scholarly journals PRECODEPA: A MULTI-COUNTRY DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM TO IMPROVE THE RESEARCH-EXTENSION INTERFACE FOR POTATO PRODUCTION IN THE TROPICS

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 724C-724
Author(s):  
Alvaro del Cid ◽  
Ramiro Ortiz ◽  
H.R. Valenzuela
Keyword(s):  
Development Program ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Small Farm ◽  
North Central ◽  
Technology Generation ◽  
Extension Work ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Training Of Personnel ◽  
Unique Program

PRECODEPA was formed with the purpose of coordinating research and extension to improve small-farm potato production. The program involves 9 countries in North, Central America and the Caribbean with the cooperation of the International Potato Center (CIP). Research and extension work was planed based on identified bottlenecks. Work was coordinated when similar bottlenecks were identified in different regions and/or countries. The project strategies emphasized the following: training of personnel to coordinate the work between extension and research; development of integrated pest management (IPM) practices; technology generation and validation trials on farmers' fields, and market development for commercialization purposes. The success of this unique program should serve as a model for similar agricultural projects in the future.

Prevalence and strain composition of potato virus Y circulating in potato fields in China’s north-central province Shanxi

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengcheng Ding ◽  
Dexin Chen ◽  
Haixu Feng ◽  
Jiao Li ◽  
Hui Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potato Virus ◽  
Potato Virus Y ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Central China ◽  
Shanxi Province ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Potato Leaf ◽  
Single Strain ◽  
North Central ◽  
Production Areas

Potato is an important crop in Shanxi province located in north-central China. During 2019-2020, 319 potato leaf samples were collected from eight locations distributed in three major potato production areas in Shanxi. Bio-chip detection kit revealed the presence of several potato viruses, and among them potato virus Y (PVY) was the most common one, reaching the incidence of 87.8% of all symptomatic samples. The immuno-captured multiplex reverse transcription (RT)-PCR was used to identify strains for all 280 PVY-positive samples, unveiling 242 samples infected with a single strain of PVY (86.4%) and 38 (13.6%) with a mixed infection. Of samples with a single-strain infection, PVY -SYR-II accounted for 102 (42.1%), followed by PVYN-Wi (33, 13.6%) , PVY -SYR-I (28, 11.6%), 261-4 (22, 9.1%), PVYNTNa (20, 8.3%), PVYNTNb (19, 7.9%), and PVY -SYR-III (18, 7.4%). Seven isolates representing different recombinants were selected for whole genome sequencing. Phylogenetic and recombination analyses confirmed the RT-PCR based strain typing for all seven strains of PVY found in Shanxi. SXKL-12 is the first SYR-III strain from potato reported from China. However, unlike that in other known SYR-III isolates, the region positioned from 1,764 to1,902 nt in SXKL-12 shared the highest sequence identity of 82.2% with an uncharacterized PVY isolate, JL-23, from China. Interestingly, the PVYN-Wi isolate SXZY-40 also possessed a more divergent sequence for the region positioned from 6,156 to 6,276 nt than other N-Wi isolates known to date, sharing the highest identity of 86.6% with an uncharacterized Chinese PVY isolate, JL-11. Pathogenicity analysis of dominant strains PVY -SYR-II and PVYN-Wi in six local popular potato cultivars revealed that Kexin 13, Helan 15 and Jizhangshu 12 were susceptible to these two strains with mild mottling or mosaic symptoms expression, while three cultivars, Jinshu 16, Qingshu 9, Xisen 6 were found fully resistant.

Receivers

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandra Bronfman
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Technology ◽  
New Markets ◽  
New Yorker ◽  
Amateur Radio ◽  
The World ◽  
Radio Technology ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Material Conditions ◽  
The Tropics

Picking up in the early 1920s, this chapter tracks the shift of radio technology from military to commercial uses. It follows linkages among the changing material conditions for Caribbean workers, the radio industry’s search for materials like mica and bakelite, and the generation of new markets. Having placed broadcasting in its ecological and political contexts, the chapter uses the trajectories of two amateur radio operators, John Grinan, a New Yorker/Jamaican son of a plantation owner and a member of the team which produced the first transatlantic wireless signals, and Frank Jones, an American plantation manager in Cuba, famous for his self-promoting shortwave transmissions to recover the world of the tinkerers’ romance with an ether jammed with distant sounds. It traces the creation of audiences and publics for the emerging technology, arguing that radio appealed to listeners not because it shrank distances, but because it underscored them, demarcating the Caribbean as exotic and remote. Ironically, it was the deeper technological connections that would propel the mapping of these imagined boundaries between the “tropics” and “the world.”

scholarly journals Cordylancistrus nephelion (Siluriformes, Loricariidae), a new and endangered species of suckermouth armored catfish from the Tuy River, north-central Venezuela

Zootaxa ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 1116 (1) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRANCISCO PROVENZANO ◽  
NADIA MILANI
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Color Pattern ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lake Basin ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
North Central ◽  
Unique Color ◽  
White Spots ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
A New Species

A new species of suckermouth armored catfish, Cordylancistrus nephelion, is described from seven specimens collected in tributaries of the Tuy River in the Caribbean Sea basin of north-central Venezuela. Cordylancistrus nephelion can be distinguished from the other species assigned to its genus by its unique color pattern, the head and body being marked with irregular white spots. Cordylancistrus nephelion is the third species of the genus described from Venezuela: Cordylancistrus torbesensis (Schultz 1944) from the Mérida mountain range (Cordillera de Mérida), Orinoco River basin; C. perijae Pérez and Provenzano 1996 from Perijá mountain range (Sierra de Perijá), Maracaibo Lake basin; and now C. nephelion from the La Costa mountain range (Cordillera de La Costa). These three species inhabit isolated foothill rivers and have very restricted geographic distributions. The extreme alteration of the Tuy River basin by humans may threaten Cordylancistrus nephelion and the other fish species endemic to the basin with extinction. An artificial key for the species assigned to the genus Cordylancistrus is presented.

Modern and Ancient Sclerospongiae

1983 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 116-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willard D. Hartman
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Living Tissue ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Siliceous Spicules ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Collagenous Fibers ◽  
Warm Temperate

Sclerosponges secrete a basal crystalline and aspicular skeleton of calcium carbonate, either aragonite or calcite, above which lies a thin layer of living tissue which also secretes siliceous spicules and collagenous fibers. The tripartite skeleton of sclerosponges distinguishes them from all other sponges and also from all other multicellular animals, no one of which has an abundant quantity of two disparate minerals helping to make up its skeleton. The cell types and their organization as well as what little is known about their development indicate that the sclerosponges are related to the demosponges. Sclerosponges are inhabitants of shaded crevices, caves and tunnels on coral reefs in both the Caribbean and Indo-Pacific regions. The range of only one species, Merlia normani Kirkpatrick, extends from the tropics into the warm temperate waters of the Mediterranean Sea.

scholarly journals Heritability for Yield and Glycoalkaloid Content in Potato Breeding under Warm Environments

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel A. Gastelo Benavides ◽  
Luis Diaz ◽  
Gabriela Burgos ◽  
Thomas Zum Felde ◽  
Merideth Bonierbale
Keyword(s):  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Glycoalkaloid Content ◽  
High Heritability ◽  
Heat Tolerant ◽  
Broadsense Heritability ◽  
The Tropics

AbstractHigh temperatures affect potato production in the tropics, putting tuber yield and quality at risk and leading to increased glycoalkaloid concentration the cause of the bitter taste in potatoes and a cause for concern for human health. The International Potato Center (CIP), has developed new heat tolerant clones which are heat tolerant and also resistant to late blight. These clones offer an opportunity to evaluate yield and glycoalkaloid levels after growth under high temperature environments. We evaluated four sets of 16 full-sib families and 20 clones for tuber yield and glycoalkaloid content in order to estimate narrow-sense and broad-sense heritability respectively. We used a randomized complete block design replicated in three locations in Peru; San Ramon, La Molina and Majes At harvest, the number and weight of marketable and nonmarketable tubers were recorded. We analyzed samples of tubers from each clone for glycoalkaloid content using spectrophotometry. Narrow-sense heritability for tuber yield, tuber number and average tuber weight were 0.41, 0.50 and 0.83, respectively, indicating that further gains in breeding for heat tolerance will be possible. Broadsense heritability for glycoalkaloid content was 0.63 and correlation with tuber yield was weak, r=0.33 and R²=0.11 (P<0.01). High heritability and weak correlation will allow us to select clones with high tuber yield and low glycoalkaloid content, to serve as candidate varieties and parents in breeding programs.

scholarly journals Pteris tripartita (giant brake).

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanine Vélez-Gavilán
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Floodplain Wetlands ◽  
Critically Endangered Species ◽  
Secondary Vegetation ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Southern Florida ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Basin Wetlands

Abstract Pteris tripartita is a terrestrial fern native to the tropics of the Old Word, introduced to the New World as an ornamental, with records of its being sold in nurseries in Florida (USA) in the 19th century. It is naturalized at scattered localities from Florida to northern South America, including the Caribbean. It is reported as invasive in Cuba and the south of Florida, USA. Its invasiveness in Cuba is due to its high reproductive capacity and its spread into secondary vegetation and cultivated lands in the eastern part of the country. In southern Florida, it is considered as a moderately invasive species, recorded as escaping cultivation in 1928. It is invasive in floodplain wetlands, basin wetlands and mesic uplands, displacing native species. It is not reported as invasive in its native range. It is regarded as a critically endangered species in India.

scholarly journals Chemical composition of rhizoma perennial peanut (Arachis glabrata) harvested for hay in the tropics

1969 ◽  
Vol 87 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Teodoro M. Ruiz ◽  
Efraín Cancel
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Tropical Grasses ◽  
Arachis Glabrata ◽  
Agricultural Experiment ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
The Tropics

The effect of harvest interval (HI), six-, nine-, and 12-wk, and season of growth (winter, spring, summer, and fall) on crude protein (CP) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) was studied with rhizoma perennial peanut (RPP) TARS line nos. 17033, 17050, 17052, and 17097 (PI nos. 276233, 262826, 262833, and 262839, respectively) and cv Florigraze and Arbrook at the Lajas Agricultural Experiment Substation. The same parameters were evaluated with PI nos. 276233, 262839, and cv Florigraze at the Juana Díaz Substation. The overall mean CP concentration for RPP, across HI and season of growth was 16.3 and 15.5% in the Lajas and Juana Díaz studies, respectively. In both trials, accession 17033 had the lowest (14.2%) and accession 17097 the highest (16.7%) CP values (P < 0.05). Harvest interval negatively influenced CP concentration (P < 0.01). An increase in HI from six to 12 weeks resulted in a reduction of CP from 17.3 to 15.5%, and from 16.5 to 13.7% in the Lajas and Juana Díaz studies, respectively. In the latter study the CP concentrations of forage harvested at six and nine weeks were similar. Differences in NDF among RPPs were significant (P < 0.05) in both trials. In both, accession 17033 had the highest (49.9%) and accession 17097 the lowest (48.1%) concentration. Increasing HI resulted in quadratic increases (P < 0.01) in NDF concentration. Results for the six-, nine- and 12-wk intervals were 47.8, 50.9, and 51.8% at Lajas and 45.8, 44.5, 52.0% at Juana Díaz, respectively. Season of growth did influence chemical composition of RPP; however, unlike the pattern observed in tropical grasses, the chemical composition of RPP was better in the seasons of greater forage yield (spring and summer). These results show the excellent potential for high nutritive value of RPP when grown in the Caribbean tropics. 

scholarly journals Tropical Gothic: arts, humanities and social sciences

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Lundberg ◽  
Katarzyna Ancuta ◽  
Agnieszka Stasiewicz-Bieńkowska
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Popular Culture ◽  
Deep South ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Social Transformations ◽  
The World ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
The Tropics

The Gothic is undergoing a pronounced resurgence in academic and popular cultures. Propelled by fears associated with massive social transformations produced by globalisation, the neoliberal order and environmental uncertainty – tropes of the Gothic resonate. The gothic allows us to delve into the unknown, the liminal, the unseen; into hidden histories and feelings. It calls up unspoken truths and secret desires.In the tropics, the gothic manifests in specific ways according to spaces, places, cultures and their encounters. Within the fraught geographies and histories of colonisation and aggression that have been especially acute across the tropical regions of the world, the tropical gothic engages with orientalism and postcolonialism. The tropics, as the region of the greatest biodiversity in the world, is under enormous stress, hence tropical gothic also engages with gothic ecocriticism, senses of space, landscape and place. Globalisation and neoliberalism likewise impact the tropics, and the gothic imagery of these ‘vampiric’ capitalist forces – which impinge upon the livelihoods, traditions and the very survival of peoples of the tropics – is explored through urban gothic, popular culture, posthumanism and queer theory.As the papers in this special issue demonstrate, a gothic sensibility enables humans to respond to the seemingly dark, nebulous forces that threaten existence. These papers engage with specific instances of Tropical Gothic in West Africa, the Caribbean, Latin America, Southeast Asia, northern Australia, and the American Deep South.

scholarly journals Estimates of PI*S and PI*Z Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency alleles prevalence in the Caribbean and North, Central and South America

2016 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
F.J. De Serres ◽  
I. Blanco ◽  
E. Fernández-Bustillo
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
South America ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Genetic Disorder ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
North Central ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Adverse Health ◽  
The Caribbean

Background. AAT deficiency is not a rare disease, but one of the most common congenital disorders increasing susceptibility of individuals with this deficiency to both lung and liver disease as well as other several adverse health effects. Studies to develop accurate estimates of the magnitude of this genetic disorder in any given country is critical for the development of screening programs for detection, diagnosis, and treatment of those individuals and/or families at risk. In the present study, estimates of the prevalence of the two major deficiency alleles PI S and PI Z were estimated for 25 countries in the Caribbean and North, Central, and South America to supplement our previous studies on 69 countries worldwide. Method. Using data on the prevalence of the two most common deficiency alleles PI S and PIZ in the mother countries that provided the majority of immigrants to these 25 countries, as well as genetic epidemiological studies on various genetic subgroups indigenous to the Caribbean and North, Central and South America it was possible to develop new formulas to estimate the numbers in each of five phenotypic classes, namely PI MS, PI MZ, PI SS, PI SZ and PI ZZ for each country. Results. When these 25 countries were grouped into six different geographic regions, the present study demonstrated striking differences when comparisons were made in numeric tables, maps and figures. Highly significant numbers of individuals at risk for AAT Deficiency were found in both the European, Mestizo and Mulatto populations for most of the 25 countries studied in the Caribbean and North, Central and South America. Conclusions. Our studies demonstrated striking differences in the prevalence of both the PIS and PIZ alleles among these 25 countries in the Caribbean and North, Central and South America and significant numbers of individuals at risk for adverse health effects associated with AAT Deficiency in a given country. When these data are added to the results from our earlier studies on 69 countries, we now have data on AAT Deficiency in 94 of the 193 countries worldwide listed in the CIA FactBook.

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