Mineralogical Composition and Some Physicochemical Properties of two Clay Soils Developed in Material Deposited During the Saalian Glacial Phase

1982 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Peter M⊘berg
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Clay Soils

scholarly journals Physicochemical Properties of Handere Clays and Their Use as a Building Material

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasin Erdoğan
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Volcanic Glass ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Loss On Ignition ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Clay Deposits

Handere clay deposits were discovered at Adana in Turkey. These clay units primarily consist of uncoloured claystone, pebbly sandstone, sandstone, siltstone, and mudstone marl and include gypsum lenses and clay levels of various thicknesses in places. The physicochemical properties of these clays have been investigated by different techniques including Scanning Electron and Elemental Analysis (SEM and EDS), mineralogical analyses, chemical and physical analyses, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), and Atterberg (Consistency) Limits Test. The mineralogical composition deduced from XRD is wide (smectite + palygorskite + illite ± feldspar ± chlorite ± quartz ± calcite ± serpentine) due to the high smectite contents (≈85%). SEM studies reveal that smectite minerals are composed of irregular platy leaves and show honeycomb pattern in the form of wavy leaves in places. The leaves presenting an array with surface edge contact are usually concentrated in the dissolution voids and fractures of volcanic glass. Organic matter content and loss on ignition analysis of raw materials are good for all the studied samples. In summary, Handere clays can be used as building materials in bricks, roof tiles, and cement and as a binder.

Mineralogical and physicochemical characterization of selected Portuguese Mesozoic-Cenozoic muddy/clayey raw materials to be potentially used as healing clays

Clay Minerals ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rebelo ◽  
F. Rocha ◽  
E. Ferreira Da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Mineral Water ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Water Mixture ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Geological Formations

AbstractThe use of pelitic geological materials for the treatment of muscle-bone-skin pathologies, by application of a cataplasm made of clay and mineral water mixture, is currently receiving attention and interest from the general public and scientific community. In Portugal there are several natural occurrences of clays/muds which are used for pelotherapy and/or geotherapy. These are carried out either indoors (thalassotherapy and thermal centres) or outdoors, in natural sites generally located near the seaside. The aim of this study is to assess the mineralogical and physicochemical properties of Portuguese raw materials for therapeutic purposes. These materials were collected from different Portuguese Mesozoic-Cenozoic geological formations located in the neighbourhood of thermal centres or at beaches known from their empirical applications. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS) were used to assess the mineralogical composition of these clays. Physicochemical properties, such as specific surface area, cation exchange capacity, plasticity/abrasiveness indices and heat diffusiveness were also determined. Having distinct geological ages and genesis, the materials examined are mainly illitic. Less abundant kaolinite and smectite are also present. With respect to their physicochemical properties, all samples have good thermal properties which make them potentially suitable for therapeutic or aesthetic purposes.

scholarly journals The Potential for Lunar and Martian Regolith Simulants to Sustain Plant Growth: A Multidisciplinary Overview

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Giuseppe Duri ◽  
Antonio Giandonato Caporale ◽  
Youssef Rouphael ◽  
Simona Vingiani ◽  
Mario Palladino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Dynamic Environment ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Martian Regolith

Bioregenerative life support systems (BLSS) are conceived of and developed so as to provide food sources for crewed missions to the Moon or Mars. The in situ resource utilization (ISRU) approach aims to reduce terrestrial input into a BLSS by using native regoliths and recycled organic waste as primary resources. The combination of BLSS and ISRU may allow sustainable food production on Moon and Mars. This task poses several challenges, including the effects of partial gravity, the limited availability of oxygen and water, and the self-sustaining management of resources. Lunar and Martian regoliths are not available on Earth; therefore, space research studies are conducted on regolith simulants that replicate the physicochemical properties of extra-terrestrial regoliths (as assessed in situ by previous missions). This review provides an overview of the physicochemical properties and mineralogical composition of commercially available Lunar and Martian regolith simulants. Subsequently, it describes potential strategies and sustainable practices for creating regolith simulants akin to terrestrial soil, which is a highly dynamic environment where microbiota and humified organic matter interact with the mineral moiety. These strategies include the amendment of simulants with composted organic wastes, which can turn nutrient-poor and alkaline crushed rocks into efficient life-sustaining substrates equipped with enhanced physical, hydraulic, and chemical properties. In this regard, we provide a comprehensive analysis of recent scientific works focusing on the exploitation of regolith simulant-based substrates as plant growth media. The literature discussion helps identify the main critical aspects and future challenges related to sustainable space farming by the in situ use and enhancement of Lunar and Martian resources.

scholarly journals Cations extraction of sandy-clay soils from cavado valley, portugal, using sodium salts solutions

2002 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-371
Author(s):  
João Eudes da Silva ◽  
Fernando Castro
Keyword(s):  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Clay Soils ◽  
Clay Material ◽  
Sulphate Content ◽  
Sodium Salts ◽  
North West ◽  
Sandy Clay ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Agricultural Areas

Cases of contamination by metals in the water wells of the Cavado Valley in north-west Portugal can be attributed to the heavy leaching of clay soils due to an excess of nitrogen resulting from the intensive use of fertilisers in agricultural areas. This work focuses on the natural weathering characteristics of soils, particularly the clay material, through the study of samples collected near the River Cavado. Samples taken from various sites, after physico-chemical characterisation, were subjected to clay dissolution tests, using sodium salts of different ionic forces, to detect the relationship between certain physico-chemical parameters of water, such as pH, nitrate, chloride and sulphate content, in the dissolution of clay and the subsequent extraction of such cations as Al, Fe and K. In acidic sandy clay soils, the mineralogical composition of which was characterised by a predominance of quartz, micas, kaolinite and K-feldspars, decreases of the clay material/water pH ratio increases dissolution of the micaceous and K-feldspars phases. The presence of nitrates in the aqueous solution apparently advanced the extraction of all three cations Al, Fe and K. The specific surface area of the clay material showed a significant correlation with the main kinetic parameters of cation extraction.

Electrochemical study of the corrosion rate of API steels in clay soils

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.M. Quej-Ake ◽  
J. Marín-Cruz ◽  
A. Contreras
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
Corrosion Process ◽  
Clay Soils ◽  
Tropical Zone ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ir Drop ◽  
Corrosion Susceptibility

Purpose The purpose of this paper was to study the corrosion process of API X52, X60, X65, X70 and X80 steels exposed to two clay soils collected in two states of Mexico (Tabasco and Campeche). To saturate the soils, 60 mL of deionized water was added to simulate the conditions for dry and wet season, due to in field, the climate change could modifies the physicochemical properties of the soils for each season of the year and this generate a variable environment, which affect the electrochemical responses on steel–soil interface. Design/methodology/approach The corrosion evaluation was carried out simulating the conditions of deteriorated coating (bare steel); this includes steel surface exposed to clay soil affected by seasonal fluctuations in a tropical zone. These soils were characterized, without any further treatment as were found in the field (dry season). Moreover, some samples were taken and prepared to analyze in laboratory. For each soil sample, 60 mL of deionized water was added to simulate the rainy season (saturated soils). Electrochemical evaluations were carried out after 3 h of exposure time at room temperature. Because soil is a system with high resistivity and impedance, it is necessary to carry out IR-drop compensation using two platinum rods that were used as an auxiliary electrode. In addition, the IR-drop correction obtained from the experimental potentiodynamic curves was investigated. Findings In clay from Campeche (Clay-C), the more susceptible steel to corrosion was X65, whereas in clay from Tabasco (Clay-T), the more susceptible steel to corrosion was X80 steel. Electrochemical results show that despite higher-degree steels providing higher strength and hardness, the order of corrosion susceptibility is random, which can be attributed to different microstructures in the steels. The complexity of the corrosion process on five steels was evident when steel samples were exposed to different soils. The higher corrosion rate was obtained in X65 steel (0.5 mm/year). Practical implications The paper clearly identifies any implication for the research. Originality/value The electrochemical responses of different steels exposed in two types of clay soil explained the corrosion complexity that can be attributed to changes in physicochemical properties of the soils, which are because of changes in seasons (dry and rainy) and the microstructure of each steel related to the process of fabrication. Suggesting that the increase in mechanical properties such as hardness and resistance of the pipeline steels could not be associated with its corrosion resistance, the corrosion susceptibility is more dependent on the microstructure of the steels.

Pouvoir fixateur vis-à-vis des ions phosphate de sols tropicaux à argile 1:1

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Frossard ◽  
M. Brossard ◽  
C. Feller ◽  
J. Rouiller
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Clay Soils ◽  
Exchange Method ◽  
Size Fractions ◽  
Particle Size Fractions ◽  
Particle Size Fractionation ◽  
Low Activity

This study was aimed to clarify the influence of secondary mineral constituents (iron and aluminium oxides, kaolinite) and organic matter on the determination of the phosphate-fixing capacity (PFIX) of well-drained low-activity clay soils. This study was done on soil samples (0–2 mm) and on their particle size fractions. The phosphate-fixing capacity, estimated by an isotopic exchange method, was highly related to the total iron content of the soils. The phosphate-fixing capacity of the particle size fractions was related to their mineralogical composition, and to the organisation of their constituents. H2O2 strongly increased the phosphate-fixing capacity of the soils and of their particle size fractions. Two hypotheses were proposed to explain this. Either H2O2 caused the formation in vitro of amorphous constituents with a high phosphate fixing capacity; or the destruction of organic matter by H2O2 caused the apparition of new surfaces previously masked by organo-mineral aggregation and/or caused the apparition on surfaces of fixation sites previously occupied by organic compounds. Key words: Phosphate-fixing capacity, low-activity clay soils, particle size fractionation, mineralogy, organic matter, H2O2 effect

scholarly journals Effect of quick lime on physicochemical properties of clay soil

2018 ◽  
Vol 149 ◽  
pp. 02065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Mustapha Bessaim ◽  
Aicha Bessaim ◽  
Hanifi Missoum ◽  
Karim Bendani
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Clay Soils ◽  
Relevant Parameter ◽  
Clayey Soils ◽  
Soil Matrix ◽  
Quick Lime ◽  
Water Sensitivity ◽  
Irreparable Damage

Clay soils are known for their water sensitivity, which causes irreparable damage to any structure built on this type of soil. In order to avoid such problem, it is necessary to use various improvement and stabilization methods such as treatment with lime. This process has been used successfully in the field for decades. The addition of lime generates various physicochemical reactions within the soil such as cation exchange and pozzolanic reactions which are largely responsible for the improvement of the soil in question. This paper presents a study concerning the variation of physicochemical properties of clayey soil with the addition of quicklime at different percentages. Experiments were performed on two clayey soils (CL type) in order to investigate the influence of quicklime on Atterberg limits and pH. These tests were carried out in an attempt to study and follow the development and progression of various reactions occurred within the soil with various lime percentages. The results show that the addition of quicklime causes a significant improvement in soil properties by reducing plasticity and thereby improves the soil workability. It can also be found that the addition of lime increase pH of soil, which allow activating pozzolanic reactions who tend to stabilize the soil in question by formation of cementitious compounds. Finally, the pH can be considered as a relevant parameter who allows a better understanding of the reactions that occur in the soil matrix.

STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION OF A BENTONITE DEPOSIT FROM THE EASTERN IRAN; COMPARISON WITH TWO REFERENCE BENTONITES

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-162
Author(s):  
Samira DOLATI ◽  
◽  
Mohsen KALANI
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Eastern Iran ◽  
High Fraction

Mineralogically, bentonites are dominated by smectites and due to characteristic textural and physicochemical properties of smectites (e.g. very small particle sizes, high cation exchange capacity) are of a great use in industrial applications. In this study, a bentonite sample was characterized with regard to the particle size distribution, mineralogical composition and cation exchange capacity in comparison with the data for the two internationally well-known bentonites representative for Na- and Ca-bentonites: the Mx-80 bentonite of Wyoming, USA and that of Milos, Greece, respectively. Results show a high fraction of fine-grained particles, which demonstrates high yield of purified clay. Mineralogically, the studied bentonite comprises mainly smectites and expandable illite-smectite mixed layer clay minerals. Main accessory minerals are calcite, silica polymorphs and zeolites. The specific surface area and cation exchange capacity values are 330.3 (m2g-1) and 42.2 (meq/100 g), respectively. It is concluded that the mineralogical, textural and the measured physicochemical properties of the studied bentonite is applicable to the applications in oil industry and its related environment maintenance related issues.

Preparation and characterisation of vanadium pentoxide supported rhodium catalyst

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 946-947
Author(s):  
A. Legrouri
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Vanadium Pentoxide ◽  
High Purity ◽  
Gas Adsorption ◽  
Rhodium Catalyst ◽  
Optical Methods ◽  
Reducible Oxides

The industrial importance of metal catalysts supported on reducible oxides has stimulated considerable interest during the last few years. This presentation reports on the study of the physicochemical properties of metallic rhodium supported on vanadium pentoxide (Rh/V2O5). Electron optical methods, in conjunction with other techniques, were used to characterise the catalyst before its use in the hydrogenolysis of butane; a reaction for which Rh metal is known to be among the most active catalysts.V2O5 powder was prepared by thermal decomposition of high purity ammonium metavanadate in air at 400 °C for 2 hours. Previous studies of the microstructure of this compound, by HREM, SEM and gas adsorption, showed it to be non— porous with a very low surface area of 6m2/g3. The metal loading of the catalyst used was lwt%Rh on V2Q5. It was prepared by wet impregnating the support with an aqueous solution of RhCI3.3H2O.

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