scholarly journals Food frequency consumption and lipoproteins serum levels in the population of an urban area, Brazil

2000 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 380-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nélida Schmid Fornés ◽  
Ignez Salas Martins ◽  
Miguel Hernan ◽  
Gustavo Velásquez-Meléndez ◽  
Alberto Ascherio
Keyword(s):  
Family Income ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Red Meat ◽  
Serum Lipoprotein ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Food Frequency ◽  
Dairy Foods

OBJECTIVE: To identify the association between food group consumption frequency and serum lipoprotein levels among adults. METHODS: The observations were made during a cross-sectional survey of a representative sample of men and women over 20 years old living in Cotia county, S. Paulo, Brazil. Data on food frequency consumption, serum lipids, and other covariates were available for 1,045 adults. Multivariate analyses adjusted by age, gender, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, educational level, family income, physical activity, smoking, and alcohol consumption were performed. RESULTS: Consumption of processed meat, chicken, red meat, eggs and dairy foods were each positively and significantly correlated with LDL-C, whereas the intake of vegetables and fruits showed an inverse correlation. Daily consumption of processed meat, chicken, red meat, eggs, and dairy foods were associated with 16.6 mg/dl, 14.5 mg/dl, 11.1 mg/dl, 5.8 mg/dl, and 4.6 mg/dl increase in blood LDL-C, respectively. Increases of daily consumption of fruit and vegetables were associated with 5.2 mg/dl and 5.5 mg/dl decreases in LDL-C, respectively. Alcohol beverage consumption showed a significant positive correlation with HDL-C. CONCLUSIONS: Dietary habits in the study population seem to contribute substantially to the variation in blood LDL and HDL concentrations. Substantially CHD risk reduction could be achieved with dietary changes.

Lifestyle factors and internet addiction among school children

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S431-S431 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bener
Keyword(s):  
School Children ◽  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Internet Use ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lifestyle Risk Factors

AimThe aim was to determine the association between internet addition [IA] and fatigue, sleep disturbance, depression, and life style factors among school children.Subjects and methodsA cross-sectional survey based on multistage stratified random sampling and 1188 students (73.3%) gave consent during October 2011 to December 2012. Data including socio-demographic details, lifestyle and dietary habits Internet Addiction Test (IAT), Fatigue Scale, Epworth Sleepiness Scale [ESS] and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) test. Univariate and multiple logistic regression analysis were performed.ResultsThe overall prevalence of IA among school children was 19.8%. The proportion of IA was significantly more among males (56.4%) as compare to females (43.6%; P = 0.035), school performance (P < 0.001) and family income (P = 0.032). Those with IA had significantly less number of sleep hours (6.16 ± 0.80 vs. 6.58 ± 1.29; P < 0.001) as compared to normal. Those with IA had significantly high number of hours internet use (3.82 ± 1.64 vs. 3.03 ± 1.64; P < 0.001) as compared to normal. A significantly larger proportion of IA than normal subjects reported having headaches (P = 0.010), double vision (P = 0.037), eye hurt (P = 0.021), eye tired (P = 0.005), dizziness (34.4% vs. 27.3%; P = 0.002), fatigue, and hearing problem (P = 0.048). A significantly larger proportion of students with IA most frequently gratifying site (19.9% vs. 11.6%; P < 0.001), browsed games (38.6% vs. 29.9%; P = 0.010), chat sites (29.7% vs. 22%; P = 0.013), email (54.2% vs. 63.1%; P = 0.36), and research (61.0% vs. 69.2%; P = 0.017).ConclusionThe current study confirmed the of evidence linking problematic internet use with negative fatigue, greater numbers of symptoms, anxiety, sleeping disturbances, depressive and lifestyle risk factors, among vulnerable young children.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals What's in the lunchbox? Dietary behaviour of learners from disadvantaged schools in the Western Cape, South Africa

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 1752-1758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zulfa Abrahams ◽  
Anniza de Villiers ◽  
Nelia P Steyn ◽  
Jean Fourie ◽  
Lucinda Dalais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Dietary Behaviour ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional

AbstractObjectiveTo identify and describe factors associated with food shop (known as tuck shop in South Africa) and lunchbox behaviours of primary-school learners in South Africa.DesignAnalysis of data collected in 2008 from a cross-sectional survey.SettingSixteen primary schools in the Western Cape, South Africa.SubjectsA total of 717 grade 4 learners aged 10–12 years.ResultsA 24 h recall established that 69 % of learners carried a lunchbox to school and 49 % had consumed at least one item purchased from the school food shop/vendor. Most lunchboxes contained white bread with processed meat, whereas the most frequent food shop/vendor purchase comprised chips/crisps. Learners who carried a lunchbox to school had significantly lower BMI percentiles (P = 0·002) and BMI-for-age (P = 0·034), compared with their counterparts. Moreover, they were younger, had higher standard-of-living and dietary diversity scores, consumed more meals per day, had greater self-efficacy and came from predominantly urban schools, compared with those who did not carry a lunchbox to school. Learners who ate food shop/vendor purchases had a lower standard-of-living score and higher dietary diversity and meal scores. Only 2 % of learners were underweight, whereas 19 % were stunted and 21 % were overweight/obese (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2).ConclusionsChildren who carried a lunchbox to school appeared to have greater dietary diversity, consumed more regular meals, had a higher standard of living and greater nutritional self-efficacy compared with those who did not carry a lunchbox to school.

scholarly journals HIV-1 seroprevalence in the general population of Salvador, Bahia State, Northeast Brazil

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inês Dourado ◽  
Craig A. Milroy ◽  
Marco Antônio Gomes Mello ◽  
Geraldo Argolo Ferraro ◽  
Humberto Castro-Lima Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Dna Amplification ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Subtype B ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Hiv 1

To estimate HIV-1 seroprevalence in the general population of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, we conducted a cross-sectional survey of 3,437 residents from 1998 to 2000. Subjects were drawn from 30 sentinel areas representing a wide range of living conditions. Plasma samples were screened for HIV-1 antibodies by ELISA and confirmed by immunofluorescent assay. Subtype determination by HMA was performed after proviral DNA amplification. Phylogenetic analysis using parsimony was performed with the neighbor-joining method. Overall HIV-1 seroprevalence was 0.55% (19/3,446): 0.8% for men and 0.36% for women. Seroprevalence was higher in the 31-45-year age group (1%) and among persons with family income less than twice the minimum wage (0.78%) as compared to 0.33% for the higher income group. Syphilis was detected in 37% of HIV seropositive individuals. Phylogenetic inferences identified 10 samples as subtype B in the env region and 2 samples with Benv/Fgag/Fpol and Fenv/Bgag. Age > 30 years, male gender, and income < 2 times the minimum wage were identified as risk factors for HIV-1 infection. Extrapolating the proportion of seropositive individuals to Salvador, the number of HIV-1 infected individuals was estimated at 13,750.

scholarly journals Acute lower respiratory illness in under-five children in Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil: prevalence and risk factors

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1429-1438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvio O. M. Prietsch ◽  
Gilberto B. Fischer ◽  
Juraci A. César ◽  
Berenice S. Lempek ◽  
Luciano V. Barbosa Jr. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Acute Lower Respiratory Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Maternal Schooling ◽  
The City

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of acute lower respiratory illness and to identify associated factors among children less than five years of age in the city of Rio Grande, southern Brazil. Using a cross-sectional survey, a standardized household questionnaire was applied to mothers or guardians. Information was collected on household conditions, socioeconomic status, and parental smoking. Prenatal care attendance, nutritional status, breastfeeding pattern, and use of health services for the children were also investigated. Data analysis was based on prevalence ratios and logistic regression, using a conceptual framework. Among 771 children studied, 23.9% presented acute lower respiratory illness. The main risk factors were previous episodes of acute lower respiratory infection or wheezing, crowding, maternal schooling less than five years, monthly family income less than US$ 200, four or more people per room, asthma in family members, and maternal smoking. Mothers 30 years or older were identified as a protective factor. These results can help define specific measures to reduce morbidity and mortality due to acute lower respiratory illness in this setting.

scholarly journals Do Socioeconomic Conditions Explain Ethnic Inequalities in Tooth Loss among US Adults?

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
Fatma W. Nazer ◽  
Wael Sabbah
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Tooth Loss ◽  
Family Income ◽  
The United States ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Ethnic Inequalities

<p class="Pa7"><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess whether there are ethnic differences in tooth loss among adult Americans aged &lt;40 years and whether socioeconomic position attenuates these differences if they exist.</p><p class="Pa7"><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were from the 2014 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, a health-related telephone cross-sectional survey of a nationally representative sample of US adults. Tooth loss (one tooth or more) was used as the outcome variable. Ethnicity was the main explanatory variable. Family income, education and health insurance were also used in the analysis. Logistic regression models for tooth loss were constructed adjusting for demographic (age, sex, and ethnicity), socioeconomic indica­tors (income and education), health insur­ance, dental visits, smoking and diabetes.</p><p class="Pa7"><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 76,273 participants were included in the analysis. The prevalence of tooth loss was highest among Blacks (33.7%). Hispanics and other ethnic groups had a higher prevalence of tooth loss than Whites, 29.1% (95%CI: 27.7-30.6), 22.0% (95%CI: 20.3-23.8), and 20.8% (95%CI: 20.2-21.4), respectively. Blacks had odds ra­tios (OR) 1.98 (95%CI: 1.81-2.16) for tooth loss compared with Whites. After adjusting for socioeconomic positions (SEP), the rela­tionship attenuated but remained significant with OR 1.71 (95%CI: 1.55-1.90).</p><p class="Default"><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite recent changes in the health care system in the United States, ethnic inequalities in tooth loss still exist. Income and education partially explained ethnic differences in tooth loss among Americans aged &lt;40 years.</p><p class="Default"><em>Ethn Dis. </em>2018;28(3):201-206; doi:10.18865/ ed.28.3.201</p>

scholarly journals Validation of a food-frequency questionnaire for cohort studies in rural Japan

2003 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiko Ogawa ◽  
Yoshitaka Tsubono ◽  
Yoshikazu Nishino ◽  
Yoko Watanabe ◽  
Takayoshi Ohkubo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Food Frequency Questionnaire ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Food Frequency ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Miyagi Prefecture

AbstractObjectives:To examine the validity and reproducibility of a self-administered food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) used for two cohort studies in Japan.Design:Cross-sectional study.Setting:Two rural towns in the Miyagi Prefecture, in north-eastern Japan.Subjects:Fifty-five men and 58 women.Results:A 40-item FFQ was administered twice, 1 year apart. In the mean time, four 3-day diet records (DRs) were collected in four seasons within the year. We calculated daily consumption of total energy and 15 nutrients, 40 food items and nine food groups from the FFQs and the DRs. We computed Spearman correlation coefficients between the FFQs and the DRs. With adjustment for age, total energy and deattenuation for measurement error with the DRs, the correlation coefficients for nutrient intakes ranged from 0.25 to 0.58 in men and from 0.30 to 0.69 in women, with median of 0.43 and 0.43, respectively. Median (range) of the correlation coefficients was 0.35 (−0.30 to 0.72) in men and 0.34 (−0.06 to 0.75) in women for food items and 0.60 (−0.10 to 0.76) and 0.51 (0.28–0.70) for food groups, respectively. Median (range) of the correlation coefficients for the two FFQs administered 1 year apart was 0.49 (0.31–0.71) in men and 0.50 (0.40–0.64) in women for nutrients, 0.43 (0.14–0.76) and 0.45 (0.06–0.74) respectively for food items, and 0.50 (0.30–0.70) and 0.57 (0.39–0.66) respectively for food groups. Relatively higher agreement percentages for intakes of nutrients and food groups with high validity were obtained together with lower complete disagreement percentages.Conclusions:The FFQ has a high reproducibility and a reasonably good validity, and is useful in assessing the usual intakes of nutrients, foods and food groups among a rural Japanese population.

scholarly journals Sleeping Disorders in Healthy Individuals with Different Dietary Patterns and BMI, Questionnaire Assessment

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 12285
Author(s):  
Magda Piekarska ◽  
Martyna Pszczółka ◽  
Damian Parol ◽  
Paweł Szewczyk ◽  
Daniel Śliż ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Fruit And Vegetables ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sleeping Disorders ◽  
Athens Insomnia Scale ◽  
Public Health Workers

The COVID-19 pandemic and abiding restrictions have affected every life domain. Sleep disturbances are a major health issue that is linked with a higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome, obesity, and psychological burdens. Research of sleeping disorders among vegetarian and non-vegetarian subpopulations is limited. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of sleeping disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic among people with different dietary patterns. Using a web-based cross-sectional survey, data were collected from 1987 people. A total of 1956 respondents met all study conditions. The questionnaire consisted of sociodemographic information, assessment of dietary habits, and assessment of the prevalence of insomnia and sleepiness, based on the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). A total of 36.04% (n = 705) respondents declared that they noticed a change in the quality of their sleep during the last year. According to AIS and ESS, non-vegetarians suffered from insomnia or sleepiness more often than vegetarians. Insomnia and sleepiness were also more prevalent among those respondents who declared consumption of fruit and vegetables less often than once a day compared with those who consumed fruit and vegetables daily. Respondents with BMI within the recommended limit (18.5–24.99) suffered from insomnia less often when compared with underweight (BMI < 18.5) or obese (BMI ≥ 25) respondents. Those results may be useful for public health workers and medical professionals in terms of establishing new instruments that help treat sleeping disorders.

scholarly journals Anaemia among young male workers in Alexandria, Egypt

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 1005-1016 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Curtale ◽  
M. Abdel Fattah ◽  
M. El Shazly ◽  
M. Youssef Shamy ◽  
F. El Sahn
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Socioeconomic Conditions ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Intestinal Parasitic Infections ◽  
Main Factor ◽  
Male Workers

In a cross-sectional survey, we investigated exposure to and the presence of factors associated with anaemia, such as socioeconomic conditions, dietary habits, intestinal parasitic infections and lead among 355 young male workers [7-19 years of age]employed in private workshops. Of the total study sample, 44.5% [158 participants]were found to be anaemic. The major risk factors for anaemia were multiple parasitic infection, high intensity of parasitic [Ascaris lumbricoides]infection and drinking tea soon after a meal. A significantly lower prevalence of anaemia was noted after Ramadan; it appeared to be the main factor associated with the presence or absence of anaemia and warrants further attention.

Relationships between physical activity, food choices, gender and BMI in Southern Californian teenagers

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaclyn B. Gaylis ◽  
Susan S. Levy ◽  
Shiloah Kviatkovsky ◽  
Rebecca DeHamer ◽  
Mee Young Hong
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Food Choices ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Red Meat ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Healthy Food ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Given the increased prevalence of pediatric obesity and risk of developing chronic disease, there has been great interest in preventing these conditions during childhood by focusing on healthy lifestyle habits, including nutritious eating and physical activity (PA). The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between PA, body mass index (BMI) and food choices in adolescent males and females. This cross-sectional study, using a survey questionnaire, evaluated 1212 Southern Californian adolescents’ self-reported PA, BMI and food frequency. Results revealed that even though males are more active than females, they have higher BMI percentile values (p < 0.05). Females consumed salad, vegetables and fruit more frequently than males (p < 0.05), where males consumed hamburgers, pizza, red meat, processed meat, eggs, fish, fruit juice, soda and whole milk more frequently than females (p < 0.05). Overweight/obese teens consumed red meat, processed meat and cheese more frequently than healthy weight teens (p < 0.05), yet there was no difference in PA between healthy and overweight/obese teens. These results demonstrate that higher levels of PA may not counteract an unhealthy diet. Even though PA provides numerous metabolic and health benefits, this study suggests that healthy food choices may have a protective effect against overweight and obesity. Healthy food choices, along with PA, should be advocated to improve adolescent health by encouraging maintenance of a healthy weight into adulthood.

scholarly journals A comparison of dietary habits among women in Japan and Hawaii

2004 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yumie Takata ◽  
Gertraud Maskarinec ◽  
Adrian Franke ◽  
Chisato Nagata ◽  
Hiroyuki Shimizu
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Products ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Japanese Women ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Food Frequency ◽  
Chronic Disease Risk ◽  
Caucasian Women

AbstractObjective:To compare the dietary habits of Japanese women in Japan with those of Japanese and Caucasian women living in Hawaii.Design:Data from two previous cross-sectional studies conducted within two years in Hawaii and Gifu, Japan were pooled and analysed. Dietary intakes were assessed with validated food-frequency questionnaires and urine samples were collected for isoflavone measurement.Setting:Participants were recruited through mammography clinics in both locations.Subjects:In Hawaii, 164 Caucasian and 146 Japanese women; in Japan, 206 women.Results:Dietary habits differed considerably by ethnicity and location. In comparison to the Caucasian diet, the diet in Japan was relatively low in fat and high in carbohydrates and protein, whereas the Japanese women in Hawaii reported intermediate intakes. Japanese women in Gifu consumed a diet that was relatively high in fish, soy, eggs and vegetables, and low in fruits, dairy products and meat. In contrast, the Caucasian women consumed the most dairy products and fruits and the Japanese women in Hawaii reported the highest grain and meat intakes.Conclusions:The diet of Japanese women in Hawaii appeared to be a combination of foods eaten in Japan and the dietary habits of Caucasian women in Hawaii, but eating habits in Japan are also different from traditional nutritional patterns. This study illustrates several problems related to dietary comparisons across populations and provides information for future investigations on chronic disease risk.

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