scholarly journals Chronic and postprandial responses of plasma insulin, glucose and lipids in volunteers given dietary fibre supplements

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 733-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Frape ◽  
A. M. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Response Curve ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Prior Exposure ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Citrus Pectin ◽  
Fasting Plasma ◽  
Glucose Ratio

We questioned whether a dietary fibre supplement known to lower fasting plasma cholesterol concentrations can also lower the postprandial plasma cholesterol, glucose and insulin concentrations when it is administered just before a meal. Two studies were conducted in healthy middle-aged volunteers of both sexes in whom the fasting plasma total cholesterol concentrations were above normal. In the first study the dietary fibre treatments (2.2 g) were psyllium and a psyllium-citrus pectin mixture to which the subjects (four males, eight females) had no prior exposure. Controls received no supplement. The meals were high-fat breakfasts and lunches. In the second study the dietary fibre (6 g) was from sugar-beet root and the reference control was α-cellulose (2 g); the meal was of glucose. The volunteers (eight males, eight females) had prior exposure to the fibre supplements three times daily for 3 weeks. After adjustments for fasting values and changes in haemodilution, the psyllium and psyllium-citrus pectin mixture in the first experiment had no significant effects on the postprandial measurements of plasma glucose, insulin: glucose ratio, total-, LDL- and HDL-cholesterol, and triacylglycerol. By contrast, the sugar-beet fibre in the second study significantly decreased the area under the glucose response curve by 6·9%, the area under the insulin response curve was lower by 9·6%, although not significantly, and the post-glucose meal HDL-cholesterol concentration was significantly (12%) higher. Additionally, the 3-week treatment with sugar-beet fibre significantly lowered the fasting total- and LDL-cholesterol concentrations, by 8·5% and 9·6% respectively. We conclude that low doses of psyllium and citrus pectin at breakfast and lunch have no effects on the postprandial plasma measurements, but that sugar-beet fibre taken daily for 3 weeks affects both fasting and postprandial plasma metabolites favourably in these individuals with mildly increased risk of ischaemic heart disease. Further, we observed that small changes in haemodilution occur after meals, as indicated by plasma albumin concentration and packed cell volume. Underemphasis of the dietary fibre effects may occur when postprandial haemodilution is not taken into account.

Effect of uremia on HDL composition, vascular inflammation, and atherosclerosis in wild-type mice

2007 ◽  
Vol 293 (4) ◽  
pp. F1325-F1331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian A. Bang ◽  
Susanne Bro ◽  
Emil D. Bartels ◽  
Tanja X. Pedersen ◽  
Lars B. Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Cholic Acid ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Vascular Inflammation ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Cholesterol Ratio ◽  
Amyloid A

Wild-type mice normally do not develop atherosclerosis, unless fed cholic acid. Uremia is proinflammatory and increases atherosclerosis 6- to 10-fold in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. This study examined the effect of uremia on lipoproteins, vascular inflammation, and atherosclerosis in wild-type C57BL/6J mice. Uremia was induced by nephrectomy (NX) and increased plasma urea and creatinine concentrations 2.5- to 4.5-fold; control mice were sham operated. After NX, mice were fed a Western-type diet or the same diet with 0.5% cholic acid. Cholic acid-fed NX mice did not thrive and were killed. In NX mice fed the Western-type diet ( n = 7), the total plasma cholesterol concentration was similar to that in sham mice ( n = 11), but on gel filtration the LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio was increased. HDL from NX mice contained more serum amyloid A and triglycerides and less cholesterol than HDL from sham mice. Plasma concentrations of sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 and aortic mRNA expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 did not differ between NX and sham mice. Twenty-six weeks after NX, the average oil red O-stained area of the aortic root was similar in NX and sham mice fed the Western-type diet, while it was increased in cholic acid-fed sham mice. The results suggest that moderate uremia neither induces aortic inflammation nor atherosclerosis in C57BL/6J mice despite increased LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio and altered HDL composition.

scholarly journals β-Carotene Oxygenase 1 Activity Modulates Circulating Cholesterol Concentrations in Mice and Humans

2020 ◽  
Vol 150 (8) ◽  
pp. 2023-2030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaume Amengual ◽  
Johana Coronel ◽  
Courtney Marques ◽  
Celia Aradillas-García ◽  
Juan Manuel Vargas Morales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Β Carotene

ABSTRACT Background Plasma cholesterol is one of the strongest risk factors associated with the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and myocardial infarction. Human studies suggest that elevated plasma β-carotene is associated with reductions in circulating cholesterol and the risk of myocardial infarction. The molecular mechanisms underlying these observations are unknown. Objective The objective of this study was to determine the impact of dietary β-carotene and the activity of β-carotene oxygenase 1 (BCO1), which is the enzyme responsible for the conversion of β-carotene to vitamin A, on circulating cholesterol concentration. Methods In our preclinical study, we compared the effects of a 10-d intervention with a diet containing 50 mg/kg of β-carotene on plasma cholesterol in 5-wk-old male and female C57 Black 6 wild-type and congenic BCO1-deficient mice. In our clinical study, we aimed to determine whether 5 common small nucleotide polymorphisms located in the BCO1 locus affected serum cholesterol concentrations in a population of young Mexican adults from the Universities of San Luis Potosí and Illinois: A Multidisciplinary Investigation on Genetics, Obesity, and Social-Environment (UP AMIGOS) cohort. Results Upon β-carotene feeding, Bco1−/− mice accumulated >20-fold greater plasma β-carotene and had ∼30 mg/dL increased circulating total cholesterol (P < 0.01) and non–HDL cholesterol (P < 0.01) than wild-type congenic mice. Our results in the UP AMIGOS cohort show that the rs6564851 allele of BCO1, which has been linked to BCO1 enzymatic activity, was associated with a reduction in 10 mg/dL total cholesterol concentrations (P = 0.009) when adjusted for vitamin A and carotenoid intakes. Non–HDL-cholesterol concentration was also reduced by 10 mg/dL when the data were adjusted for vitamin A and total carotenoid intakes (P = 0.002), or vitamin A and β-carotene intakes (P = 0.002). Conclusions Overall, our results in mice and young adults show that BCO1 activity impacts circulating cholesterol concentration, linking vitamin A formation with the risk of developing ASCVD.

scholarly journals Serum Apolipoprotein H and its Relationship to Blood Pressure, Serum Lipids, Fasting Plasma Glucose and Insulin in Normal Individuals

2001 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 494-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Crook ◽  
S I Ch'ng ◽  
P Lumb ◽  
F Reid
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Fasting Plasma Glucose ◽  
Serum Lipids ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Serum Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Apolipoprotein H ◽  
Fasting Plasma ◽  
Normal Individuals

Apolipoprotein H (apo H), also known as β2-glycoprotein I, has recently become of interest in the field of haemostasis. As apo H is elevated in diabetes mellitus and dyslipidaemia, we wished to test the hypothesis that serum apo H concentration was related to fasting plasma glucose and insulin as well as blood pressure, body mass index, hip/waist ratio and serum lipids in normal individuals. Eighty-one healthy young individuals (46 females and 35 males) were studied. Their age was 20·7 ± 0·75 years. Serum apo H significantly correlated with fasting plasma glucose ( r=0·24, P=0·03) and serum LDL cholesterol ( r=0·30, P=0·006). In the females serum apo H significantly correlated with serum cholesterol concentration ( r=0·30, P=0·04) and in males with serum HDL cholesterol concentration ( r=0·35, P=0·04). In multifactorial regression analysis for serum apo H and the other variables for the 81 subjects, only gender and fasting plasma glucose remained statistically significant in the model. Serum apo H concentrations would be expected to increase by 21.7mg/L for each single mmol/L increase in fasting plasma glucose (95% CI 2·3–41·2), P=0·029, and to increase by 17·0mg/L if the gender is male (95% CI 0·7–33·2), P=0·041.

scholarly journals Cholesterol lowering in pigs through enhanced bacterial bile salt hydrolase activity

1998 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. De Smet ◽  
P. De Boever ◽  
W. Verstraete
Keyword(s):  
Bile Salt ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Lactobacillus Reuteri ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bile Salt Hydrolase ◽  
Cholesterol Levels

The effect of feeding liveLactobacillus reutericells containing active bile salt hydrolase (BSH) on plasma cholesterol levels was studied in pigs. During an experiment lasting 13 weeks, twenty pigs were fed on a high-fat, high-cholesterol, low-fibre diet for the first 10 weeks, and a regular pig diet for the last 3 weeks. One group of animals received, twice daily, 11·25 (SD 0·16) log10colony forming units of the potential probiotic bacteria for 4 weeks (from week 3 until week 7). From week 8 onwards, the treated group was again fed on the same diet as the control group without additions. The total faecalLactobacilluscounts were only significantly higher in the treated pigs during the first 2 weeks ofL. reuterifeeding. Based on limited data, it was suggested that the administeredLactobacillusspecies had caused a temporary shift within the indigenousLactobacilluspopulation rather than permanently colonizing the intestinal tract. The probiotic feeding brought about significant lowering (P≤ 0·05) of total and LDL-cholesterol concentrations in the treated pigs compared with the control pigs, while no change in HDL-cholesterol concentration was observed. The data for faecal output of neutral sterols and bile salts were highly variable between the animals of each group, yet they indicated an increased output in the treated pigs. Although the blood cholesterol levels went up in both groups during the 3 weeks following theLactobacillusadministration period, significantly lower serum total and LDL-cholesterol levels were observed in the treated pigs. During the final 3 weeks of normalization to the regular diet, cholesterol concentrations significantly decreased in both animal groups and the differences in total and LDL-cholesterol concentrations between the groups largely disappeared.

Long-term Effect of Sotalol on Plasma Lipids

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (s5) ◽  
pp. 405s-407s ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Lehtonen ◽  
J. Viikari
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Plasma Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Plasma Total Cholesterol ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
The Difference

1. We studied the effect on plasma lipids of sotalol given orally over a 12 month period to patients with essential hypertension. 2. Plasma free fatty acid concentration was lower than initially at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months. The difference was significant (P < 0·01) at 1 and 3 months. 3. Plasma cholesterol (VLDL + LDL-cholesterol) increased during treatment. Plasma total cholesterol increased from 5·49 ± sd 0·94 mmol/l at the beginning to 6·37 ± 1·10 mmol/l at 12 months (P < 0·01). 4. HDL-cholesterol concentration and the ratio of HDL-cholesterol to total cholesterol decreased significantly. The ratios were 0·28 and 0·18 at the beginning and at 12 months respectively (P < 0·001). 5. Plasma triglycerides increased simultaneously from 1·14 ± 0·31 to 1·89 ± 0·99 mmol/l (P < 0·01).

The Effect of n-3 Fatty Acids on Lipids and Haemostasis in Patients with Type lla and Type IV Hyperlipidaemia

1989 ◽  
Vol 62 (02) ◽  
pp. 797-801 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Berg Schmidt ◽  
E Ernst ◽  
K Varming ◽  
J O Pedersen ◽  
J Dyerberg
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Apolipoprotein A1 ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Von Willebrand ◽  
Willebrand Factor ◽  
Factor Antigen

SummaryPlasma lipids and haemostasis were investigated in 17 patients with hyperlipidaemia before and after 6 weeks supplementation with 6 g n-3 fatty acids. Nine of the patients had type IIa and 8 had type IV hyperlipidaemia. No effect on plasma cholesterol, LDL- or HDL-cholesterol were seen, but plasma triglycerides decreased after n-3 supplementation. Apolipoprotein B increased and apolipoprotein A1 decreased after the oil supplement. The bleeding time was prolonged, but platelet aggregation was unaltered by n-3 fatty acids. Protein C activity increased in type II a and decreased in type IV after the supplement. Fibrinolysis was markedly depressed while von Willebrand factor antigen was reduced after intake of n-3 fatty acids.

Platelet Aggregation and Plasma Lipoproteins in Alcoholics During Alcohol Withdrawal

1986 ◽  
Vol 55 (02) ◽  
pp. 173-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Desai ◽  
J S Owen ◽  
D T Wilson ◽  
R A Hutton
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Alcohol Withdrawal ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Plasma Lipoprotein ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Arachidonic Acid Content ◽  
Low Density

SummaryPlatelet aggregation, platelet lipid composition and plasma lipoprotein concentrations were measured each week in a group of seventeen alcoholics, without overt liver disease, for one month, following acute, total alcohol withdrawal. The platelets were initially hypoaggregable but, within 1-2 weeks of cessation of drinking, they became hyperaggregable and then gradually returned towards normal values. Hyperaggregability could not be explained by increases in either the cholesterol or the arachidonic acid content of the platelets. Plasma very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels remained high throughout the study, but the initially raised levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol fell by 26%. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentration rose by 10% after two weeks of withdrawal but then returned to about the starting level. The resulting changes in the plasma LDL-cholesterol: HDL-cholesterol ratio, which had increased by more than 50% after two weeks of abstinence, essentially paralleled the time course of enhanced platelet reactivity in all but four of the alcoholics. These findings suggest that alterations in plasma lipoprotein concentrations during acute alcohol withdrawal may be a contributory factor to the haemostatic disorders present in such patients.

Performance of commercially-available cholesterol self-tests

2021 ◽  
pp. 000456322199239
Author(s):  
Steef Kurstjens ◽  
Eugenie Gemen ◽  
Selina Walk ◽  
Tjin Njo ◽  
Johannes Krabbe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Diagnostic Performance ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Density ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Lipid Panel ◽  
Better Regulation

Background Hypercholesterolemia (plasma cholesterol concentration ≥5.2 mmol/L) is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and stroke. Many different cholesterol self-tests are readily available at general stores, pharmacies and web shops. However, there is limited information on their analytical and diagnostic performance. Methods We included 62 adult patients who required a lipid panel measurement (cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides and LDLcalc) for routine care. The performance of five different cholesterol self-tests, three quantitative meters ( Roche Accutrend Plus, Mission 3-in-1 and Qucare) and two semi-quantitative strip tests ( Veroval and Mylan MyTest), was assessed according to the manufacturers’ protocol. Results The average plasma cholesterol concentration was 5.2 ± 1.2 mmol/L. The mean absolute relative difference (MARD) of the five cholesterol self-tests ranged from 6 ± 5% ( Accutrend Plus) to 20 ± 12% ( Mylan Mytest). The Accutrend Plus cholesterol meter showed the best diagnostic performance with a 92% sensitivity and 89% specificity. The Qucare and Mission 3-in-1 are able to measure HDL concentrations and can thus provide a cholesterol:HDL ratio. The Passing-Bablok regression analyses for the ratio showed poor performance in both self-tests ( Mission 3-in-1: y = 1.62x–1.20; Qucare: y = 0.61x + 1.75). The Accutrend Plus is unable to measure the plasma high-density lipoprotein concentration. Conclusions/interpretation: The Accutrend Plus cholesterol meter (Roche) had excellent diagnostic and analytic performance. However, several of the commercially-available self-tests had considerably poor accuracy and diagnostic performance and therefore do not meet the required qualifications, potentially leading to erroneous results. Better regulation, standardization and harmonization of cholesterol self-tests is warranted.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document