scholarly journals Establishing good dietary habits – capturing the minds of children

2001 ◽  
Vol 4 (1a) ◽  
pp. 125-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joachim Westenhoefer
Keyword(s):  
Weight Control ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Social Research ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Social Meaning ◽  
The Social

AbstractObjective:To review the psycho-social research with respect to relevance for the development of nutritional education strategies.Results:The eating behaviour of the newborn baby is controlled by innate preferences and dislikes, and by biological self-regulation. These innate control-systems are modified by learning processes, most importantly by the mere exposure to unknown food, by social influences, and by associating the physiological consequences of food intake with taste cues. The last decades have witnessed a change of the social meaning of food and eating, and the social context of eating is subject to dramatic changes. While on the one hand, prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing, even young children deliberately practise weight control measures ranging from selective food choice to self-induced vomiting thus including behaviours which are clearly symptomatic of eating disorders. Such behaviour is motivated by unrealistic conceptions of a healthy body weight and shape. Children are interested in a range of nutrition topics. However, these topics have to be related to direct perceivable benefits from nutrition.Conclusions:Educational strategies should: firstly, focus on providing a variety of foods, including a range of nutrient-dense ‘healthy’ food and encouraging children to taste it; secondly, provide a stable and predictive pattern of social eating occasions to promote the social meaning and importance of eating and to enable social learning of food preferences; and finally, encourage a positive body image by providing advice and reassurance regarding the range of healthy and acceptable body weights and shapes.

scholarly journals Young adult nutrition and weight correlates of picky eating during childhood

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 987-995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan H Pesch ◽  
Katherine W Bauer ◽  
Mary J Christoph ◽  
Nicole Larson ◽  
Dianne Neumark-Sztainer
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Disordered Eating ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Eating Behaviours ◽  
Picky Eating

AbstractObjective:To identify whether picky eating during childhood is associated with dietary intake, weight status and disordered eating behaviour during young adulthood.Design:A population-based study using data from young adults who responded online or by mail to the third wave of the Project EAT (Eating and Activity in Teens and Young Adults) study in 2008–2009. Participants retrospectively reported the extent to which they were a picky eater in childhood, sociodemographic characteristics, disordered eating behaviours, usual dietary intake, and weight and height.Setting:Participants were initially recruited in the Minneapolis/St. Paul metropolitan area of Minnesota, USA, in 1998–1999.Participants:The analytic sample included 2275 young adults (55 % female, 48 % non-Hispanic White, mean age 25·3 (sd 1·6) years).Results:Young adults who reported picky eating in childhood were found to currently have lower intakes of fruit, vegetables and whole grains, and more frequent intakes of snack foods, sugar-sweetened beverages and foods from fast-food restaurants. No associations were observed between picky eating in childhood and young adults’ weight status, use of weight-control strategies or report of binge eating.Conclusions:While young adults who report picky eating during childhood are not at higher risk for disordered eating, those who were picky eaters tend to have less healthy dietary intake. Food preferences and dietary habits established by picky eaters during childhood may persist into adulthood.

scholarly journals Eating habits and appetite control: a psychobiological perspective

1999 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Weight Control ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Appetite Control ◽  
Physiological Control ◽  
Eating Pattern ◽  
Disordered Eating Patterns

An individual's eating behaviour is shaped by factors ranging from economic conditions and cultural practices to biological influences. The physiological system controlling appetite appears to be adapted to solving the problem of an unevenness of food supply across time, and is fairly permissive in its response to undereating and overeating. Consequently, when food is abundant, the diet is energy dense and energy expenditure is low, there is a strong tendency to become obese (i.e. obesity is better viewed as due to a ‘toxic’ environment than to faulty physiological control of appetite). Under such conditions the most common method of avoiding obesity is through the cognitive control of eating. However, dietary restraint and dieting are demanding tasks, and are associated with psychological costs, including significant impairment of cognitive performance. Restraint is also prone to disinhibition, with the result that it can sometimes undermine eating control, even leading to the development of highly disordered eating patterns. In part, these difficulties are due to the self-perpetuating nature of dietary habits: for example, hunger tends to be diminished during strict unbroken dieting, but increased in individuals having a highly variable eating pattern (such as occurs when eating is frequently disinhibited). These features of appetite control provide both barriers and opportunities for changing behaviour. Accordingly, there is a need for future research to focus on the psycho-social factors and the dieting practices predicting successful eating and weight control, with the objective of identifying the actual cognitive and behavioural strategies used by the many dieters and restrained eaters who are able to achieve weight loss and maintain long-term weight stability.

Training Practices of Elite Wheelchair Roadracers

1988 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley N. Hedrick ◽  
Martin I. Morse ◽  
Stephen F. Figoni
Keyword(s):  
Weight Control ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Dietary Counseling ◽  
Training Time ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Weekly Training ◽  
Starting Point

This project assessed training behaviors and attributes of elite wheelchair racers. Training information was received from 36 participants in the 1985 National 10K Wheelchair Roadracing Championship. Data were obtained about age, weight, nature and level of disability, racing experience, sources of training information, level of cigarette and alcohol use, and dietary habits. Weekly training behaviors across yearly quarters were assessed with regard to the number of weekly pushing workouts, length of pushing workouts, number of miles pushed per week, percentage of training time allocated to interval training and/or speedwork, number of weekly weight-training sessions, and number of other augmentative physical activities pursued twice or more per week. Perceived exertion during interval and noninterval, steady-state training tasks was also measured. Results revealed that training behaviors of elite wheelchair racers are very heterogeneous. Participation in and age of introduction to elite wheelchair racing were found to be predominantly adult phenomena. The health practices of the athletes regarding cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, diet, and weight control were generally found to be good. However, inadequate caloric control measures by the quadriplegics and the ingestion of protein supplements by male racers indicate that some dietary counseling may be needed. The results provide a starting point for a data base pertaining to training behaviors in wheelchair racing.

scholarly journals Women with a low-satiety phenotype show impaired appetite control and greater resistance to weight loss

2019 ◽  
Vol 122 (8) ◽  
pp. 951-959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola J. Buckland ◽  
Diana Camidge ◽  
Fiona Croden ◽  
Anna Myers ◽  
Jacquelynne H. Lavin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Appetite Control ◽  
Weight Loss Outcomes ◽  
Programme Adherence ◽  
Satiety Responsiveness

AbstractThis trial compared weight loss outcomes over 14 weeks in women showing low- or high-satiety responsiveness (low- or high-satiety phenotype (LSP, HSP)) measured by a standardised protocol. Food preferences and energy intake (EI) after low and high energy-density (LED, HED) meals were also assessed. Ninety-six women (n 52 analysed; 41·24 (SD 12·54) years; 34·02 (sd 3·58) kg/m2) engaged in one of two weight loss programmes underwent LED and HED laboratory test days during weeks 3 and 12. Preferences for LED and HED food (Leeds Food Preference Questionnaire) and ad libitum evening meal and snack EI were assessed in response to equienergetic LED and HED breakfasts and lunches. Weekly questionnaires assessed control over eating and ease of adherence to the programme. Satiety quotients based on subjective fullness ratings post LED and HED breakfasts determined LSP (n 26) and HSP (n 26) by tertile splits. Results showed that the LSP lost less weight and had smaller reductions in waist circumference compared with HSP. The LSP showed greater preferences for HED foods, and under HED conditions, consumed more snacks (kJ) compared with HSP. Snack EI did not differ under LED conditions. LSP reported less control over eating and reported more difficulty with programme adherence. In conclusion, low-satiety responsiveness is detrimental for weight loss. LED meals can improve self-regulation of EI in the LSP, which may be beneficial for longer-term weight control.

scholarly journals Cultural selection and human food preferences

2019 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ani Bajrami
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Positive Selection ◽  
Genetic Drift ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Cultural Selection ◽  
Selection For

Genes and culture co-evolve to determine variations in dietary habits. Our evolutionary heritage regarding food choice and food preferences is responsible for the mismatch with the food environments we have created, which leads to problems such as overweight and obesity. Several hypotheses have attempted to explain the high rate of obesity present in today’s world. The thrifty genotype hypothesis suggested that obesity today is a throwback to our ancestors having undergone positive selection for genes that favored energy storage. The drifty genotype hypothesis contends that the prevalence of thrifty genes is not a result of positive selection for energy-storage genes but, rather, is attributable to genetic drift resulting from the removal of predatory selection pressures. Both hypotheses focus on environmental changes over time, positive selection and genetic drift. While genetics plays a significant role, we believe that cultural selection is also responsible for the spread of obesogenic phenomena in Albania. The high rates of overweight and obesity among Albanians today can be explained as a mismatch between our evolutionary past and maladaptive behaviors.

scholarly journals The Personal Food Systems of Pre-Season NCAA Division 1 High-Contact, Low-Contact, and Non-Contact College Athletes

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 3670
Author(s):  
Jennifer Peluso ◽  
Takudzwa A. Madzima ◽  
Shefali Christopher ◽  
Svetlana Nepocatych
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Food Choices ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Meal Frequency ◽  
Cross Sectional

Previous research indicates that dietary habits may differ between athletes of different sports. In this cross-sectional study, we hypothesize meal frequency, food choices, and food preferences will significantly differ between contact types. The participants were athletes (n = 92; men: n = 57, body fat percent (BF%): 14.8 ± 8.4%, body mass index (BMI): 25.5 ± 5.5 kg·m−2; women: n = 36, BF%: 26.7 ± 7.3%, BMI: 22.3 ± 2.7 kg·m−2) from high-contact (HCS), low-contact (LCS), and non-contact (NCS) sports. Meal frequency, food preference, and food choice questionnaires assessed factors influencing dietary habits. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measured lean body mass, fat mass, and body fat. A GLM multivariate analysis was used with significance accepted at p < 0.05. Significant body composition differences were observed between genders (p < 0.001) and among sports (p < 0.001). Dinner (83.7%), lunch (67.4%), and breakfast (55.4%) were the most frequently eaten meals, followed by evening snack (17.8%), afternoon snack (15.2%), and morning snack (8.7%). Greater preferences for starches were observed for HCS (p = 0.04; η2 = 0.07) and for a greater preference for vegetables was found for NCS (p = 0.02; η2 = 0.09). Significant differences also existed in the importance of health (p = 0.04; η2 = 0.07), weight control (p= 0.05; η2 = 0.11), natural content (p = 0.04; η2 = 0.07), and price (p = 0.04; η2 = 0.07). These results support our hypothesis that food choices and food preferences differ between contact types. This may help sports dieticians create more individualized nutrition programs.

scholarly journals Prevalence of untreated dental caries in Latin American children in the Spanish child protection system

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 261-267
Author(s):  
Gonzalo Oliván-Gonzalvo ◽  
◽  
Alejandro Carlos de la Parte-Serna ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Protection System ◽  
The Social ◽  
Untreated Dental Caries

Introduction and objective: The study aimed to investigate the prevalence of untreated dental caries in Latin American immigrant children who enter into the child protection system in Aragon, Spain. We analyze if these are related to demographic factors, body mass index, or vulnerability circumstances. Methods: Cross-sectional observational study. We analyze the social and health records of every child between the age of 6 and 17 that required residential care in the period between 2000 and 2019. The Social Services Institute of Aragon who compiled their records and directed the protection measures assessed their vulnerability conditions. A standard anthropometric and oral evaluation by healthcare professionals, together with the recollection of their demographic data, was carried out as these children accessed the welfare system. Results: Two hundred and thirty-one children (55.8% female) with an average age (SD) of 13.6 (3.8) years were evaluated. The prevalence of untreated dental caries was 16.5%. These were associated to the age group 6-13 years-old (p<0.001), the second-generation (p=0.004) and the temporary or permanent parental inability to provide child welfare (p=0.009) due to death, incarceration, physical illness, mental illness, drug addiction, or causes of a similar nature, together with the absence of relatives taking care of the child. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 32% and do not exhibited association with the presence of untreated dental caries. Conclusion: We observe either that, besides cariogenic dietary habits acquired in their native community or their foster one, socio-family vulnerability and deprivation play an essential role in the high prevalence of untreated dental caries.

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