scholarly journals Effects of variations in the proportions of saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids in the rat diet on spleen lymphocyte functions

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 805-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola M. Jeffery ◽  
Mario Cortina ◽  
Eric A. Newsholme ◽  
Philip C. Calder
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Killer Cell ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Oleic Acid Content ◽  
Pufa Ratio ◽  
Spleen Lymphocytes

To obtain further information about the immunomodulatory effects of specific dietary fatty acids, weanling male rats were fed for 6 weeks on high-fat (178 g/kg) diets which differed according to the principal fatty acids present. The nine diets used differed in their contents of palmitic, oleic, linoleic and α-linolenic acids; as a result the total polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content and the PUFA: saturated fatty acid ratio varied (from 17·8 to 58·5 g/lW g fatty acids and from 0·28 to 5·56 respectively). The n−6 PUFA: n−3 PUFA ratio was kept constant in all diets at approximately 7·0.The fatty acid compositions of the serum and of spleen lymphocytes were significantly influenced by that of the diet fed. The ex vivo proliferation of spleen lymphocytes decreased as the levelof oleic acid in the diet increased. Spleen natural killer cell activity decreased as the oleic acid content of the diet increased and increased as the palmitic acid content of the diet increased. The extent of the effects of these fatty acids on lymphocyte functions was modified by the nature of the background fatty acid composition of the diet.

scholarly journals Variation in fatty acid content and composition among Iranian fennel landraces

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keivan Bahmani ◽  
Ali Izady- Darbandi ◽  
Azam Akbari ◽  
Ryan Warner
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Oleic Acid Content ◽  
High Linoleic Acid ◽  
Early Maturing

One of the factors determining drug quality in bitter fennel is the types and quantities of fatty acids stored in the seeds. We measured the fatty acid content of 50 Iranian fennel landraces. Fatty acid concentration of the 50 fennel landraces ranged from 9.5 to 23% of seed mass, and the highest amounts of fatty acid content among the early maturing races belonged to Hamedan and Arak (19.5 and 18.5%, respectively), among the medium maturing races to Marvdasht, Kohn and Meshkin Shahr (23, 20.5 and 19%, respectively), and among the late-maturing races to Sari (21%). The highest fatty acid yields belonged to Fasa (65.3 ml/m2) among the early maturing races, Meshkin Shahr and Moqhan (92.5 and 85.4 ml/m2) among the medium maturing races, and Sari (71.4 ml/m2) among the late-maturing races. The main compositions of fatty acids, measured in twelve of the landraces, were oleic acid (52-64%), linoleic acid (26-39%), palmitic acid (0.3-4.1%), stearic acid (1.3-2.4%), linolenic acid (0.6-3.6%) and myristic acid (0.35-1.07%). It was observed that landraces with high oleic acid content originated from regions with a dry and warm climate, while landraces with high linoleic acid content originated from regions with a humid and cool climate. Understanding relationships between the fatty acid profile and landrace origin climate may improve the efficiency of identifying landraces with specific fennel chemotypes. In conclusion, these results indicate that some of these fennel landraces have the potential to be complementary sources of certain fatty acids, such as oleic and linoleic acids.

scholarly journals TILLING-by-Sequencing+ Reveals the Role of Novel Fatty Acid Desaturases (GmFAD2-2s) in Increasing Soybean Seed Oleic Acid Content

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1245
Author(s):  
Naoufal Lakhssassi ◽  
Valéria Stefania Lopes-Caitar ◽  
Dounya Knizia ◽  
Mallory A. Cullen ◽  
Oussama Badad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Edible Oils ◽  
Fatty Acid Desaturase ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Oleic Acid Content ◽  
Fatty Acid Production ◽  
Tilling By Sequencing

Soybean is the second largest source of oil worldwide. Developing soybean varieties with high levels of oleic acid is a primary goal of the soybean breeders and industry. Edible oils containing high level of oleic acid and low level of linoleic acid are considered with higher oxidative stability and can be used as a natural antioxidant in food stability. All developed high oleic acid soybeans carry two alleles; GmFAD2-1A and GmFAD2-1B. However, when planted in cold soil, a possible reduction in seed germination was reported when high seed oleic acid derived from GmFAD2-1 alleles were used. Besides the soybean fatty acid desaturase (GmFAD2-1) subfamily, the GmFAD2-2 subfamily is composed of five members, including GmFAD2-2A, GmFAD2-2B, GmFAD2-2C, GmFAD2-2D, and GmFAD2-2E. Segmental duplication of GmFAD2-1A/GmFAD2-1B, GmFAD2-2A/GmFAD2-2C, GmFAD2-2A/GmFAD2-2D, and GmFAD2-2D/GmFAD2-2C have occurred about 10.65, 27.04, 100.81, and 106.55 Mya, respectively. Using TILLING-by-Sequencing+ technology, we successfully identified 12, 8, 10, 9, and 19 EMS mutants at the GmFAD2-2A, GmFAD2-2B, GmFAD2-2C, GmFAD2-2D, and GmFAD2-2E genes, respectively. Functional analyses of newly identified mutants revealed unprecedented role of the five GmFAD2-2A, GmFAD2-2B, GmFAD2-2C, GmFAD2-2D, and GmFAD2-2E members in controlling the seed oleic acid content. Most importantly, unlike GmFAD2-1 members, subcellular localization revealed that members of the GmFAD2-2 subfamily showed a cytoplasmic localization, which may suggest the presence of an alternative fatty acid desaturase pathway in soybean for converting oleic acid content without substantially altering the traditional plastidial/ER fatty acid production.

EFFECTS OF DIET ON THE COMPOSITION OF BODY FAT IN AGRIA AFFINIS (FALLÉN)

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Barlow
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Palmitoleic Acid ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nutritional Adequacy

When larvae of the parasitic fly Agria affinis (Fallén) were reared on fatty acid free diets, the characteristically high palmitoleic acid content of the body fats was much increased. Oleic acid in the diet was effective in reducing this, but not so effective as a mixture of fatty acids. The body fats still contained unusually high proportions of palmitic, palmitoleic, and oleic acids even when a mixture of fatty acids was fed. These observations are related to earlier observations on the nutritional adequacy of various fatty acids.

Variability of Seed Fatty Acid Composition to Growing Degree-Days in High Oleic Acid Sunflower Genotypes

Helia ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (62) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Ferfuia ◽  
Maurizio Turi ◽  
Gian Paolo Vannozzi
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Inbred Line ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Growing Degree Days ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Oleic Acid Content ◽  
Degree Days

AbstractHigh temperature enhances the oleic acid content in the oil of normal cultivars but conflicting results are reported on temperature effects on oleic acid content in HO cultivars: either no effect or an increase in oleic acid content with temperature. To investigate the effects of temperature on HO genotypes under natural field conditions, a three-year field trial was conducted using two sowing dates and three HO genotypes (two inbred lines and one hybrid). To compare our results with previous works, growing degree-days (GDD) were computed (base temperature=6°C). GDD accumulated during the “flowering – 25 days after flowering” period influenced fatty acid composition of seed. Oleic and linoleic acid contents were affected by accumulated GDD in two HO genotypes (one inbred line and the hybrid). There was an increase of about 3% in oleic acid content as response to more high GDD accumulated. Their content was not modified by GDD in the other inbred line. There was a genotype×environment interaction that we suppose depending on modifier genes. These genetic factors affected oleic acid content. This indicated the importance of breeding targeted to select hybrids with a stable oleic acid content and higher than 90%. Saturated fatty acids (palmitic and stearic) were also influenced by temperature, and there was genetic variability among genotypes.

Dietary fatty acids and CD36-mediated cholesterol homeostasis: potential mechanisms

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elif Ulug ◽  
Reyhan Nergiz-Unal
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Fatty Acid Pattern ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Cholesterol Homeostasis ◽  
Acid Uptake ◽  
Pufa Ratio ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Cd36 Receptor

Abstract Currently, the prevention and treatment of CVD have been a global focus since CVD is the number one cause of mortality and morbidity. In the pathogenesis of CVD, it was generally thought that impaired cholesterol homeostasis might be a risk factor. Cholesterol homeostasis is affected by exogenous factors (i.e. diet) and endogenous factors (i.e. certain receptors, enzymes and transcription factors). In this context, the number of studies investigating the potential mechanisms of dietary fatty acids on cholesterol homeostasis have increased in recent years. As well, the cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) receptor is a multifunctional membrane receptor involved in fatty acid uptake, lipid metabolism, atherothrombosis and inflammation. CD36 is proposed to be a crucial molecule for cholesterol homeostasis in various mechanisms including absorption/reabsorption, synthesis, and transport of cholesterol and bile acids. Moreover, it has been reported that the amount of fatty acids and fatty acid pattern of the diet influence the CD36 level and CD36-mediated cholesterol metabolism principally in the liver, intestine and macrophages. In these processes, CD36-mediated cholesterol and lipoprotein homeostasis might be impaired by dietary SFA and trans-fatty acids, whereas ameliorated by MUFA in the diet. The effects of PUFA on CD36-mediated cholesterol homeostasis are controversial depending on the amount of n-3 PUFA and n-6 PUFA, and the n-3:n-6 PUFA ratio. Thus, since the CD36 receptor is suggested to be a novel nutrient-sensitive biomarker, the role of CD36 and dietary fatty acids in cholesterol metabolism might be considered in medical nutrition therapy in the near future. Therefore, the novel nutritional target of CD36 and interventions that focus on dietary fatty acids and potential mechanisms underlying cholesterol homeostasis are discussed in this review.

scholarly journals Overexpression of Soybean Transcription Factors GmDof4 and GmDof11 Significantly Increase the Oleic Acid Content in Seed of Brassica napus L.

Agronomy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qinfu Sun ◽  
Jueyi Xue ◽  
Li Lin ◽  
Dongxiao Liu ◽  
Jian Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Oleic Acid Content ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Brassica Napus L

Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) with substantial lipid and oleic acid content is of great interest to rapeseed breeders. Overexpression of Glycine max transcription factors Dof4 and Dof11 increased lipid accumulation in Arabidopsis and microalgae, in addition to modifying the quantity of certain fatty acid components. Here, we report the involvement of GmDof4 and GmDof11 in regulating fatty acid composition in rapeseeds. Overexpression of GmDof4 and GmDof11 in rapeseed increased oleic acid content and reduced linoleic acid and linolenic acid. Both qPCR and the yeast one-hybrid assay indicated that GmDof4 activated the expression of FAB2 by directly binding to the cis-DNA element on its promoters, while GmDof11 directly inhibited the expression of FAD2. Thus, GmDof4 and GmDof11 might modify the oleic acid content in rapeseed by directly regulating the genes that are associated with fatty acid biosynthesis.

Environmental effects on seed composition of Victorian canola

2000 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 679 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. M. Pritchard ◽  
H. A. Eagles ◽  
R. M. Norton ◽  
P. A. Salisbury ◽  
M. Nicolas
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Linoleic Acid Content ◽  
Glucosinolate Content ◽  
Oleic Acid Content ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Spring Temperatures

Data from advanced breeding experiments between 1985 and 1994 were used to determine the effects of region, year and environment on the quality of canola grown across Victoria. Estimates from these unbalanced data were made using residual maximum likelihood. Environmental effects were large relative to cultivar effects for oil and protein content, while the reverse occurred for glucosinolate content. High oil contents (and low seed protein contents) were correlated with cooler spring temperatures and higher spring rainfall. Oil contents were lowest, on average, in canola grown in dry years, or from the hotter regions, such as the Mallee, and were highest in canola from the cooler, wetter regions, such as south-western and north-eastern Victoria. Fatty acid composition varied with year and region. Means for saturated fatty acid content averaged 6.4 0.1%. The oleic acid content averaged 60.3 0.4% and was higher in canola grown in central Victoria and the Wimmera, and in most years, in north-eastern Victoria compared with other regions. Low temperatures and low rainfall reduced oleic acid content. Linoleic acid content averaged 19.7 0.3% and linolenic acid averaged 10.4 0.3%, with the content of these fatty acids negatively correlated with the content of oleic acid. Erucic acid levels were below 0.6% in all regions.

scholarly journals Bioinformatics and Expression Pattern Analysis of Soybean Fatty Acid Desaturase Family Gene

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Wu ◽  
Long Jiang ◽  
Xiaoming Yu ◽  
Xiangbo Yang ◽  
Dianyuan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Fatty Acid Desaturase ◽  
Oleic Acid Content ◽  
Grain Development ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Soybean Fatty Acid ◽  
Structural Differences

Abstract Background To clarify the homology and structural differences of seven genes in the soybean fatty acid desaturase 2 (FAD2) family and the relationship between the expression level of each gene and oleic acid content at different stages of grain development, the seven genes in this family were studied through informatics analysis and evaluation of expression patterns.Results Database analysis, phylogenetic tree analysis, transmembrane structure prediction, amino acid sequence alignment, intron exon structure analysis, and protein motif analysis were performed for seven genes in the FAD2 family. The results showed that GmFAD2-1 and GmFAD2-2b and Other genes are structurally different, and it is speculated that their functions also have weak changes. By analyzing gene expression patterns at different stages of soybean grain development, the expression levels of the family genes at different stages of grain development first increase, then decrease, and finally decrease. For stability, the correlation analysis showed that the gene expression was negatively correlated with oleic acid content, and the correlation coefficients of GmFAD2-1 and GmFAD2-2b were the largest, showing a significant negative correlation.Conclusions Bioinformatics and expression analysis of genes in the FAD2 family. Identify the structural differences of each gene, and the differences in expression levels at different stages of soybean variety and grain development, and initially identify the differences in function size and catalytic efficiency between genes, in order to create new high-oleic soybean varieties using genetic engineering Quality, providing a theoretical basis.

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