scholarly journals The absorption of vitamin E is influenced by the amount of fat in a meal and the food matrix

2004 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 575-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne M. Jeanes ◽  
Wendy L. Hall ◽  
Susan Ellard ◽  
Elizabeth Lee ◽  
John K. Lodge
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Tocopheryl Acetate ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Food Matrix ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Tocopherol Concentration ◽  
Skimmed Milk

Vitamin E absorption requires the presence of fat; however, limited information exists on the influence of fat quantity on optimal absorption. In the present study we compared the absorption of stable-isotope-labelled vitamin E following meals of varying fat content and source. In a randomised four-way cross-over study, eight healthy individuals consumed a capsule containing 150 mg 2H-labelled RRR-α-tocopheryl acetate with a test meal of toast with butter (17·5 g fat), cereal with full-fat milk (17·5 g fat), cereal with semi-skimmed milk (2·7 g fat) and water (0 g fat). Blood was taken at 0, 0·5, 1, 1·5, 2, 3, 6 and 9 h following ingestion, chylomicrons were isolated, and 2H-labelled α-tocopherol was analysed in the chylomicron and plasma samples. There was a significant time (P<0·001) and treatment effect (P<0·001) in 2H-labelled α-tocopherol concentration in both chylomicrons and plasma between the test meals. 2H-labelled α-tocopherol concentration was significantly greater with the higher-fat toast and butter meal compared with the low-fat cereal meal or water (P<0·001), and a trend towards greater concentration compared with the high-fat cereal meal (P=0·065). There was significantly greater 2H-labelled α-tocopherol concentration with the high-fat cereal meal compared with the low-fat cereal meal (P<0·05). The 2H-labelled α-tocopherol concentration following either the low-fat cereal meal or water was low. These results demonstrate that both the amount of fat and the food matrix influence vitamin E absorption. These factors should be considered by consumers and for future vitamin E intervention studies.

scholarly journals Vitamin E incorporated into a very-low-fat meal is absorbed from the intestine of young rats

1996 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 939-948 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth J. Brink ◽  
Edward Haddeman ◽  
Lilian B. M. Tijburg
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Dietary Lipids ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Tocopheryl Acetate ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Fat Meal

Vegetable fats and oils are major sources of dietary vitamin E. Consequently the current trend to reduce fat consumption is accompanied by a reduction of the intake of vitamin E. In addition, the absorption of vitamin E is thought to be dependent on the hydroiysis of dietary lipids in the small intestine. It is therefore conceivable that a lower dietary fat intake also diminishes the intestinal absorption of vitamin E. The present 3-week feeding study in young male rats was designed to investigate whether different concentrations of vitamin E added to a very-low-fat product (0, 330 or 1350mgdl-α-tocopheryl acetate/kg product) were absorbed. We therefore incorporated these products into a very-low-fat meal (final fat concentration: 7 g/kg) or a low-fat meal containing 52 g fat/kg. The magnitude of vitamin E absorption from these meals was compared with that from meals containing similar amounts of vitamin E, but a high fat concentration of 190 g/kg. Apparent vitamin E absorption was defined as intake of α- tocopherol equivalents (αTE) minus faecal αTE excretion over 4 d during week 3 of the experimental period. The results of this study showed that apparent absorption of vitamin E from a very-low-fat meal varied, depending on the vitamin E concentration, from 73 to 83%. The magnitude of this vitamin E absorption was not significantly different from that from meals containing a high amount of fat. Liver vitamin E status was equal in rats fed on the very-low-fat meals compared with those fed on the high- fat meals. We conclude that, when very-low-fat or low-fat products are used as a replacement for full- fat products, addition of vitamin E to these products, asdl-α-tocopheryl acetate, might be useful in meeting the vitamin E requirements.

Survival of Salmonella enterica Serotype Tennessee during Simulated Gastric Passage Is Improved by Low Water Activity and High Fat Content

2013 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
BRYAN AVILES ◽  
COURTNEY KLOTZ ◽  
TWYLA SMITH ◽  
ROBERT WILLIAMS ◽  
MONICA PONDER
Keyword(s):  
Water Activity ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Peanut Butter ◽  
Gastric Fluid ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Simulated Gastric Fluid ◽  
Food Matrix ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Infectious Dose

The low water activity (aw 0.3) of peanut butter prohibits the growth of Salmonella in a product; however, illnesses are reported from peanut butter contaminated with very small doses, suggesting the food matrix itself influences the infectious dose of Salmonella, potentially by improving Salmonella's survival in the gastrointestinal tract. The purpose of our study was to quantify the survival of a peanut butter outbreak–associated strain of Salmonella enterica serotype Tennessee when inoculated into peanut butters with different fat contents and aw (high fat, high aw; high fat, low aw; low fat, high aw; low fat, low aw) and then challenged with a simulated gastrointestinal system. Exposures to increased fat content and decreased aw both were associated with a protective effect on the survival of Salmonella Tennessee in the simulated gastric fluid compared with control cells. After a simulated intestinal phase, the populations of Salmonella Tennessee in the control and low-fat formulations were not significantly different; however, a 2-log CFU/g increase occurred in high-fat formulations. This study demonstrates that cross-protection from low-aw stress and the presence of high fat results in improved survival in the low pH of the stomach. The potential for interaction of food matrix and stress adaptations could influence the virulence of Salmonella and should be considered for risk analysis.

α-Tocopherol concentration and stereoisomer composition in plasma and milk from dairy cows fed natural or synthetic vitamin E around calving

2006 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo E Meglia ◽  
Søren K Jensen ◽  
Charlotte Lauridsen ◽  
Karin Persson Waller
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Tocopheryl Acetate ◽  
Tocopherol Concentration ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Oral Supplementation ◽  
Periparturient Period ◽  
The Individual

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of supplementing dairy cows with 1000 IU/day of all-rac-α-tocopheryl acetate (SynAc), RRR-α-tocopheryl acetate (NatAc), or RRR-α-tocopherol (NatAlc), from approximately 3 weeks before estimated calving until 2 weeks after calving, on the concentration of α-tocopherol and its stereoisomers (RRR-, RSS-, RRS-, RSR- and the four 2S-forms of α-tocopherol) in blood and milk. An unsupplemented group was included as control. Blood samples were collected at 3, 2 and 1 weeks before estimated calving, at calving, and 3, 7 and 14 days after calving, while milk samples were taken twice within 24 h after calving and at 7 and 14 days in milk. Overall, time and treatment had significant effects on plasma α-tocopherol with higher concentrations in NatAc than in the other groups. In addition, SynAc had higher concentrations than Control, and NatAlc tended to be higher than Control. The lowest plasma concentrations were observed at calving and 3 days after calving. Independent of treatment, the concentration was higher in colostrum than in milk day 7 and 14 after calving. Analyses of the stereoisomer distribution in plasma and milk showed that, irrespective of dietary treatment, RRR-α-tocopherol was the most predominant form, constituting more than 86%, whereas the remaining part of α-tocopherol was made up by the three synthetic 2R isomers, while the 2S isomers only contributed less than 1% of the total α-tocopherol. In control cows and cows supplemented with natural vitamin E, the proportion of RRR-α-tocopherol in plasma and milk constituted more than 98% of the total α-tocopherol. In conclusion, the results indicate that daily oral supplementation of dairy cows with RRR-α-tocopheryl acetate gives the highest blood concentrations of α-tocopherol in the periparturient period. Analyses of the distribution of the individual stereoisomers of α-tocopherol further indicate that the bioavailability of RRR-α-tocopherol relative to synthetic stereoisomers in cattle is considerably higher than officially accepted until now.

scholarly journals α-Tocopherol in breast milk of women with preterm delivery after a single postpartum oral dose of vitamin E

2016 ◽  
Vol 115 (8) ◽  
pp. 1424-1430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeane Franco Pires Medeiros ◽  
Karla Danielly da Silva Ribeiro ◽  
Mayara Santa Rosa Lima ◽  
Renata Alexandra Moreira das Neves ◽  
Amanda Cibely Pinheiro Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Tocopheryl Acetate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mature Milk ◽  
Tocopherol Concentration

AbstractWe evaluated the effect of maternal vitamin E supplementation on the α-tocopherol concentrations of colostrum, transitional milk and mature milk of women who had given birth prematurely. This longitudinal randomised-controlled trial divided eighty-nine women into two groups: a control group and a supplemented group. Blood and breast milk were collected from all the participants after delivery. Next, each woman in the supplemented group received 400 IU of RRR-α-tocopheryl acetate. Further breast milk samples were collected 24 h after the first collection, as well as 7 and 30 d after delivery. α-Tocopherol concentrations were determined by HPLC. The baseline α-tocopherol concentrations in the maternal serum of the two groups were similar: 1159·8 (sd 292·4) μg/dl (27·0 (SD 6·8) μmol/l) for the control group and 1128·3 (sd 407·2) μg/dl (26·2 (SD 9·5) μmol/l) for the supplemented group. None of the women was vitamin E deficient. Breast milk α-tocopherol concentrations increased by 60 % 24 h after supplementation in the intervention group and did not increase at all in the control group. α-Tocopherol concentration of the transitional milk in the supplemented group was 35 % higher compared with the control group. α-Tocopherol concentrations of the mature milk in both groups were similar. Maternal supplementation with 400 IU of RRR-α-tocopherol increased the vitamin E concentrations of the colostrum and transitional milk, but not of the mature milk. This study presents relevant information for the design of strategies to prevent and combat vitamin E deficiency in the risk group of preterm infants.

scholarly journals Three consecutive weeks of nutritional ketosis has no effect on cognitive function, sleep, and mood compared with a high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet in healthy individuals: a randomized, crossover, controlled trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
pp. 349-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stella Iacovides ◽  
David Goble ◽  
Bronwyn Paterson ◽  
Rebecca M Meiring
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Visual Learning ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Cohen’S D ◽  
Cohen's D

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe high-fat ketogenic diet (KD) has become an increasingly popular diet not only in overweight/obese populations, or those with clinical conditions, but also in healthy non-overweight populations.ObjectiveBecause there are concerns about the association between high-fat diets and cognitive decline, this study aimed to determine the effects of a KD compared with an isocaloric high-carbohydrate, low-fat (HCLF) diet on cognitive function, sleep, and mood in healthy, normal-weight individuals.MethodsEleven healthy, normal-weight participants (mean age: 30 ± 9 y) completed this randomized, controlled, crossover study. Participants followed 2 isocaloric diets—an HCLF diet (55% carbohydrate, 20% fat, and 25% protein) and a KD (15% carbohydrate, 60% fat, and 25% protein)—in a randomized order for a minimum of 3 wk, with a 1-wk washout period between diets. Measures of β-hydroxybutyrate confirmed that all participants were in a state of nutritional ketosis during post-KD assessments (baseline: 0.2 ± 0.2 mmol/L; KD: 1.0 ± 0.5 mmol/L; washout: 0.2 ± 0.1 mmol/L; and HCLF: 0.3 ± 0.2 mmol/L). Cognitive function was assessed using a validated, psychological computer-based test battery before and after each diet. Subjective measures of mood and sleep were also monitored throughout the study using validated scales.ResultsThree weeks of sustained nutritional ketosis, compared with the HCLF diet, had no effect on speed and accuracy responses in tasks designed to measure vigilance (speed: P = 0.39, Cohen's d = 0.26; accuracy: P = 0.99, Cohen's d = 0.04), visual learning and memory (speed: P = 0.99, Cohen's d = 0.04; accuracy: P = 0.99, Cohen's d = 0.03), working memory (speed: P = 0.62, Cohen's d = 0.26; accuracy: P = 0.98, Cohen's d = 0.07), and executive function (speed: P = 0.60, Cohen's d = 0.31; accuracy: P = 0.90, Cohen's d = 0.19). Likewise, mood, sleep quality, and morning vigilance did not differ (P > 0.05) between the dietary interventions.ConclusionThe results of our randomized, crossover, controlled study suggest that 3 wk of sustained nutritional ketosis had no effect on cognitive performance, mood, or subjective sleep quality in a sample of healthy individuals. This trial was registered in the Pan African Clinical Trial Registry as PACTR201707002406306.

Dose-response effect of dietary vitamin E concentration on meat quality characteristics in light-weight lambs

2001 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.J. López-Bote ◽  
A. Daza ◽  
M. Soares ◽  
E. Berges
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Tocopheryl Acetate ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
Tocopherol Concentration ◽  
Quadratic Effect ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Line Analysis

AbstractThe research was carried out to evaluate the effect of different dietary α-tocopheryl acetate (DTA) concentrations in light-weight lambs on muscle α-tocopherol accumulation and on quality characteristics of stored meats. Thirty-two Manchego lambs were randomly distributed to four groups and given diets containing four levels of DTA (20, 270, 520 and 1020 mg/kg diet) for 6 weeks. Lambs were slaughtered at live weights ranging from 23·5 to 26·4 kg. A linear (P < 0·001) and quadratic (P < 0·001) effect of dietary supplementation level was observed on muscular α-tocopherol concentration, which fitted the following equation: mg muscle α-tocopherol per kg muscle = 1·78(s.e. 0·18) + 7·08 (s.e.0·89)(1 - e00012DTA)) (P < 0·001, R2 = 0·99). There was a linear effect (P < 0·001) of muscle vitamin E concentration on thiobarbituric acid reactive substance on day 0 of storage, but a linear plus quadratic effect (P < 0·001) on days 3, 6 and 9. Broken line analysis of data at day 9 of storage indicated a target muscle α-tocopherol concentration of 5·4 mg/kg. Evolution of surface redness of lamb chops also showed a linear and quadratic effect of dietary treatment on days 3 and 6 of storage, but only a linear effect on day 9. Broken line analysis of data at 3 and 6 days indicated a target α-tocopherol concentration in the range 5·3 to 5·6 mg/kg muscle for optimum red colour stability. Surface luminosity showed no effect of dietary treatment at days 0, 3 and 6 of storage but a linear (P < 0·01) plus quadratic (P < 0·05) effect on day 9 of storage. Broken line analysis at this point indicated a target muscle α-tocopherol concentration of 3·2 mg/kg. It is concluded that the effectiveness of dietary α-tocopheryl acetate supplementation depends on the meat quality attribute assessed. A significant positive effect for lipid oxidation can be reached even at the lower supplementation level utilized in this experiment (270 mg/kg diet). However, considering the protecting effect at different storage times and particularly the effect on meat surface redness, the optimum level would be in the range 5·3 to 5·6 mg/kg muscle, which correspond to a dietary inclusion of 550 to 625 mg α-tocopheryl acetate/kg diet.

Effect of supplemental vitamin E and selenium in the diet on vitamin E and selenium levels and control of oxidized flavor in milk from Holstein cows

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 453-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Charmley ◽  
J. W. G. Nicholson ◽  
J. A. Zee
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Tocopheryl Acetate ◽  
Tocopherol Concentration ◽  
Supplemental Vitamin ◽  
And Control ◽  
Key Words Vitamin E

Twenty-four mid-lactation Holstein cows of mixed parity were used in a 2 × 2 factorial design to examine the effects of vitamin E and Se supplementation on performance, levels of anti-oxidants in milk and resistance of milk to oxidation. Only a proportion of cows (25%) produced milk susceptible to oxidation; however, there was a trend (P = 0.11) toward reduced oxidized flavor when vitamin E was given. Milk production was increased when either vitamin E or Se were given alone (P = 0.056). Supplementation with 8000 IU dl-α-tocopheryl acetate d−1 approximately doubled α-tocopherol concentration in blood and milk (P < 0.001). Se supplementation with Se-enriched yeast at 5 mg d−1 increased Se levels in milk from 13.2 to 34.7 μg L−1 (P < 0.001). Key words: Vitamin E, tocopherol, selenium, milk, oxidized flavor, cow

Measurement of Oxidation in Fish Oil and its Effect on Vitamin E Nutrition of Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri)

1980 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 1248-1253 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. O. Hung ◽  
C. Y. Cho ◽  
S. J. Slinger
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Tocopheryl Acetate ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Tocopherol Concentration ◽  
Oxidized Oil ◽  
Long Term Storage

Peroxide value (PV), anisidine value, and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) number were compared as methods for measuring oxidation in fish oils and fish diets. PV was the method of choice for estimating oxidation in the oil. Methods for measuring moderately oxidized oil after being mixed in the diets are discussed. Analyses of dietary samples revealed that the TBA numbers and percentages of polyunsaturated fatty acids were not greatly altered by the addition of moderately oxidized fish oil and by the long-term storage (24 wk) of the diet at room temperature. However, endogenous α-tocopherol levels in the diet were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced by both the addition of moderately oxidized oil and by 24-wk storage. The level of supplemental DL-α-tocopheryl acetate was not changed by the treatments. Fish fed the experimental diets showed no significant differences in body weight gain, feed/gain ratio, mortality, carcass composition, hematocrit, or plasma glutathione peroxidase activity. However, the α-tocopherol concentration in their livers was significantly (P < 0.05) increased by raising the levels of supplementary DL-α-tocopheryl acetate.Key words: oxidized oil, vitamin E, diet stability, Salmo gairdneri

scholarly journals Tissue Vitamin E Status Is Compromised by Dietary Protein Insufficiency in Young Growing Rats

1994 ◽  
Vol 124 (4) ◽  
pp. 571-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ching-Jang Huang ◽  
Huey-Mei Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Tocopheryl Acetate ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Tocopherol Concentration ◽  
Growing Rats ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Tissue Vitamin ◽  
Vitamin E Status

Abstract In vitro erythrocyte hemolysis previously has been found to be significantly elevated in rats fed a low protein diet. To investigate the effects of dietary protein insufficiency on tissue vitamin E status, four groups of male weanling Long-Evans rats were given free access to either an 8% (wt/wt) lactalbumin diet containing 50 (L50) or 500 (L500) mg/kg diet of all-rac-α-tocopheryl acetate, or a 20% (wt/wt) lactalbumin diet containing 50 (N50) or 500 (N500) mg/kg of all-rac-α-tocopheryl acetate for 6 wk. A fifth group (P50) was pair-fed to the L50 group with the N50 diet. The L50 and L500 groups showed signs of protein malnutrition such as growth retardation as well as lower hematocrit and plasma protein and albumin concentrations. The α-tocopherol concentrations of plasma, heart, lung, kidney and muscle were significantly lower in the L50 group compared with the N50 group. The L500 group showed significantly less α-tocopherol in heart, kidney, muscle, brain and adipose tissue compared with the N500 group. The α-tocopherol concentrations in liver, testis, spleen and adrenal gland did not significantly differ either between the L50 and N50 groups or between the L500 and N500 groups. Supplementation with 500 mg/kg diet of all-rac-α-tocopheryl acetate resulted in significantly higher tissue α-tocopherol concentration in all tissues except muscle. The tissue α-tocopherol concentrations of the P50 group were not significantly different from those of the N50 group. The results indicated that protein insufficiency resulted in significantly lower α-tocopherol concentrations in most tissues in young growing rats.

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