scholarly journals Cancer prevention and diet: oppourtunities in Europe

2001 ◽  
Vol 4 (2b) ◽  
pp. 475-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elio Riboli ◽  
Teresa Norat
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Red Meat ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Consistent Finding ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits

AbstractOver the past 20 years, a large number of epidemiological studies, particularly case-control and cohort studies, have been conducted to investigate the role of diet and the risk of developing different types of cancer. The most consistent finding so far is the association observed between consumption of vegetables and fruit and reduced risk of cancers of the digestive and respiratory tracts. More recently, evidence has accumulated indicating that high consumption of red meat (mainly beef, lamp and pork) and of preserved meat (‘charcuterie’) is specifically associated with a modest but significant increase in colorectal cancer risk. Finally, there is epidemiological evidence supporting an association between the risk of developing gastric cancer and the intake of salt and-preserved foods.Cancer incidence and dietary habits vary substantially across Europe, and the expected benefit of dietary changes may be somewhat difference in different populations. Despite some uncertainly, it is generally agreed that an increase in the consumption of vegetables and fruits and a decrease in the intake of red meat, processed meat, alcoholic beverages, salt and salt-preserved foods should contribute to a reduction in the incidence of cancers of the digestive and respiratory tract.

scholarly journals Dietary Flavonoids as Cancer Chemopreventive Agents: An Updated Review of Human Studies

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Rodríguez-García ◽  
Cristina Sánchez-Quesada ◽  
José J. Gaforio
Keyword(s):  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Chemopreventive Agents ◽  
Dietary Polyphenols ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Flavonoid Intake ◽  
Global Goal ◽  
Dietary Flavonoid ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits ◽  
Dietary Flavonoids

Over the past few years, interest in health research has increased, making improved health a global goal for 2030. The purpose of such research is to ensure healthy lives and promote wellbeing across individuals of all ages. It has been shown that nutrition plays a key role in the prevention of some chronic diseases such as obesity, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer. One of the aspects that characterises a healthy diet is a high intake of vegetables and fruits, as both are flavonoid-rich foods. Flavonoids are one of the main subclasses of dietary polyphenols and possess strong antioxidant activity and anti-carcinogenic properties. Moreover, some population-based studies have described a relationship between cancer risk and dietary flavonoid intake. In this context, the goal of this review was to provide an updated evaluation of the association between the risk of different types of cancers and dietary flavonoid intake. We analysed all relevant epidemiological studies from January 2008 to March 2019 using the PUBMED and Web of Science databases. In summary, this review concludes that dietary flavonoid intake is associated with a reduced risk of different types of cancer, such as gastric, breast, prostate, and colorectal cancers.

scholarly journals Eating habits among the Omsk Oblast population and poor nutrition in association with cardiovascular diseases according to the ESSE-RF2 study

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 4383
Author(s):  
I. A. Viktorova ◽  
V. L. Stasenko ◽  
N. G. Shirlina ◽  
G. A. Muromtseva ◽  
M. A. Livzan
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Red Meat ◽  
Cottage Cheese ◽  
Omsk Oblast ◽  
Fresh Vegetables ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits

Aim. To assess the prevalence of eating habits among the Omsk Oblast population and their association with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) according to the ESSERF2 study.Material and methods. In the ESSE-RF2 study with persons aged 25-64 years (random sample, n=1648), the dietary habits of 21 food groups were assessed using the questionnaire method. Results. Insufficient consumption of vegetables and fruits was revealed in 60,0% and 68,7% of the region’s population, which is 1,5-2,2 times higher than amongRussians. The daily intake of cereals is 2,3 times higher than that of pasta, especially in those with CVDs. In the region, poultry is preferred. Poultry at least once a week is consumed by 91,7% of Omsk residents, red meat — 74,8%, and fish — only 35,2% (vs 84,7%, 83,1% and 65,1% in Russians, respectively). The daily intake of liquid dairy products is low. Cheese and cottage cheese is consumed significantly lower than the national average, while legumes — 4 times lower. The presence of confectionery in the daily diet of 40,3% of Omsk residents looks more favorable than the average among Russians. In addition, 50% of the population eat pickles only 1-2 times a month (significantly less than in Russia). On the contrary, 60,9% of Omsk residents regularly (daily-weekly) consume meat and sausages (56,0% in Russia, p=0,000). Omsk residents with CVDs refrain from excessive consumption of sugar, other sweets, meat and sausages, pickles and marinades. They are almost 2 times more likely to exclude red meat from the diet or reduce its daily consumption than people without CVDs. Salting of cooked food, consumption of vegetables and fruits, fish, seafood and dairy products practically did not depend on CVDs.Conclusion. The food habits of Omsk residents differs from the national one in many products. People with CVDs have unfavorable eating habits: reduced consumption of fresh vegetables, fruits, fish, seafood, legumes and nuts. Patients do not change their diet in favor of cardioprotective products and decrease in adding more salt. Although, they more often refuse meat and sausages, pickles, marinades, sweets, and pasta, and increase the consumption of cereals.

Health Risks Associated with Meat Consumption: A Review of Epidemiological Studies

2015 ◽  
Vol 85 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 70-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyne Battaglia Richi ◽  
Beatrice Baumer ◽  
Beatrice Conrad ◽  
Roger Darioli ◽  
Alexandra Schmid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Mortality ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Red Meat ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Protein Supply

Abstract. Recent evidence from large prospective US and European cohort studies and from meta-analyses of epidemiological studies indicates that the long-term consumption of increasing amounts of red meat and particularly of processed meat is associated with an increased risk of total mortality, cardiovascular disease, colorectal cancer and type 2 diabetes, in both men and women. The association persists after inclusion of known confounding factors, such as age, race, BMI, history, smoking, blood pressure, lipids, physical activity and multiple nutritional parameters in multivariate analysis. The association has not always been noted with red meat, and it has been absent with white meat. There is evidence of several mechanisms for the observed adverse effects that might be involved, however, their individual role is not defined at present. It is concluded that recommendations for the consumption of unprocessed red meat and particularly of processed red meat should be more restrictive than existing recommendations. Restrictive recommendations should not be applied to subjects above about 70 years of age, as the studies quoted herein did not examine this age group, and the inclusion of sufficient protein supply (e. g. in the form of meat) is particularly important in the elderly.

Antiplatelet effects of bioactive compounds present in tomato pomace

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Fuentes ◽  
Andrés Trostchansky ◽  
Lívia Mateus Reguengo ◽  
Mario Roberto Maróstica Jr. ◽  
Iván Palomo
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Tomato Pomace ◽  
Tomato Paste ◽  
Research Outcomes ◽  
Functional Product ◽  
Antithrombotic Effects ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits

Abstract: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) currently account for nearly half of no communicable diseases. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated the cardiovascular protective role of a diet rich in vegetables and fruits. In this context, our research outcomes have demonstrated the antiplatelet activities of fruits and vegetable extracts widely consumed, among which tomato was highlighted in our lab work. Tomato pomace, a major byproduct of tomato paste production, consists of skin and seeds and is a rich source of bioactive compounds. Tomato pomace has potent antithrombotic effects, even greater than the tomato. Given the large volumes of an industrial generation of tomato pomace, there is an opportunity to use this by-product to obtain a functional product with antiaggregant and antithrombotic properties that could be useful as an additive in health foods and thus prevent CVD. This review will focus on the platelet as the target for the antithrombotic actions exerted by the different bioactive compounds present in tomato pomace.

Decomposition of Mediterranean Dietary Pattern on Successful Aging, Among Older Adults: A Combined Analysis of Two Epidemiological Studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. 1549-1567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Foscolou ◽  
Efi Koloverou ◽  
Antonia-Leda Matalas ◽  
Stefanos Tyrovolas ◽  
Christina Chrysohoou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Successful Aging ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Nutritional Needs ◽  
Multivariate Discriminant

Objective: To investigate the association of Mediterranean food group consumption with successful aging (SA), among people more than 50 years old. Method: Dietary habits, as well as several bio-clinical characteristics of the Greek participants enrolled in the ATTICA ( n = 1,128 men and women from Athens metropolitan area) and the MEDIS ( n = 2,221 men and women from selected Greek islands) cohort studies were investigated in relation to SA; SA was measured using a validated 10-scale index. Results: Multivariate discriminant food group analysis revealed that legumes consumption, followed by vegetables, cereals, and poultry were associated with higher levels of SA index (explained variability: 7.9%), mainly among islanders, but not among mainland participants. Further analysis revealed that alcohol consumption was positively associated with SA for mainlanders (ATTICA study) but inversely for islanders (MEDIS study; all p’s < .05). Conclusion: The differential and hierarchical effect of various foods on SA and the diet-environmental interaction revealed in the present work may help health professionals to better understand the role of diet on SA, and to prioritize the nutritional needs of older people for better quality of life.

scholarly journals Role of Epidemiological Studies in Disease Prevention

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shoaib Akthar
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Disease Prevention ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
The Other ◽  
Disease Epidemiology ◽  
Epidemiological Surveys ◽  
Epidemiology Data ◽  
Different Populations

Today’s society is full of disease that are of different natures including genetic, infectious and metabolic etc. Every disease has its own mechanisms of affecting humans and different prevention mechanisms as per disease nature. These factors are included in epidemiology of disease. Other factors include prevalence and incidence of diseases in different populations. Exactly knowing about disease epidemiology helps governing authorities to prevent the disease. Unfortunately, under-developed and developing nations are not focusing on diseases epidemiology. On the other hand, all developing nations developed best public health practices based on diseases epidemiology data. These studies may vary from basic epidemiological surveys to identification of microorganism strains etc.

scholarly journals Food frequency consumption and lipoproteins serum levels in the population of an urban area, Brazil

2000 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 380-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nélida Schmid Fornés ◽  
Ignez Salas Martins ◽  
Miguel Hernan ◽  
Gustavo Velásquez-Meléndez ◽  
Alberto Ascherio
Keyword(s):  
Family Income ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Red Meat ◽  
Serum Lipoprotein ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Food Frequency ◽  
Dairy Foods

OBJECTIVE: To identify the association between food group consumption frequency and serum lipoprotein levels among adults. METHODS: The observations were made during a cross-sectional survey of a representative sample of men and women over 20 years old living in Cotia county, S. Paulo, Brazil. Data on food frequency consumption, serum lipids, and other covariates were available for 1,045 adults. Multivariate analyses adjusted by age, gender, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, educational level, family income, physical activity, smoking, and alcohol consumption were performed. RESULTS: Consumption of processed meat, chicken, red meat, eggs and dairy foods were each positively and significantly correlated with LDL-C, whereas the intake of vegetables and fruits showed an inverse correlation. Daily consumption of processed meat, chicken, red meat, eggs, and dairy foods were associated with 16.6 mg/dl, 14.5 mg/dl, 11.1 mg/dl, 5.8 mg/dl, and 4.6 mg/dl increase in blood LDL-C, respectively. Increases of daily consumption of fruit and vegetables were associated with 5.2 mg/dl and 5.5 mg/dl decreases in LDL-C, respectively. Alcohol beverage consumption showed a significant positive correlation with HDL-C. CONCLUSIONS: Dietary habits in the study population seem to contribute substantially to the variation in blood LDL and HDL concentrations. Substantially CHD risk reduction could be achieved with dietary changes.

scholarly journals Red meat and colorectal cancer

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuri Faruk Aykan
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Red Meat ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
International Guidelines ◽  
The Third ◽  
Common Cancer ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Risk Potential

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in men and the second in women worldwide. More than half of cases occur in more developed countries. The consumption of red meat (beef, pork, lamb, veal, mutton) is high in developed countries and accumulated evidence until today demonstrated a convincing association between the intake of red meat and especially processed meat and CRC risk. In this review, meta-analyses of prospective epidemiological studies addressed to this association, observed link of some subtypes of red meat with CRC risk, potential carcinogenic compounds, their mechanisms and actual recommendations of international guidelines are presented.

scholarly journals Dietary and lifestyle habits of drinkers with preference for alcoholic beverage: does it really matter for public health? A review of the evidence

OENO One ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rena I. Kosti ◽  
Chiara Di Lorenzo ◽  
Demosthenes B. Panagiotakos ◽  
George Sandeman ◽  
Nadia Frittella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Alcoholic Beverage ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Drinking Patterns ◽  
Lifestyle Habits ◽  
Diet And Lifestyle

Although the detrimental effects of heavy drinking in terms of health are well-documented in the literature, there are inconsistent findings regarding the safety of light-to-moderate alcohol consumption. In particular, little is still known about the consumption of specific alcoholic beverages in combination with dietary habits and lifestyle, which in turn could influence health status. Thus, the aim of this review is to summarise and critically evaluate the evidence of a relationship between preference for alcoholic beverages and consumer dietary and lifestyle habits. A literature search retrieved 3,887 articles. By removing duplicates and articles which were not relevant, the final number of articles was 26. The adherence to a healthier diet and lifestyle was generally observed in light-to-moderate alcohol consumers, especially when wine was the preferred beverage. Considering the potentially strong impact of drinking patterns on health and the risk of developing chronic diseases, the data summarised in this review highlight that alcoholic beverage preferences, drinking patterns, dietary patterns and lifestyle should be studied together. Any future epidemiological studies should analyse the relationship between alcohol consumption and the abovementioned correlations with respect to impact on health.

Construction of a binary evaluative taxonomy within a story

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Hauser
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Cognitive Structure ◽  
Cultural Knowledge ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Specific Level ◽  
Neighborhood Organization ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Drinking Session ◽  
Inherent Part

Abstract Making use of Occasioned Semantics, I look at how a taxonomy of different types of alcoholic beverages is constructed within a story told during the closing of a meeting at a neighborhood organization. The data are in Japanese with English translation. The use of taxonomic analysis within Occasioned Semantics is discussed, with a separate example. The story is shown to be placed at a point in the closing routine where an invitation to join a post-meeting drinking session is expectable. Within the story, the teller, Kaicho, who is the head of the organization, constructs an occasioned inclusion taxonomy of alcoholic beverages. He then adds two binary evaluative contrasts to the more specific level of the taxonomy. What Kaicho accomplishes through telling the story, what he accomplishes through constructing the taxonomy with its evaluative contrasts, and how the constructed taxonomy cannot be seen simply as the reflection of an underlying cognitive structure are discussed. It is argued that an ad hoc element is an inherent part of any actually occurring taxonomy. The role of cultural knowledge in the analysis of meaning in interaction is discussed.

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