diets containing 20 g/kg dry matter of catechin and TA. Body-weight and food intake were monitored during a 3-week experimental period. Faeces and urine were collected daily during the third experimental week. EPP and fat were determined in faeces, and N in both urine and faeces. Only 3.1 and 4.6% of the ingested catechin and TA respectively were excreted in faeces, indicating that absorption and/or degradation of these EPP had occurred. HPLC analysis of the poly phenolic content of faeces showed qualitative differences between groups. A significant increase of total faecal weight as well as water, fat and N excretion was produced by TA. Catechin only caused an increase in fat excretion.In vitrofermentation assays were also performed to study the effect of EPP on the colonic microflora. Both catechin and TA affected the yield of end-products of fermentation, and were also degraded during the fermentation process.

scholarly journals Effects of dietary fibre and tannins from apple pulp on the composition of faeces in rats

1992 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 463-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Bravo ◽  
F. Saura-Calixto ◽  
I. Goni
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Soluble Dietary Fibre ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Cross Links ◽  
Faecal Weight

The present study was undertaken to explore the effect of apple pulp on weight and composition of faeces. This material is rich in dietary fibre (DF;620 g dry matter/kg) and contains appreciable amounts of polyphenols. Recent reports indicate that both condensed tannins (CT) and soluble polyphenols form cross-links with protein and inhibit digestive enzymes, affecting the protein digestibility, and may produce a stimulation of endogenous nitrogen excretion. Two groups of male Wistar rats were fed on either a control diet free of DF or a diet containing 100 g apple pulp DF/kg during 7 d after a 4 d adaptation period. Body-weight and food intake were monitored daily and faeces and urine were collected once daily. DF, water content and polyphenolic compounds were measured in faeces, and N content in both faeces and urine. Faecal weight increased in the fibre group by 280 and 240% when compared with wet and dry faecal weights of animals fed on the fibre-free diet. Soluble dietary fibre (SDF) excreted in faeces was 10.9% of the SDF ingested, which suggested a low resistance to fermentation of this fraction. Of the insoluble DF, 43% of the ingested fibre was fermented. Polyphenols were degraded in the intestinal tract. Of the ingested CT, 68.6% was recovered in faeces, while the soluble polyphenols were extensively degraded (85.7% of that ingested). On the other hand, a higher faecal N excretion was observed for the fibre-fed group, suggesting a decrease in the digestibility of the dietary protein and lower apparent digestibility and N balance indices.

Performance and nutrient utilization of growing pigs given an expanded and pelleted diet

1998 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 225-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Vande Ginste ◽  
R. De Schrijver
Keyword(s):  
Control Diet ◽  
Protein Solubility ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Pelleted Diet

AbstractA grower diet containing barley, wheat and soya-bean meal was expanded at 110°C and subsequently pelleted at 80°C. This processing was evaluated in laboratory tests as well as in digestibility experiments involving 12 barrows with an average initial live weight of 40 kg. The unprocessed control diet was offered as a meal. Each diet was offered ad libitum to six pigs during a 5-week period. The 1st week was an adaptation period and measurements were not carried out. Each pig was used in two 5-day digestibility trials which were performed in weeks 2 and 4. Neither food intake, weight gain nor food: gain ratio during the whole 4-week experimental period, nor apparent faecal digestibility and apparent retention of protein were significantly affected (P > 0·05) by expanding and pelleting the diet. Processing caused an increase in the in vitro protein solubility (P < 0·05) and reduced the dietary contents of free lysine and methionine (P < 0·05) while the contents of available lysine and free threonine and tryptophan were not significantly changed (P > 0·05). Apparent faecal digestibility of crude fibre increased substantially (P < 0·05) when the diet was processed, resulting in significantly lower production of faecal mass (P < 0·05) as well as lowerfaecal moisture content (P < 0·05). These phenomena were parallelled by a smaller water consumption (P < 0·05). Apparent digestibility and retention of phosphorus and calcium were diminished (P < 0·05) when the diet was expanded and pelleted.

scholarly journals Role of intestinalBifidobacterium pseudolongumin dietary fructo-oligosaccharide inhibition of 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene-induced contact hypersensitivity in mice

2009 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 539-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naho Sasajima ◽  
Toru Ogasawara ◽  
Naoki Takemura ◽  
Reiko Fujiwara ◽  
Jun Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Interferon Γ ◽  
Contact Hypersensitivity ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Ear Auricle ◽  
Lymph Node Cells

Strategies to manipulate the gut microbiota have been explored for preventing allergy development. We previously showed that dietary supplementation with fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) reduced 2, 4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB)-induced contact hypersensitivity (CHS) in BALB/c mice. Because the CHS response was negatively correlated with the number of faecal bifidobacteria, particularlyBifidobacterium pseudolongum, the present study aimed to examine whether oral administration ofB. pseudolongumaffects CHS response. ViableB. pseudolongumwas successfully isolated from mouse faeces. Female BALB/c mice were fed a synthetic diet with or without FOS supplementation, andB. pseudolongum(2 × 107cells) was administered daily throughout the experimental period. Two weeks after starting the test diets, mice received DNFB on the ear auricle twice at 7-d intervals. Conventional cultivation and molecular biological analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that administration of FOS andB. pseudolongumresulted in higher excretion of viable bifidobacteria, mainlyB. pseudolongum. Although dietary FOS reduced the CHS response as demonstrated by ear swelling,B. pseudolongumadministration resulted in a reduction in the initial phase only of the CHS response.B. pseudolongumadministration increased hapten-specific IgG1, while dietary FOS decreased IgG2a in sera. Administration of FOS andB. pseudolongumdecreased interferon-γ production and increased IL-10 production in cervical lymph node cells restimulated with haptenin vitro. We conclude thatB. pseudolongumproliferation in the intestinal tract is partially responsible for the reduction in DNFB-induced CHS response by dietary supplementation with FOS in mice, which may be mediated by the modulation of antigen-induced cytokine production.

scholarly journals Effect of oat gum on the physical properties of the gastrointestinal contents and on the uptake of D-galactose and cholesterol by rat small intestine in vitro

1989 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. K. Lund ◽  
J. M. Gee ◽  
J. C. Brown ◽  
P. J. Wood ◽  
I. T. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Glycaemic Index ◽  
Physiological Properties ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Recent reports indicate that oats have a relatively low glycaemic effect in comparison with other carbohydrate food, and that their consumption leads to a reduction in plasma-cholesterol levels in man. These properties may be due to a soluble non-starch polysaccharide in oats. The present study was undertaken to explore the physiological properties of this material. Three groups of male Wistar rats were meal-fed on a control diet free of soluble dietary fibre for 10 d before being given a 10 g meal of either the control diet, a diet containing oat gum (β-glucan), or finely ground rolled oats. The contents of the stomach, small intestine and caecum were later recovered and the weight, water content and viscosity were measured. The small intestinal contents from oat-gum-fed or oat-fed rats had a higher wet: dry weight ratio than that of the controls, and a higher viscosity. In in vitro studies the rate of uptake of d-galactose by jejunal rings was reduced in the presence of oat gum. The estimated Michaelis-Menten constant for the carrier-mediated component in the presence of oat gum was higher than that for controls, but the maximum transport rates were similar. Cholesterol uptake by everted jejunal sacs was progressively inhibited by increasing concentrations of oat gum in the mucosal medium. It is concluded that increased viscosity of the contents of the small intestine may contribute to the low glycaemic index and hypocholesterolaemic effects of oats in man. Oats appear to be amongst the few palatable sources of viscous dietary fibre in the conventional Western diet.

NUTRITIVE VALUE OF LEAF PROTEIN CONCENTRATES PREPARED FROM Amaranthus SPECIES

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. CHEEKE ◽  
R. CARLSSON ◽  
G. O. KOHLER
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Leaf Protein ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
The Poor

Leaf protein concentrate (LPC) samples were prepared from several species of Amaranthus. Their proximate composition and phenolic content were determined. In vitro nitrogen digestibility was low (28–48%) and was negatively correlated with phenolic content. The amino acid content of one sample of A. hypochondriacus LPC was measured, and compared favorably with reported values for essential amino acids for alfalfa LPC and soybean meal. The nutritional values of the LPC samples were assessed in a rat feeding trial. Compared to a soybean meal control diet, the gains with Amaranthus LPC were poor, ranging from 18 to 72% of the control value. The cause of the poor growth remains to be determined. The high ash content of the samples, or the presence of organic factors such as saponins, phenolics and oxalates are possibilities to account for the poor growth rate of rats.

Anemia in copper-deficient rats: role of alterations in erythrocyte membrane fluidity and oxidative damage

1995 ◽  
Vol 269 (5) ◽  
pp. C1245-C1249 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Rock ◽  
E. Gueux ◽  
A. Mazur ◽  
C. Motta ◽  
Y. Rayssiguier
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Fluidity ◽  
Membrane Lipids ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Erythrocyte Membranes ◽  
Cu Deficiency ◽  
Fluid Membrane ◽  
Phospholipid Ratio ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Erythrocyte Membrane Fluidity

This study was designed to make precise the nature and the mechanism of the anemia induced by dietary copper (Cu) deficiency. Male Wistar rats were pair fed from weanling for 6 wk either a Cu-deficient or a control diet. The reduced red blood cell (RBC) 51Cr survival indicates an increased destruction of RBC during Cu deficiency. 1,6-Diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene fluorescence polarization studies revealed an increase in the fluidity of erythrocyte membranes from deficient rats. The reduced cholesterol-to-phospholipid ratio was consistent with the increased fluidity. Other results indicate an increased vulnerability of RBC to hemolysis in dilute hydrogen peroxide and an increased formation of lipid peroxidation products. Before exposure to free radical stress, electron spin resonance studies in intact RBC revealed decreased correlation time of 16-doxyl-stearic acid, confirming a more fluid membrane in RBC from Cu-deficient rats. After in vitro peroxidation, RBC from Cu-deficient rats showed a more ordered state of membrane lipids compared with controls. Together, these studies demonstrate the hemolytic nature of the anemia. The shortened survival of erythrocytes apparently results from changes in membrane fluidity and enhanced susceptibility to peroxidation.

scholarly journals Fish-bone peptide increases calcium solubility and bioavailability in ovariectomised rats

2006 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Won-Kyo Jung ◽  
Bae-Jin Lee ◽  
Se-Kwon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Fish Bone ◽  
High Ratio ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Ovariectomised Rats

Fish-bone peptides (FBP) with a high affinity to Ca were isolated using hydroxyapatite affinity chromatography, and FBP II with a high ratio of phosphopeptide was fractionated in the range of molecular weight 5·0–1·0kDa by ultramembrane filtration.In vitrostudy elucidated that FBP II could inhibit the formation of insoluble Ca salts in neutral pH.In vivoeffects of FBP II on Ca bioavailability were further examined in the ovariectomised rat. During the experimental period, Ca retention was increased and loss of bone mineral was decreased by FBP II supplementation in ovariectomised rats. After the low-Ca diet, the FBP II diet, including both normal level of Ca and vitamin D, significantly decreased Ca loss in faeces and increased Ca retention compared with the control diet. The levels of femoral total Ca, bone mineral density, and strength were also significantly increased by the FBP II diet to levels similar to those of the casein phosphopeptide diet group (no difference;P>0·05). In the present study, the results proved the beneficial effects of fish-meal in preventing Ca deficiency due to increased Ca bioavailability by FBP intake

Availability of Cereal Fructans and Inulin in the Rat Intestinal Tract

1988 ◽  
Vol 118 (12) ◽  
pp. 1482-1486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urban Nilsson ◽  
Inger Björck
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Intestinal Microflora ◽  
Mild Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Antibiotic Drug ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal ◽  
Mild Acid

Abstract The fate of cereal fructans and inulin in the gastrointestinal tract was investigated by using a rat model. Male Wistar rats received diets containing 5.0% of a preparation of cereal fructans or 4.7 or 9.4% inulin. Each diet was tested with or without Nebactin, an antibiotic drug given to suppress the intestinal microflora. The availability of fructans in the upper gastrointestinal tract was calculated from the recovery in feces in Nebacitin-treated rats. Animals receiving cereal fructans developed diarrhea, which made it impossible to measure the bioavailability of this substrate. With inulin, the extent of digestion and absorption appeared to be 18–26%. This might, at least to some degree, be explained by hydrolysis by gastric juice in the stomach. Thus, in an in vitro assay, mild acid hydrolysis (0.05 M HCl, 37°C, 120 min) converted about 8% of inulin to free fructose. The apparent digestibility of the fructans was calculated from its recovery in feces from untreated rats. Only minute amounts of fructans could be detected, hence, cereal fructans as well as inulin reaching the hindgut appeared to be almost completely fermentable.

Dietary Calcium Supplementation Suppresses Bone Formation in Magnesium-Deficient Rats

2006 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 111-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Matsuzaki ◽  
Misao Miwa
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Calcium Supplementation ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Dietary Calcium ◽  
Mineral Apposition Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Bone Formation Rate ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

The purpose of this study was to clarify the effects of dietary calcium (Ca) supplementation on bone metabolism of magnesium (Mg)-deficient rats. Male Wistar rats were randomized by weight into three groups, and fed a control diet (control group), a Mg-deficient diet (Mg- group) or a Mg-deficient diet having twice the control Ca concentrations (Mg-2Ca group) for 14 days. Trabecular bone volume was significantly lower in the Mg - and Mg-2Ca groups than in the control group. Trabecular number was also significantly lower in the Mg - and Mg-2Ca groups than in the control group. Mineralizing bone surface, mineral apposition rate (MAR), and surface referent bone formation rate (BFR/BS) were significantly lower in the Mg - and Mg-2Ca groups than in the control group. Furthermore, MAR and BFR/BS were significantly lower in the Mg-2Ca group than in the Mg - group. These results suggest that dietary Ca supplementation suppresses bone formation in Mg-deficient rats.

Effect of dietary probiotic, antibiotic or combination on broiler performance, cecum microbial population and ileal development

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 74-79
Author(s):  
Ahmed Elbaz ◽  
Said El-sheikh
Keyword(s):  
Control Diet ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Broiler Performance

Objective: To investigate the effect of antibiotics and/or probiotics on broiler performance, some serum metabolites, cecum microflora composition, and ileum histomorphology under the Egyptian conditions. Design: Randomized controlled experimental study. Animals: Two hundred forty 1-day-old Ross (308) chicks were reared till 35 days of age. Procedures: The birds were randomly allocated into four main groups: a control diet without additives (CON); probiotic (Lactobacillus acidophilus) supplemented diet (PRO); antibiotic (Avilamycin) supplemented diet (ANT) and a mix group (AP) that received antibiotic in the diet form 1 to 4 days of age and treated during the rest of the experimental period with probiotics. Results: Chickens fed on probiotic or antibiotic diets had linear improvement in live body weight (LBW) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared with the control group, while the best LBW and FCR were in the AP group. An improvement in the nutrient digestibility was observed in the probiotic added groups (PRO and AP). Serum cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol contents decreased when antimicrobial (probiotic or antibiotic) supplementations were used, while there was an increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol contents, serum total protein, and albumin levels. Among all groups, cecum Clostridium perfringens and Escherichia coli counts decreased; however, there was an increase in Lactobacillus count compared to the control group. In probiotic supplemented groups (PRO and AP), a significant (P<0.05) improvement in ilea architecture. Conclusion and clinical relevance: Using probiotic after initial treatment with an antibiotic in broiler diets had a positive effect on broiler growth performance, gut health (improved cecum microbial populations and ileum histomorphology), and nutrient digestibility.

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