Effect of supplemental vitamin E and selenium in the diet on vitamin E and selenium levels and control of oxidized flavor in milk from Holstein cows

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 453-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Charmley ◽  
J. W. G. Nicholson ◽  
J. A. Zee
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Tocopheryl Acetate ◽  
Tocopherol Concentration ◽  
Supplemental Vitamin ◽  
And Control ◽  
Key Words Vitamin E

Twenty-four mid-lactation Holstein cows of mixed parity were used in a 2 × 2 factorial design to examine the effects of vitamin E and Se supplementation on performance, levels of anti-oxidants in milk and resistance of milk to oxidation. Only a proportion of cows (25%) produced milk susceptible to oxidation; however, there was a trend (P = 0.11) toward reduced oxidized flavor when vitamin E was given. Milk production was increased when either vitamin E or Se were given alone (P = 0.056). Supplementation with 8000 IU dl-α-tocopheryl acetate d−1 approximately doubled α-tocopherol concentration in blood and milk (P < 0.001). Se supplementation with Se-enriched yeast at 5 mg d−1 increased Se levels in milk from 13.2 to 34.7 μg L−1 (P < 0.001). Key words: Vitamin E, tocopherol, selenium, milk, oxidized flavor, cow

Reduced level of creatine kinase in the plasma of Holstein cows supplemented with d-α-tocopherol acetate

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-149
Author(s):  
M. V. Simpson ◽  
M. Hidiroglou ◽  
T. R. Batra ◽  
X. Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Tocopherol Acetate ◽  
Plasma Creatine Kinase ◽  
Key Words Vitamin E

The effects of daily supplementation of 1000 IU of either d-α-tocopherol acetate or dl-α-tocopherol acetate to Holstein cows from drying off to 8 wk post-partum on plasma creatine kinase and selenium levels in plasma and red blood cells were studied. Supplementation with either d-α-tocopherol acetate or dl-α-tocopherol acetate showed no effect on selenium levels in both plasma and red blood cells. However, supplementation with d-α-tocopherol acetate, but not dl-α-tocopherol acetate decreased plasma creatine kinase significantly (P < 0.05) prior to parturition. Key words: Vitamin E, creatine kinase, selenium

Injectable α-tocopherol for control of oxidized flavour in milk from dairy cows

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 381-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Charmley ◽  
J. W. G. Nicholson
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Tocopheryl Acetate ◽  
Tocopherol Concentration ◽  
Oral Supplementation ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Commercial Farms ◽  
Quadratic Response ◽  
Control Milk ◽  
And Control

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the use of intramuscular injections of d-α-tocopherol for control of spontaneous oxidized flavour (SOF) in milk. In exp. 1, 12 mid-lactation dairy cows were either not injected or given an intramuscular injection of 1500 or 3000 IU α-tocopherol on days 1, 8 and 15 of a 29-d experiment. Peak blood plasma and milk α-tocopherol levels were observed 1 and 3 d, respectively, after injection. In plasma there was a quadratic response (P = 0.02) in maximum α-tocopherol concentration to the level of α-tocopherol injected, but in milk the response was linear (P < 0.01). Milk fat concentration increased as level of α-tocopherol injected was increased (P < 0.01). Approximately 5% of the injected dose was excreted in milk over the 7 d following injection. In exp. 2, four commercial farms with a SOF problem in milk were used to test the efficacy of injectable α-tocopherol for control of SOF. Prior to the trial, cows with milk susceptible to oxidation were younger (P = 0.04), were at an earlier stage of lactation (P = 0.03) and tended to give more milk (P = 0.08). All cows were given an oral supplmement of 3000 IU dl-α-tocopheryl acetate per day and half were injected with 3000 IU α-tocopherol. Injection reduced the intensity of oxidized flavour (week 1, P < 0.01; week 2, P = 0.09) and elevated the levels of α-tocopherol in milk for up to 2 wk after injection (P < 0.01). α-Tocopherol injected intramuscularly can increase α-tocopherol levels in milk within 3 d and control milk oxidation. Subsequent oral supplementation can prolong these benefits. Key words: Oxidized milk, tocopherol, flavour, dairy cow

α-Tocopherol concentration and stereoisomer composition in plasma and milk from dairy cows fed natural or synthetic vitamin E around calving

2006 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo E Meglia ◽  
Søren K Jensen ◽  
Charlotte Lauridsen ◽  
Karin Persson Waller
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Tocopheryl Acetate ◽  
Tocopherol Concentration ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Oral Supplementation ◽  
Periparturient Period ◽  
The Individual

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of supplementing dairy cows with 1000 IU/day of all-rac-α-tocopheryl acetate (SynAc), RRR-α-tocopheryl acetate (NatAc), or RRR-α-tocopherol (NatAlc), from approximately 3 weeks before estimated calving until 2 weeks after calving, on the concentration of α-tocopherol and its stereoisomers (RRR-, RSS-, RRS-, RSR- and the four 2S-forms of α-tocopherol) in blood and milk. An unsupplemented group was included as control. Blood samples were collected at 3, 2 and 1 weeks before estimated calving, at calving, and 3, 7 and 14 days after calving, while milk samples were taken twice within 24 h after calving and at 7 and 14 days in milk. Overall, time and treatment had significant effects on plasma α-tocopherol with higher concentrations in NatAc than in the other groups. In addition, SynAc had higher concentrations than Control, and NatAlc tended to be higher than Control. The lowest plasma concentrations were observed at calving and 3 days after calving. Independent of treatment, the concentration was higher in colostrum than in milk day 7 and 14 after calving. Analyses of the stereoisomer distribution in plasma and milk showed that, irrespective of dietary treatment, RRR-α-tocopherol was the most predominant form, constituting more than 86%, whereas the remaining part of α-tocopherol was made up by the three synthetic 2R isomers, while the 2S isomers only contributed less than 1% of the total α-tocopherol. In control cows and cows supplemented with natural vitamin E, the proportion of RRR-α-tocopherol in plasma and milk constituted more than 98% of the total α-tocopherol. In conclusion, the results indicate that daily oral supplementation of dairy cows with RRR-α-tocopheryl acetate gives the highest blood concentrations of α-tocopherol in the periparturient period. Analyses of the distribution of the individual stereoisomers of α-tocopherol further indicate that the bioavailability of RRR-α-tocopherol relative to synthetic stereoisomers in cattle is considerably higher than officially accepted until now.

scholarly journals The absorption of vitamin E is influenced by the amount of fat in a meal and the food matrix

2004 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 575-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne M. Jeanes ◽  
Wendy L. Hall ◽  
Susan Ellard ◽  
Elizabeth Lee ◽  
John K. Lodge
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Tocopheryl Acetate ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Food Matrix ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Tocopherol Concentration ◽  
Skimmed Milk

Vitamin E absorption requires the presence of fat; however, limited information exists on the influence of fat quantity on optimal absorption. In the present study we compared the absorption of stable-isotope-labelled vitamin E following meals of varying fat content and source. In a randomised four-way cross-over study, eight healthy individuals consumed a capsule containing 150 mg 2H-labelled RRR-α-tocopheryl acetate with a test meal of toast with butter (17·5 g fat), cereal with full-fat milk (17·5 g fat), cereal with semi-skimmed milk (2·7 g fat) and water (0 g fat). Blood was taken at 0, 0·5, 1, 1·5, 2, 3, 6 and 9 h following ingestion, chylomicrons were isolated, and 2H-labelled α-tocopherol was analysed in the chylomicron and plasma samples. There was a significant time (P<0·001) and treatment effect (P<0·001) in 2H-labelled α-tocopherol concentration in both chylomicrons and plasma between the test meals. 2H-labelled α-tocopherol concentration was significantly greater with the higher-fat toast and butter meal compared with the low-fat cereal meal or water (P<0·001), and a trend towards greater concentration compared with the high-fat cereal meal (P=0·065). There was significantly greater 2H-labelled α-tocopherol concentration with the high-fat cereal meal compared with the low-fat cereal meal (P<0·05). The 2H-labelled α-tocopherol concentration following either the low-fat cereal meal or water was low. These results demonstrate that both the amount of fat and the food matrix influence vitamin E absorption. These factors should be considered by consumers and for future vitamin E intervention studies.

Determination of Vitamin E in Foods and Feeds—A Collaborative Study

1971 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley R Ames
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Tocopheryl Acetate ◽  
Weighted Mean ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Supplemental Vitamin ◽  
Reducing Substances ◽  
Official Procedure

Abstract A collaborative study was conducted to evaluate a method for the determination of vitamin E in foods and feeds. Both the naturally occurring and the supplemental vitamin E are extracted from the sample by the appropriate procedure, the lipid residue is saponified, and α-tocopherol is isolated by TLC and determined colorimetrically. To determine supplemental a-tocopheryl acetate specifically, the sample is extracted by the appropriate procedure, reducing substances including natural atocopherol are removed by oxidative chromatography, the a-tocopheryl acetate is saponified, and the resulting a-tocopherol is determined colorimetrically. These assays for vitamin E in foods and feeds are neither rapid nor easy and considerable skill is required to obtain reliable results. Data reported by 7 collaborators on 7 samples indicate that the standard deviation among laboratories is not significant for the determination of total α-tocopherol but is significant for the determination of supplemental a-tocopheryl acetate. The weighted mean coefficients of variation were 11.0% for the determination of total a-tocopherol and 7.0% for the determination of supplemental a-tocopheryl acetate. Since an official procedure for the determination of vitamin E in foods and feeds is needed and since most laboratories were successful in carrying out the procedure, the Associate Referee recommends that the method as modified be adopted as official first action.

scholarly journals α-Tocopherol in breast milk of women with preterm delivery after a single postpartum oral dose of vitamin E

2016 ◽  
Vol 115 (8) ◽  
pp. 1424-1430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeane Franco Pires Medeiros ◽  
Karla Danielly da Silva Ribeiro ◽  
Mayara Santa Rosa Lima ◽  
Renata Alexandra Moreira das Neves ◽  
Amanda Cibely Pinheiro Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Tocopheryl Acetate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mature Milk ◽  
Tocopherol Concentration

AbstractWe evaluated the effect of maternal vitamin E supplementation on the α-tocopherol concentrations of colostrum, transitional milk and mature milk of women who had given birth prematurely. This longitudinal randomised-controlled trial divided eighty-nine women into two groups: a control group and a supplemented group. Blood and breast milk were collected from all the participants after delivery. Next, each woman in the supplemented group received 400 IU of RRR-α-tocopheryl acetate. Further breast milk samples were collected 24 h after the first collection, as well as 7 and 30 d after delivery. α-Tocopherol concentrations were determined by HPLC. The baseline α-tocopherol concentrations in the maternal serum of the two groups were similar: 1159·8 (sd 292·4) μg/dl (27·0 (SD 6·8) μmol/l) for the control group and 1128·3 (sd 407·2) μg/dl (26·2 (SD 9·5) μmol/l) for the supplemented group. None of the women was vitamin E deficient. Breast milk α-tocopherol concentrations increased by 60 % 24 h after supplementation in the intervention group and did not increase at all in the control group. α-Tocopherol concentration of the transitional milk in the supplemented group was 35 % higher compared with the control group. α-Tocopherol concentrations of the mature milk in both groups were similar. Maternal supplementation with 400 IU of RRR-α-tocopherol increased the vitamin E concentrations of the colostrum and transitional milk, but not of the mature milk. This study presents relevant information for the design of strategies to prevent and combat vitamin E deficiency in the risk group of preterm infants.

Procedure for analysis of α-tocopherol acetate in bovine ruminal fluid

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 391-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. McDiarmid ◽  
W. Majak ◽  
K.-J. Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Rapid Analysis ◽  
Ester Hydrolysis ◽  
Ruminal Fluid ◽  
Tocopherol Acetate ◽  
Key Words Vitamin E ◽  
Forage Diets

A procedure was developed for the rapid analysis of vitamin E in bovine ruminal fluid. α-Tocopherol acetate (20 ppm) was not degraded in vitro nor was there evidence of ester hydrolysis when it was incubated for 24 h in ruminal fluid from cattle fed three forage diets. Key words: Vitamin E, α-tocopherol acetate, ruminal fluid, cattle

The effect of dietary vitamin E and controlled atmosphere packaging on the storage life of beef

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. G. Greer ◽  
S. D. M. Jones ◽  
B. D. Dilts ◽  
W. M. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Muscle Quality ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Tocopherol Concentration ◽  
Postmortem Aging ◽  
Retail Conditions ◽  
Vacuum Storage ◽  
Key Words Vitamin E

The effects of dietary vitamin E upon colour, bacteriology and case life of beef was examined following extended storage of longissimus thoracis (LT) muscle in vacuum or in anoxic atmospheres containing 100% CO2 The diets of treated steers were supplemented with 1000 IU of vitamin E animal−1 d−1 for 100 d. Animals were slaughtered in a research abattoir and after 24 h of postmortem aging the LT muscles were removed and assignedto a packaging treatment for storage for up to 11 wk at 2 °C. Rib-eye steaks were cut and displayed under simulated retail conditions to give a surface temperature of 6 °C after storage intervals of 0, 3, 6, 9 and 11 wk. Feeding treatment had no effect (P > 0.05) upon standard carcass and muscle quality traits or bacterial growth but increased carcass α-tocopherol levels from 2.89 µg g−1 in control animals to 5.18 µg g−1 in carcasses supplemented with vitamin E (P < 0.0001). The α-tocopherol concentration in LT muscles was unaffected (P > 0.05) by storage time for up to 11 wk in either packaging treatment. Dietary vitamin E increased a* values and reduced metmyoglobin accumulation after LT storage for up to 11 wk irrespective of package atmosphere. However, dietary vitamin E had no significant effect (P > 0.05) on the colour case life of steaks derived from the LT muscle after vacuum storage for 3 to 11 wk. Contrarily, vitamin E acted synergistically with the CO2 packaging treatment to produce an increase in colour case life from 2.7 (control) to 5.4 d (vitamin E) after 6 wk of LT storage and from 2.4 (control) to 4.0 d (vitamin E) after 9 wk of LT storage (P < 0.0001). In combination with anoxic, CO2 packaging, dietary vitamin E may play a role in assuring beef colour stability following extended periods of storage necessary for fresh beef export. Key words: Vitamin E, packaging, beef storage

Dose-response effect of dietary vitamin E concentration on meat quality characteristics in light-weight lambs

2001 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.J. López-Bote ◽  
A. Daza ◽  
M. Soares ◽  
E. Berges
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Tocopheryl Acetate ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
Tocopherol Concentration ◽  
Quadratic Effect ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Line Analysis

AbstractThe research was carried out to evaluate the effect of different dietary α-tocopheryl acetate (DTA) concentrations in light-weight lambs on muscle α-tocopherol accumulation and on quality characteristics of stored meats. Thirty-two Manchego lambs were randomly distributed to four groups and given diets containing four levels of DTA (20, 270, 520 and 1020 mg/kg diet) for 6 weeks. Lambs were slaughtered at live weights ranging from 23·5 to 26·4 kg. A linear (P < 0·001) and quadratic (P < 0·001) effect of dietary supplementation level was observed on muscular α-tocopherol concentration, which fitted the following equation: mg muscle α-tocopherol per kg muscle = 1·78(s.e. 0·18) + 7·08 (s.e.0·89)(1 - e00012DTA)) (P < 0·001, R2 = 0·99). There was a linear effect (P < 0·001) of muscle vitamin E concentration on thiobarbituric acid reactive substance on day 0 of storage, but a linear plus quadratic effect (P < 0·001) on days 3, 6 and 9. Broken line analysis of data at day 9 of storage indicated a target muscle α-tocopherol concentration of 5·4 mg/kg. Evolution of surface redness of lamb chops also showed a linear and quadratic effect of dietary treatment on days 3 and 6 of storage, but only a linear effect on day 9. Broken line analysis of data at 3 and 6 days indicated a target α-tocopherol concentration in the range 5·3 to 5·6 mg/kg muscle for optimum red colour stability. Surface luminosity showed no effect of dietary treatment at days 0, 3 and 6 of storage but a linear (P < 0·01) plus quadratic (P < 0·05) effect on day 9 of storage. Broken line analysis at this point indicated a target muscle α-tocopherol concentration of 3·2 mg/kg. It is concluded that the effectiveness of dietary α-tocopheryl acetate supplementation depends on the meat quality attribute assessed. A significant positive effect for lipid oxidation can be reached even at the lower supplementation level utilized in this experiment (270 mg/kg diet). However, considering the protecting effect at different storage times and particularly the effect on meat surface redness, the optimum level would be in the range 5·3 to 5·6 mg/kg muscle, which correspond to a dietary inclusion of 550 to 625 mg α-tocopheryl acetate/kg diet.

Gas Chromatographic Assay of Supplemental Vitamin E Acetate Concentrates: Collaborative Study

1988 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 1168-1171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P Labadie ◽  
Charles E Boufford
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Enzymatic Digestion ◽  
Tocopheryl Acetate ◽  
High Potency ◽  
Vitamin E Acetate ◽  
Supplemental Vitamin ◽  
Saponifiable Fraction

Abstract A gas chromatographic (GC) method for determination of supplemental a-tocopheryl acetate in high potency vitamin £ powders and oils was collaboratively studied as an alternative to the AOAC colorimetric method (43.147-43.151, Emmerie-Engel), which requires saponification, extraction of the saponifiable fraction, and quantitation by colorimetry. The simpler GC procedure requires only extraction and/or enzymatic digestion and dilution before quantitation. Six blind duplicates were distributed to 10 laboratories; all 10 returned results. Repeatability (sr) and reproducibility (sR), % vitamin E/g, for the feed oil concentrates was 1.1 and 1.3, respectively; for the feed adsorbates 1.0 and 1.5; and for the spray-formulated powders 1.4 and 1.3. These results compare favorably with results obtained in a comparison study of the GC and Emmerie-Engel methods conducted by BASF in 1985. The method has been approved interim official first action for determination of a-tocopheryl acetate in vitamin E acetate concentrates as an alternative for those products only to AOAC colorimetric method 43.147-43.151

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document