Longitudinal changes in HDL-cholesterol concentration are associated with different risk factors in primiparous and nulliparous young women: The NHLBI Growth and Health Study (NGHS)

Introduction: Over 30 million Americans suffer from hearing loss (HL). Studies suggest that established cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors may contribute to the pathophysiology of the inner ear. However, the aggregate effect of CVD risk factors on hearing is not well understood. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that high CVD risk burden is associated with worse hearing. Methods: We assessed younger (ages 18-34) and older (ages 55-64) Hispanic Community Health Study / Study of Latinos participants who underwent audiometry in 2008-11. After excluding those with conductive pathology and asymmetric HL, we randomly chose one ear for analysis. Puretone thresholds were obtained at 0.5-8 kHz; puretone average (PTA) was calculated using thresholds at 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz. Low CVD risk burden was defined as having all of: blood pressure (BP) <120/<80 mmHg; total cholesterol <180 mg/dL; not currently smoking; and not having prevalent diabetes. High CVD risk burden was defined as ≥ 2 of: diabetes; currently smoking; BP >160/>100 mmHg (or antihypertensive use); and total cholesterol >240 mg/dL (or statin use). By age group and sex, we estimated hearing thresholds per frequency with linear regression models adjusted for noise exposure. Least squares estimates were calculated using strata-specific means of covariates. Estimates were compared via t-tests. Data were weighted for all analyses and accounted for clustering. Results: Among younger and older individuals in the target population (51.9% female), 28.8% had low and 5.5% had high CVD risk. Younger men with high CVD risk had worse PTA than young men with low risk (7.7 dB HL [7.0-8.4] vs. 10.5 dB HL [8.4-12.5], p =0.02), and had significantly worse thresholds at 1,3,4,6 kHz than those with low risk ( Figure ). There was no difference in PTA or thresholds at any frequency by CVD risk burden in young women, older men, or older women. Conclusions: CVD risk burden is associated with HL among young men, but not young women or older adults. CVD risk burden may be useful for identifying young men at risk for HL.

Download Full-text

Young Women's HDL Cholesterol Changes Differ by Parity Status, Race and Pre-Pregnancy HDL

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzaa054_176 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 1104-1104

Author(s):

Jessica Woo ◽

Laura Woollett

Keyword(s):

Young Women ◽

Secondary Analysis ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Health Study ◽

Funding Sources ◽

Concentration Changes ◽

C 50 ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Objectives Longitudinal analyses have identified that first pregnancy is associated with a 3–4 mg/dl selective decrease in high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) concentration. This study examined whether HDL-C concentration changes vary by pre-pregnancy demographic or cardiometabolic factors. Methods This is a secondary analysis of the NHLBI Growth and Health Study in which girls were studied from 9 to 29 years of age. Girls with lipid measurements prior to (mean age ∼17) and after (mean age ∼23) their first birth (parous) were compared with a nulliparous group with lipid assessments at similar ages (∼16 and ∼25 years). Results 202 nulliparous and 199 parous participants were analyzed (52% black, mean age 16.6 at initial measurement). The parous group was more likely to be black (66% vs. 38%, P < 0.0001), but did not differ on initial BMI, % body fat, or HDL-C. HDL-C change was not related to gestational factors (gestational weight gain, infant birthweight (both P > 0.3)). Adjusting for concurrent change in BMI, race and time between measurements, the parous group HDL-C decreased by −3.4 mg/dl while the nulliparous HDL-C did not change (−0.1 mg/dl, P = 0.004 for difference). Adjusted HDL-C changes were negatively associated with initial HDL-C (beta: −0.42, P < 0.0001), but not with initial BMI (P = 0.13) or age (P = 0.18). Parity status and race altered the relationship of initial HDL-C with changes in HDL-C (p for 3-way interaction <0.05). In particular, whites with initial HDL-C ≥ 50 mg/dl experienced pregnancy-specific decreases in HDL-C (−7.0 mg/dl parous vs. no significant change in nulliparous, P < 0.0001). In blacks with initial HDL-C ≥ 50 mg/dl, HDL-C significantly declined in both the parous (−6.9 mg/dl) and nulliparous (−5.4 mg/dl) groups (P = 0.35 for parity difference). In women of both races with low initial HDL-C (<50 mg/dl), HDL-C increased or did not change. Conclusions Young adult changes in HDL are not associated with gestational factors, but are strongly associated with race, parity status, changes in BMI and initial HDL. In particular, white young women with high HDL experience major pregnancy-related decreases in HDL, while black young women with high HDL are at risk of significant HDL declines, regardless of parity. Impacts on cardiometabolic outcomes should be examined. Funding Sources NIH/NHLBI.

Download Full-text

Abstract 19: Dietary Lipophilic Load and Dietary Lipophilic Index with Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Middle-Aged Women: Beyond Conventional Fat Classifications

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.131.suppl_1.19 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 131 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Eric L Ding ◽

Katerina M De Vito ◽

Hongyu Wu ◽

Qi Sun ◽

An Pan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Coronary Heart Disease ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Dietary Fat ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Health Study ◽

Chd Risk ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Total Fat ◽

Traditional Risk Factors

Introduction: Studies indicate dietary types of fats are associated with risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Traditional broad classifications may incompletely capture the diversity of fatty acids on CHD. The novel lipid index Dietary Lipophilic Load (DLL) reflects a unique combination of fatty acid fluidity, intermolecular attraction, plus relative fat quantity, while Dietary Lipophilic Index (DLI) is a measure of average fat fluidity, regardless of fat quantity. Thus, we evaluated the association, DLL and DLI, with risk of incident CHD. METHODS: Participants included 30,932 women in the Women’s Health Study (WHS), who were free of major chronic diseases at baseline. DLL was calculated by weighted summation of the multiplicative product of each fatty acid’s intakes (g/day) and its melting points (Celcius); DLI was calculated by dividing DLL by total fat intake (g/day). Hazard ratios (HRs) were adjusted for established risk factors, with updated dietary data, and potential mediators. We also investigated hypothesized interactions with C-Reactive Protein (CRP). RESULTS: There were 1137 cases of incident CHD in 525,828 person-years over 19 years follow-up. At baseline in over 27,000 women with blood samples, DLL and DLI were not correlated with serum cholesterol, triglyceride, HbA1c, ICAM-1, or CRP biomarkers (r<0.02 for all). In overall multivariate analysis, DLL was associated with higher risk of CHD (extreme quintile HR=1.40, 95%CI: 1.11-1.76, P trend=0.0002), while DLI was not (HR=0.83, 95%CI: 0.67-1.03, P trend=0.75). DLL results were independent beyond adjustment for dietary trans, saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fats, nor their aggregate adjustment or the P:S ratio. DLL effects persisted even adjusting for CRP (HR=1.29, P-trend=1 mg/dL for DLL (extreme quintile HR=1.38, 1.02-1.88), than among individuals with low CRP <1 mg/dl for DLL (HR=1.08, 0.68-1.72), with P-interaction<0.0001. Furthermore, CRP also modified DLI, where effects again diverged among higher CRP (HR=0.98, 0.73-1.31) versus low CRP (HR=0.45, 0.27-0.74), with P-interaction<0.0001. Moreover, adjustment of triglycerides, HbA1c, ICAM-1, LDL or HDL cholesterol also did not materially affect overall results. CONCLUSION: Results indicate that DLL is associated with increased risk of incident CHD, independent of traditional risk factors, conventional dietary fat classifications, and major CHD biomarkers. Effects of DLL and DLI appear to be modified by levels of CRP. DLL appears to be an important novel dietary fat index that captures additional CHD risk information beyond biomarkers and traditional dietary fat categories. Further studies are warranted.

Download Full-text

Abstract P212: Circulating Homocysteine, Aldosterone and Brain Natriuretic Peptide Levels Predict the Development of Metabolic Syndrome and Longitudinal Changes in Metabolic Syndrome Components: Findings from fhe Jackson Heart Study

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.125.suppl_10.ap212 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽

Author(s):

Solomon K Musani ◽

Ramachandran S Vasan ◽

Aurelian Bidulescu ◽

Jiankang Liu ◽

Herman A Taylor ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

African Americans ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Natriuretic Peptide ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Longitudinal Change ◽

Continuous Variables ◽

Longitudinal Changes ◽

Relative Contribution

Background: The relative contribution of selected circulatory biomarkers that represent distinct biological pathways to the incidence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in African Americans is not well elucidated despite the greater prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in this ethnic group. Thus, we aimed to assess the relative contribution of a panel of representative cardiometabolic biomarkers with the hypothesis that they are predictors of incident MetS and longitudinal changes in MetS components. Materials and Methods: At the end of the second JHS examination cycle (average 4.7 years from baseline), 178 participants of the total 1055 without prevalent MetS at baseline had developed MetS. We selected informative markers from a panel of 7 representing inflammation (C - reactive protein and leptin), neurohormonal activity (aldosterone, BNP, cortisol), and endothelial function (endothelin and homocysteine) that were significantly associated with incident metabolic syndrome (MetS). Biomarker selection was performed using stepwise selection in multivariable logistic regression models. We adjusted for baseline age, gender, systolic and diastolic BP, log triglycerides, fasting glucose and HDL cholesterol, and waist circumference measurements. Results: Serum homocysteine, aldosterone and B-natriuretic peptide (BNP) concentration were retained as significantly associated with incident MetS, with p-values 0.037, 0.008 and 0.022, respectively. The multivariable adjusted OR (95%CI) were 1.28 (1.02 to 1.62) for homocysteine; 1.33 (1.08 to 1.65) for aldosterone, and 2.47 (1.31 to 4.66) for 2nd BNP quartile compared to the first quartile. In multivariable analyses evaluating longitudinal change in MetS components (analyzed as continuous variables); homocysteine was significantly and positively associated with diastolic BP. Serum aldosterone was associated with all MetS risk factors, while higher levels of plasma circulating BNP were associated with all risk factors except sex-standardized waist circumference. Discussion and Conclusions: Higher circulating homocysteine and aldosterone levels were directly associated with the development of MetS and with longitudinal change of its components except HDL cholesterol and sex standardized waist circumference, which were negatively associated with aldosterone. The second and fourth quartiles of circulating plasma BNP concentration were significantly associated with greater odds of developing MetS than the first quartile. Further, higher concentration of BNP was associated with positive changes in all risk components except for HDL cholesterol and waist circumference. These results suggest that the biomarkers and their related pathways are essential in mediating metabolic risk in African Americans.

Download Full-text

apoE4 allele and the natural history of cardiovascular risk factors

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.00408.2004 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 289 (2) ◽

pp. E322-E327 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Angelo Scuteri ◽

Samer S. Najjar ◽

Denis Muller ◽

Reubin Andres ◽

Christopher H. Morrell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Plasma Glucose ◽

Fasting Plasma Glucose ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Repeated Measurements ◽

Longitudinal Changes ◽

Apoe4 Allele ◽

Fasting Plasma ◽

Changes Over Time ◽

Over Time

The aims of the present study were to compare the longitudinal changes in traditional cardiovascular (CV) risk factors (blood pressure, BMI, total and HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, and blood glucose) in men with and without the apolipoprotein (apo)E4 allele. Three hundred six men from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging, ranging in age from 20 to 92 yr, were studied. Repeated measurements of CV risk factors were performed over a median follow-up time of 7 yr (maximum 14.3 yr) for men. Longitudinal changes in these CV risk factors were analyzed by linear mixed-effects models. The prevalence of the apoE4 allele was 25.5%. apoE4 was independently associated with accelerated changes over time in fasting plasma glucose (+9.5% vs. no change in those without apoE4 in the 6th age-decade over 10 yr). No significant effect of apoE4 on longitudinal changes in total or HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, or blood pressures was observed. In conclusion, apoE4 influences fasting plasma glucose and its changes over time. This could explain, in part, the increased CV risk associated with the apoE4 genotype observed in men.

Download Full-text

The Association Between Habitual Avocado Intake and Metabolic Syndrome (P08-035-19)

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzz044.p08-035-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Celine Heskey ◽

Keiji Oda ◽

Joan Sabate

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽

Portion Size ◽

Health Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Funding Sources

Abstract Objectives To assess the relationship between habitual avocado intake, and cardiometabolic risk factors and metabolic syndrome (MetS). We hypothesized that regular avocado intake is associated with a lower occurrence of elevated blood glucose (BG), TG, blood pressure (BP), and waist circumference (WC), and/or decreased HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C). Methods This cross-sectional analysis was done on a random sample (n = ∼850) of subjects from the Adventist Health Study-2 cohort. Diet was assessed using a quantitative FFQ, which included an item for avocado/guacamole intake. Avocado intake (g/day) was calculated: f * s * n where f = the weighted frequency of avocado; s = the weighted portion size of avocado; and n = standard serving size (32 g) of avocado. FFQ data was also used to calculate total energy intake. Medication use, fasting BG, TG, HDL-C, BP, and WC were assessed during clinics. MetS was defined as follows: ≥3 of the diagnostic criteria defined by the Adult Treatment Panel III. Descriptive statistics including differences of means were analyzed. Logistic regression was used to determine the odds of metabolic syndrome for non-consumers (0 g/day; reference) versus consumers (>0 g/day; 51% of subjects) of avocado. Covariates were measured via a questionnaire: age, gender, race, education, energy intake, and dietary patterns. Results The odds for MetS for avocado consumers was non-significantly lower compared to nonconsumers: OR (95% CI) 0.87 (0.58, 1.30). Mean diastolic BP and WC were significantly lower among avocado consumers compared to nonconsumers. Mean HDL-C, TG, BG, and systolic BP did not differ between groups. Conclusions No relationship between habitual avocado intake and MetS has been found. However, there may be an inverse relationship between avocado intake and specific cardiometabolic risk factors: diastolic BP and WC. Funding Sources Hass Avocado Board, NIH, National Cancer Institute.

Download Full-text

Effect of longitudinal changes in visceral fat area on incidence of metabolic risk factors: The hitachi health study

Obesity ◽

10.1002/oby.20347 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 21 (10) ◽

pp. 2126-2129 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Yumi Matsushita ◽

Toru Nakagawa ◽

Shuichiro Yamamoto ◽

Yoshihiko Takahashi ◽

Tetsuji Yokoyama ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Visceral Fat ◽

Metabolic Risk Factors ◽

Health Study ◽

Metabolic Risk ◽

Visceral Fat Area ◽

Longitudinal Changes

Download Full-text

The Oslo Health Study: Soft drink intake is associated with the metabolic syndrome

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1139/h10-059 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 35 (5) ◽

pp. 635-642 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Arne Torbjørn Høstmark

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Soft Drink ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Soft Drinks ◽

Health Study ◽

Regression Analyses ◽

Serum Triglycerides ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome

It has been reported that the frequency of cola intake (COLA) is positively associated with serum triglycerides and negatively associated with high-density-lioprotein (HDL) cholesterol, both components of the metabolic syndrome (MetS). The question now is whether noncola soft drink intake (NCOLA) is associated with MetS. Among the 18 770 participants in the Oslo Health Study, 5373 men and 6181 women had data on COLA and NCOLA and risk factors for MetS (except fasting glucose). Main MetS requirements are central obesity and 2 of the following: increased triglycerides, low HDL cholesterol, increased systolic or diastolic blood pressure, and elevated fasting blood glucose. The MetSRisk index was calculated to estimate many MetS components. Using regression analyses, the association between COLA (NCOLA) and MetS (MetSRisk) was studied. In young (aged 30 years), middle-aged (aged 40 and 45 years), and senior (aged 59 and 60 years) men and women, there was, in general, a positive correlation between COLA and MetSRisk, and between COLA and single MetS risk factors, except HDL cholesterol, which was negatively correlated. A less consistent picture was found for NCOLA. By regression analyses, after adjustment for sex, age, time since last meal, and use of sugar-sweetened soft drinks, a positive association between COLA (NCOLA) and MetSRisk (MetS) was still found. However, when also controlling for cheese, fatty fish, coffee, alcohol, smoking, physical activity, education, and birthplace, only the association with COLA remained significant, irrespective of the presence or absence of sugar. In conclusion, the self-reported intake frequency of soft drinks can be positively associated with MetS.

Download Full-text

The comparison of cardiovascular risk factors prevalence among Catholics and Seventh-day Adventists living in southern Poland

Pielegniarstwo XXI wieku / Nursing in the 21st Century ◽

10.1515/pielxxiw-2017-0022 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 12-16

Author(s):

Anna Majda ◽

Joanna Zalewska-Puchała ◽

Iwona Bodys-Cupak ◽

Alicja Kamińska ◽

Marcin Suder

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Event ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Review Literature ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Cholesterol Concentration ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Southern Poland

Abstract Introduction. A review literature concerning the religious affiliation and that of cardiovascular disease did not show any clear correlations between these variables. Aim. To determine selected cardiovascular risk factors and the risk of a cardiovascular event among Seventh-day Adventists (SDA) and Catholics. Material and Methods. A cross-sectional study was carried out in the years 2014-2015 among 252 people, including 118 Seventhday Adventists and 134 Catholics over 18 years of age, residents of southern Poland. The results of the following were analysed: anthropometric measurements, an interview questionnaire, physical examination and laboratory tests, as well as the SCORE scale. Results. The mean concentration of homocysteine and triglycerides in Catholics was significantly higher than in Adventists. Adventists had significantly higher blood pressure and mean HDL cholesterol concentration than Catholics. On the basis of BMI, overweight and obesity were ascertained in a somewhat greater percentage of Catholics than Adventists, and on the basis of waist circumference, android obesity was found to be more common in Catholics than in Adventists. Conclusions. Based on the SCORE scale, the risk of a cardiovascular event was significantly higher in Catholics than in Adventists.

Download Full-text

Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and its Related Risk Factors in the City of Oran, Algeria: the ISOR Study

Ethnicity & Disease ◽

10.18865/ed.26.1.99 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 99 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Leila Houti ◽

Imane Hamani-Medjaoui ◽

Sarah A. Lardjam-Hetraf ◽

Hadjira Ouhaibi-Djellouli ◽

Saada Chougrani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Abdominal Obesity ◽

Urban Population ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Lifestyle Changes ◽

Cholesterol Concentration ◽

The City

Background: Aging and lifestyle changes had led to an epidemiological transition, with a significant impact on the incidence of cardiovascular diseases in North Africa. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its associated factors, which were unknown, among an urban population in Algeria.Methods: During 2007-2009, 787 individuals aged 30-64 years, randomly selected from the list of insured persons residing in the city of Oran, participated in a clinical, anthropometric and biological survey. Participants were classified according to the National Cholesterol Education Program - Adult Treatment Panel (NCEP-ATP) III definition of metabolic syndrome. Results: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 20%, higher in women than men (25.9 vs 13.7%; P<.0001). Among the components of the syndrome, the most common risk factors observed in women were a low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentration (60.4% vs 44.2% in men) and abdominal obesity (46.8% vs 30.1% in men) whereas men displayed more high blood pressure (42.5% vs 34.8% in women). In men, metabolic syndrome was more frequent in married and highly educated participants. In contrast, women with a high level of education and who had an intermediate level of physical activity seemed to be protected. Conclusions: Metabolic syndrome, prevalent in the urban population of North Algeria, is associated with a high proportion of low HDL-cholesterol and abdominal obesity, especially among women. There is a need for prevention strategies involving promotion of physical activity for the whole population and screening for hypertension among men. Ethn Dis. 2016;26(1):99-106; doi:10.18865/ed.26.1.99

Download Full-text