Net energy value of two low-digestible carbohydrates, Lycasin®HBC and the hydrogenated polysaccharide fraction of Lycasin®HBC in healthy human subjects and their impact on nutrient digestive utilization

The metabolizable energy content of low-digestible carbohydrates does not correspond with their true energy value. The aim of the present study was to determine the tolerance and effects of two polyols on digestion and energy expenditure in healthy men, as well as their digestible, metabolizable and net energy values. Nine healthy men were fed for 32 d periods a maintenance diet supplemented either with dextrose, Lycasin®HBC (Roquette Frères, Lestrem, France), or the hydrogenated polysaccharide fraction of Lycasin®HBC, at a level of 100 g DM/d in six equal doses per d according to a 3×3 Latin square design with three repetitions. After a 20 d progressive adaptation period, food intake was determined for 12 d using the duplicate meal method and faeces and urine were collected for 10 d for further analyses. Subjects spent 36 h in one of two open-circuit whole-body calorimeters with measurements during the last 24 h. Ingestion of the polyols did not cause severe digestive disorders, except excessive gas emission, and flatulence and gurgling in some subjects. The polyols induced significant increases in wet (+45 and +66 % respectively, P<0·01) and dry (+53 and +75 % respectively, P<0·002) stool weight, resulting in a 2 % decrease in dietary energy digestibility (P<0·001). They resulted also in significant increases in sleeping (+4·1 %, P<0·03) and daily energy expenditure (+2·7 and +2·9 % respectively, P<0·02) compared with dextrose ingestion. The apparent energy digestibility of the two polyols was 0·82 and 0·79 respectively, their metabolizable energy value averaged 14·1 kJ/g DM, and their net energy value averaged 10·8 kJ/g DM, that is, 35 % less than those of sucrose and starch.

Download Full-text

Net energy value of non-starch polysaccharide isolates (sugarbeet fibre and commercial inulin) and their impact on nutrient digestive utilization in healthy human subjects

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114598001408 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 80 (4) ◽

pp. 343-352 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

C. Castiglia-Delavaud ◽

E. Verdier ◽

J. M. Besle ◽

J. Vernet ◽

Y. Boirie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Subjects ◽

Control Diet ◽

Latin Square ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Whole Body ◽

Net Energy ◽

Adaptation Period ◽

Healthy Human ◽

Energy Value ◽

Net Energy Value

The energy value of NSP has been expressed as their metabolizable energy (ME) content. The aim of the present study was to determine whether differences in ME and net energy (NE) contents were similar for insoluble and soluble NSP. Nine healthy young men were offered three diets according to a Latin-square design (3 × 3) with three repetitions: diet C (control), diet B (control + 50 g sugarbeet fibre/d) and diet I (control + 50 g commercial inulin/d). After a 16 d adaptation period to NSP isolate, food intake was controlled (duplicate meal method) and faeces and urine were collected for 8 d. A period of 60 h was devoted to measurement of energy expenditure (EE) by whole-body indirect calorimetry. NSP-isolate ingestion induced significant increases in the number of defecations and stool weight resulting from increases in water, DM and microbial mass excretion. After deduction of microbial N, differences in faecal N excretion between diets were not significantly different. Urinary N excretion was slightly decreased by sugarbeet fibre or commercial inulin ingestion but the N balances for the diets were not significantly different. Diet energy, N and lipid apparent digestibilities decreased by only 1–2 %. Commercial inulin was entirely fermented and fermentability of sugarbeet fibre averaged 0.886 (sd 0.117). Sugarbeet fibre and commercial inulin ME values averaged 10.7 (sd 1.2) and 13.0(sd 2.3) kJ/g DM respectively. NSP-isolate ingestion caused significant (sugarbeet) and nonsignificant (inulin) increases in daily EE. The maintenance NE contents of sugarbeet fibre and inulin averaged 5.0 (sd 5.0) and 11.9 (sd 1.3)kJ/g DM respectively. Differences in maintenance NE contents of NSP isolates were much greater than differences in ME values.

Download Full-text

The utilization of chopped and pelleted lucerne (Medicago sativa) by growing lambs

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn19790039 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 41 (2) ◽

pp. 297-310 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

D. J. Thomson ◽

S. B. Cammell

Keyword(s):

Medicago Sativa ◽

Protein Content ◽

Live Weight ◽

Initial Energy ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Net Energy ◽

Regression Equations ◽

Energy Value ◽

Physical Processing ◽

Net Energy Value

1. The efficiency of utilization of the dietary energy and nitrogen contained in a dried lucerne (Medicago sativa cv. Chartainvilliers) given either chopped (CL) or ground (1.96 mm screen) and pelleted (PL), was measured in a comparative slaughter experiment. Growing lambs were given equal amounts of digestible energy in the chopped or pelleted form at each at each of the three planes of nutrition for a period of 100 d.2. The initial energy, fat and protein content of both the carcass and the total body of the test lambs was estimated from regression equations between fasted (18 h) live weight and these components, derived from a group of twenty-three comparable lambs. The final energy, fat and protein content of the test lambs was determined directly by chemical analyses.3. The metabolizable energy (ME) content of the diets was derived at each plane of nutrition from measured faecal and urinary losses and estimated methane losses. The depression in ME content with grinding and pelleting the dried lucerne was small (CL 8.69 MJ/kg dry matter (DM), PL 8.42 MJ/kg DM).4. The efficiency of utilization of the ME of the dried lucerne for growth and fattening was higher (P < 0.01) when given in the ground pelleted form (0.533), than in the chopped form (0.284). The net energy value of the PL (3.5 MJ/kg DM) was higher than that of CL (2.2 MJ/kg DM).5. Thus lambs fed on PL grew faster and had a higher caracass weight gain, carcass protein and fat retention than lambs fed on CL. The composition of the carcass was not altered by the physical processing treatment.6. Digestion studies with these same CL and PL diets had shown that grinding and pelleting depressed digestion in the forestomachs and increased digestion in the small intestine compared with the chopped form. The increased efficiency of utilization of the gross energy and ME and the higher net energy value of PL was attributed primarily to a change in the site of digestion within the alimentary tract. Associated with this change was a higher value for absorbed amino acids : absorbed energy and an increased apparent absorption of methionine for lambs fed on PL. The difference in the energy costs of eating and ruminating the CL and PL was small.

Download Full-text

Evaluation of the net energy value of glucose (cerelose) and maize starch in diets for rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri)

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn19870113 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 58 (3) ◽

pp. 453-461 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

John W. Hilton ◽

James L. Atkinson ◽

Stanley J. Slinger

Keyword(s):

Rainbow Trout ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Feeding Rate ◽

Energy Content ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Salmo Gairdneri ◽

Net Energy ◽

Maize Starch ◽

The Difference ◽

Net Energy Value

1. Quadruplicate groups of rainbow trout (Sulmo gairdneri) (mean body-weight 24.9 g) were reared on six dietary treatments (practical-type diets) in a modified paired-feeding experiment for 12 weeks at 15° to determine the net energy (NE) value of starch and glucose to rainbow trout.2. Three test diets were prepared to contain (g/kg): 0 supplemented carbohydrate (diet 1), 250 maize starch (diet 2) and 250 glucose (diet 3) and were givenad lib.to the trout with the feeding rate of the glucose- and starchfed groups being monitored after each feeding. The remaining three treatments involved controlled feeding of the trout with diet 1 at 75% of the feed intake of trout reared on diets 2 and 3, so as to provide the same levels of protein and lipids without carbohydrate, and with diet 2 at 100% of the feed intake of trout reared on diet 3.3. The difference in the final carcass energy of thead lib.-fed group and the respective controlled-fed group divided by the amount of dietary glucose or starch energy consumed by the trout is the NE value for that carbohydrate.4. The determined NE value of glucose was 3.99 kJ/g and starch 2.17 kJ/g, which is 24.6 and 12.6% respectively of the gross energy values of these carbohydrates in rainbow trout.5. The results indicate that digestible energy and calculated metabolizable energy values for carbohydrates in rainbow trout overestimate the utilizable energy content of the diet.6. The determined NE values for glucose and starch in the present study should be used with caution since various factors (such as the feeding rate determined in the present study) may affect the utilization of dietary carbohydrates in rainbow trout.

Download Full-text

Plane of nutrition and starch equivalents

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600040235 ◽

1955 ◽

Vol 46 (3) ◽

pp. 292-306 ◽

Cited By ~ 65

Author(s):

K. L. Blaxter ◽

N. McC. Graham

Keyword(s):

Body Size ◽

Food Intake ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Energy Losses ◽

Food Utilization ◽

Net Energy ◽

Exponential Relationship ◽

Energy Value ◽

Energy Retention ◽

Net Energy Value

1. Experiments with two sheep are described in which energy retention was measured at different levels of food intake and the losses of energy incidental to food consumption measured.2. Attainment of reasonably stable values for energy losses occurred after 72 hr. of fast. On realimentation stable values were not attained until 10 days had elapsed. Methane production was resumed relatively slowly.3. The accuracy of the mean estimates of energy retention was high, and duplicate determinations of metabolism after lapses of time gave excellent agreement.4. It is shown that the assumption of linearity of the relationship between energy retention and food intake expressed as metabolizable energy is incorrect.5. An exponential relationship between energy retention, and food intake was employed to describe the data. This resulted in a reduction of the residual sum of squares compared with a linear regression.6. It is shown that net energy values (starch equivalents) measured by Kellner, Armsby and Forbes have entirely different meanings, and that the correction employed by Wood reflects these facts.7. The exponential relationship has been generalized to take into account body-size variation and has been examined as far as it affects concepts of efficiency of food utilization, and of nutritional plane.8. Nutritional plane has been rigidly defined in such a way that it is independent of body size and of food quality, and it enables net energy values to be predicted at other planes of nutrition once the net energy value at one nutritional plane is known.9. A simple and rational scheme for the feeding of livestock to take into account the decline in net energy value (starch equivalent) with nutritional plane has been devised.10. Analysis of the energy losses in relation to nutritional plane shows that losses of energy in faeces, urine and as heat per unit food ingested tend to rise with increasing nutritional plane. Methane losses fall. These results suggest that the prediction of net energy values from measurement of energy losses in faeces, or from estimates of metabolizable energy, can give rise to extremely unreliable results.11. The results have been discussed in relation to previous work in this field. It is pointed out that the exponential relationships employed are a convenient method of describing a very complex situation and facilitating its analysis.

Download Full-text

Digestible cell wall and undigested cellular contents of two grasses of low net energy value for growing cattle

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600055210 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 99 (1) ◽

pp. 207-208 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

K. W. Moir

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Organic Matter ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Total Cell ◽

Net Energy ◽

Previous Evidence ◽

Energy Value ◽

A Value ◽

Net Energy Value ◽

Range Of Values

SUMMARYIn two grasses of low net energy value for growth and fattening of cattle, digestible cell-wall values were close to 40% of forage organic matter (OM), similar to the expected value for grass. A value of 14% of forage OM for apparently undigested cellular contents in both grasses was just outside the range of values for grass. The data supported previous evidence that total cell wall is the only value that can be used at present to define grass in terms of its digestible dry matter.

Download Full-text

The net energy value of diets for growth in pigs in relation to the fermentative processes in the digestive tract and the site of absorption of the nutrients

Livestock Production Science ◽

10.1016/0301-6226(83)90033-7 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 171-186 ◽

Cited By ~ 103

Author(s):

Arnold Just ◽

JoséA Fernández ◽

Henry Jørgensen

Keyword(s):

Digestive Tract ◽

Net Energy ◽

Energy Value ◽

Net Energy Value ◽

Site Of Absorption

Download Full-text

The digestible energy, metabolizable energy, and net energy content of dietary fat sources in thirteen- and fifty-kilogram pigs1

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.2527/jas.2017.1824 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 95 (9) ◽

pp. 3984-3995

Author(s):

T. A. Kellner ◽

J. F. Patience

Keyword(s):

Dietary Fat ◽

Energy Content ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Net Energy ◽

Digestible Energy

Download Full-text

Energy content of intact and heat-treated dry extruded-expelled soybean meal fed to growing pigs

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab131 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Bonjin Koo ◽

Olumide Adeshakin ◽

Charles Martin Nyachoti

Keyword(s):

Heat Production ◽

Soybean Meal ◽

Energy Content ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Growing Pigs ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Energy Utilization ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Net Energy ◽

Heat Treated

Abstract An experiment was performed to evaluate the energy content of extruded-expelled soybean meal (EESBM) and the effects of heat treatment on energy utilization in growing pigs. Eighteen growing barrows (18.03 ± 0.61 kg initial body weight) were individually housed in metabolism crates and randomly allotted to one of three dietary treatments (six replicates/treatment). The three experimental diets were: a corn-soybean meal-based basal diet and two test diets with simple substitution of a basal diet with intact EESBM or heat-treated EESBM (heat-EESBM) at a 7:3 ratio. Intact EESBM was autoclaved at 121°C for 60 min to make heat-treated EESBM. Pigs were fed the experimental diets for 16 d, including 10 d for adaptation and 6 d for total collection of feces and urine. Pigs were then moved into indirect calorimetry chambers to determine 24-h heat production and 12-h fasting heat production. The energy content of EESBM was calculated using the difference method. Data were analyzed using the Mixed procedure of SAS with the individual pig as the experimental unit. Pigs fed heat-EESBM diets showed lower (P < 0.05) apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter (DM), gross energy, and nitrogen than those fed intact EESBM. A trend (P ≤ 0.10) was observed for greater heat increments in pigs fed intact EESBM than those fed heat-EESBM. This resulted in intact EESBM having greater (P < 0.05) digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) contents than heat-EESBM. However, no difference was observed in net energy (NE) contents between intact EESBM and heat-EESBM, showing a tendency (P ≤ 0.10) toward an increase in NE/ME efficiency in heat-EESBM, but comparable NE contents between intact and heat-EESBM. In conclusion, respective values of DE, ME, and NE are 4,591 kcal/kg, 4,099 kcal/kg, and 3,189 kcal/kg in intact EESBM on a DM basis. It is recommended to use NE values of feedstuffs that are exposed to heat for accurate diet formulation.

Download Full-text

PSIII-1 Nutritive value of expeller-pressed carinata cake for pigs

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz122.303 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 171-172 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tofuko A Woyengo

Keyword(s):

Nutritive Value ◽

Direct Method ◽

Latin Square ◽

Growing Pigs ◽

Net Energy ◽

Oilseed Crop ◽

Energy Value ◽

Ileal Digestibility ◽

Livestock Feeding ◽

Net Energy Value

Abstract Carinata (Brasicca carinata) is an oilseed crop of brassica family that is grown for production of oil for biofuel industry. Expeller-pressed carinata cake (EPCAR), a co-product from carinata seed oil extraction plants, is available for livestock feeding. However, nutritive value of EPCAR for pigs has not been reported. Objective of this study was to determine standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) and net energy value of EPCAR for growing pigs. Eight ileal-cannulated barrows (initial BW = 33 kg) were fed 3 diets in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design with 2 added columns to give 8 replicates/diet. The diets were cornstarch-based, containing expeller-pressed canola cake (EPCAN) or EPCAR as sole protein source, and N-free. The EPCAN was included in the study for comparison because it is derived from canola, which is the most widely used crop of Brassica family for oil production. Digestibility of AA in feedstuffs was determined by the direct method. Energy digestibility in EPCAN and EPCAR was determined by difference from the N-free diet. On DM basis, EPCAN and EPCAR contained 39.6 and 50.2% CP, 20.7 and 26.8% NDF, 16.0 and 0.88% ether extract, 2.32 and 1.82% lysine, 0.74 and 0.96% methionine, 1.63 and 1.89% threonine, and 0.50 and 0.64% tryptophan, respectively. The EPCAN compared with EPCAR, had greater (PPP = 0.078) in SID of threonine. The EPCAN had greater (P < 0.05) net energy value than EPCAN (2,082 vs. 1,576 kcal/kg DM). In conclusion, EPCAR lower energy value than EPCAN. However, EPCAR had greater SID of most AA than EPCAN; therefore, EPCAR can serve as alternative oilseed co-product feedstuff for pigs.

Download Full-text