Assessment of crop usage in ad libitum fed birds and short-term phytase efficiency as affected by acid addition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siril Kristoffersen ◽  
Zuzanna Wiśniewska ◽  
Sebastian Kaczmarek ◽  
Torger Gjefsen ◽  
Nils Petter Kjos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Short Term ◽  
Acid Addition ◽  
Ad Libitum

Short-term effects of milkshake containing polydextrose and maltodextrin on subjective feelings of appetite, energy intake and blood glucose in healthy females

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
İsmail Mücahit Alptekin ◽  
Ece Erdoğan ◽  
Aylin İşler ◽  
Esma Cansu Yanalak ◽  
Funda Pınar Çakiroğlu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽  
Dietary Fibers ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Desire To Eat ◽  
Healthy Females

Purpose Previous studies have reported that dietary fibers such as polydextrose and maltodextrin can reduce food intake; however, the studies on the differences of this effect are insufficient. The purpose of this paper is to compare the effects of dietary fibers maltodextrin and polydextrose on alterations of short-term satiety, energy intake and postprandial blood glucose in healthy females. Design/methodology/approach This study was designed as a randomized, crossover and double blind research. For this purpose, 21 healthy females consumed a milkshake containing 0 g (control), 15 g polydextrose (PDX) and 15 g maltodextrin (MDX), and an ad libitum lunch meal was served 150 min later. Subjective appetite scores (hunger, satiety, prospective food consumption and desire to eat) were measured using a visual analog scale. Appetite scores and blood glucose were measured before preload and once per 15 min after milkshake consumption. Findings Visual analog scale scores showed that PDX had an improved effect on satiety and hunger feelings. Compared to the control, dietary fiber increased the Area Under Curve (AUC) scores of satiety (p < 0.001) and decreased the AUC scores of hunger (p < 0.001), prospective food consumption (p < 0.001) and desire to eat (p < 0.001). Energy intake during ad libitum meal was significantly lower in PDX (Control: 862 (54.3) Kcal versus PDX: 679 (35.4) Kcal and MDX: 780 (49.3) Kcal. Moreover, the blood glucose levels were significantly lower in MDX. Originality/value This study conducted with healthy females demonstrated that PDX was more effective in inducing satiety during subsequent food intake, and that postprandial blood glucose were within more healthy levels in MDX.

scholarly journals Using Sensory Cues to Optimise the Satiety Value of a Reduced-Calorie Product Labelled ‘Healthier Choice’

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keri McCrickerd ◽  
Priscilla Pei Sian Tay ◽  
Claudia Shuning Tang ◽  
Ciarán Gerard Forde
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Sensory Quality ◽  
Unintended Effects ◽  
Sensory Cues ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Label Product ◽  
Label Information ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
The Impact

Reformulation strategies to reduce the energy density of commonly consumed foods and beverages are intended to support weight management, but expectations generated by labelling these as ‘healthier’ alternatives can have unintended effects on the product’s sensory evaluations and consumption behaviours. We compared the impact of four different strategies for presenting a lower-calorie beverage to consumers on product perceptions, short-term appetite and energy intake. Participants (N = 112) consumed higher- (211 kcal/portion) and lower-calorie (98 kcal/portion) fixed-portion soymilks in the morning across two test days, with the lower-calorie version presented in one of four contexts varying in label information and sensory quality: (1) sensory-matched/unlabelled, (2) sensory-matched/labelled, (3) sensory-reduced (less sweet and creamy)/labelled, and (4) sensory-enhanced (sweeter and creamier)/labelled. The label was Singapore’s Healthier Choice Symbol, which also highlighted that the soymilk was lower calorie. Changes in reported appetite, ad libitum lunch intake, and self-reported intake for the rest of the text day were recorded. Results indicated that total energy intake was consistently lower on the days the lower calorie beverages were consumed, regardless of how they were presented. However, the ‘healthier choice’ label increased hunger prior to lunch and reduced the soymilks’ perceived thickness and sweetness compared to the same unlabelled version. Increasing the product’s sensory intensity successfully maintained liking, experienced sensory quality and appetite. Results suggest that food companies wanting to explicitly label product reformulations could combine messages of ‘lower calorie’ and ‘healthier choice’ with appropriate taste and texture enhancements to maintain acceptance and avoid negative effects on appetite.

scholarly journals Caloric compensation in infants: developmental changes around the age of 1 year and associations with anthropometric measurements up to 2 years

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (5) ◽  
pp. 1344-1352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauline Brugaillères ◽  
Sylvie Issanchou ◽  
Sophie Nicklaus ◽  
Claire Chabanet ◽  
Camille Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Weight Status ◽  
Developmental Changes ◽  
Breastfeeding Duration ◽  
Individual Factors ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Interindividual Variations ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Milk Feeding

ABSTRACT Background Previous results based on dietary recall suggest that the ability to adjust eaten quantities to food energy density (ED) may deteriorate around the age of 1 y. However, this hypothesis has not been investigated experimentally. Objectives The first aim of the study was to describe changes in the short-term caloric compensation ability of infants around the age of 1 y. We expected a decrease in this ability with age. The second aim was to identify individual factors [e.g., breastfeeding duration, body mass index (BMI) z-score, and change in BMI z-score] related to interindividual variations in caloric compensation ability. Methods We adapted the preload paradigm to calculate a COMPX score. The measure was performed in the laboratory at 11 and 15 mo. The parent offered a food preload that was either low or high in ED (LED = 33 kcal/100 g or HED = 97.9 kcal/100 g, respectively), followed by an ad libitum meal after 25 min. The infants were measured and weighed. Information about the infants’ milk-feeding history was collected. Results We obtained COMPX scores at 11 and 15 mo for 31 infants (12 females). As hypothesized, the caloric compensation ability significantly decreased with age (COMPX11 = 52% ± 133%; COMPX15 = −14% ± 151%; P = 0.03). The more the COMPX score decreased, the more the BMI z-score between 11 and 15 mo increased (P = 0.03) and the higher the BMI z-score was at 2 y (P = 0.03). No associations were found between COMPX scores and breastfeeding duration (all P > 0.60). Conclusions Caloric compensation ability decreases between 11 and 15 mo. This decrease is associated with a larger increase in weight status from 11 to 15 mo and a higher weight status at 2 y. This study calls for further research to better understand the early determinants of caloric compensation ability. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03409042 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03409042).

scholarly journals Effects of White Potato Preparation on Subjective Appetite, Food Intake and Glycemic Response in Healthy Older Adults (P08-083-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Lee ◽  
Robena Amalraj ◽  
Neil Brett ◽  
Sarah Proteau ◽  
Alexander Schwartz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Glycemic Response ◽  
Short Term ◽  
White Potato ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Meal Skipping ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
All Treatment

Abstract Objectives Although some epidemiological studies have linked potato consumption to obesity, diabetes, and mortality, there are limited studies on the effects of potatoes on appetite, food intake, and glycemic regulation in older adults. Therefore, the objective was to compare the effects of white potato preparation on subjective appetite, short-term food intake, and glycemic response in healthy older adults (>65 y). Methods Using a within-subject, repeated-measures design, 20 participants (age: 70.5 ± 0.7 y; BMI: 24.2 ± 0.6 kg/m2) completed five treatment conditions. Following an overnight fast, participants completed five treatment conditions (∼283 kcal) of baked potatoes, mashed potatoes, fried French fries, white bread, or continued to fast. Treatment meals were matched for available carbohydrates (33.1 g) and total fat (13.7 g). Subjective appetite and glycemic response were measured at baseline and over 120 min post-meal consumption using visual analogue scales and capillary blood samples, respectively. An ad libitum pizza lunch was provided to measure food intake at 120 min. Results Change from baseline subjective appetite and subjective appetite incremental area under the curve (iAUC) were lower after all treatment meals compared with meal skipping (P < 0.01). Ad libitum pizza lunch food intake was lower after all treatment meals compared with meal skipping by 175–215 kcal (P < 0.02). However, cumulative food intake (treatment meal + ad libitum food intake) did not differ among test conditions (P = 0.26). Change from baseline blood glucose and blood glucose iAUC were higher after all treatment meals compared with meal skipping (P < 0.001), but did not differ from each other. Conclusions White potatoes suppressed subjective appetite and short-term food intake compared with meal skipping, suggesting that white potatoes do not bypass regulatory control mechanisms of energy intake in healthy older adults. Funding Sources Alliance for Potato Research & Education.

scholarly journals Differing effects of high-fat or high-carbohydrate meals on food hedonics in overweight and obese individuals

2016 ◽  
Vol 115 (10) ◽  
pp. 1875-1884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Hopkins ◽  
Catherine Gibbons ◽  
Phillipa Caudwell ◽  
John E. Blundell ◽  
Graham Finlayson
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Appetite Control ◽  
Short Term ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Food Hedonics

AbstractAlthough the effects of dietary fat and carbohydrate on satiety are well documented, little is known about the impact of these macronutrients on food hedonics. We examined the effects ofad libitumand isoenergetic meals varying in fat and carbohydrate on satiety, energy intake and food hedonics. In all, sixty-five overweight and obese individuals (BMI=30·9 (sd3·8) kg/m2) completed two separate test meal days in a randomised order in which they consumed high-fat/low-carbohydrate (HFLC) or low-fat/high-carbohydrate (LFHC) foods. Satiety was measured using subjective appetite ratings to calculate the satiety quotient. Satiation was assessed by intake atad libitummeals. Hedonic measures of explicit liking (subjective ratings) and implicit wanting (speed of forced choice) for an array of HFLC and LFHC foods were also tested before and after isoenergetic HFLC and LFHC meals. The satiety quotient was greater afterad libitumand isoenergetic meals during the LFHC condition compared with the HFLC condition (P=0·006 andP=0·001, respectively), whereasad libitumenergy intake was lower in the LFHC condition (P<0·001). Importantly, the LFHC meal also reduced explicit liking (P<0·001) and implicit wanting (P=0·011) for HFLC foods compared with the isoenergetic HFLC meal, which failed to suppress the hedonic appeal of subsequent HFLC foods. Therefore, when coupled with increased satiety and lower energy intake, the greater suppression of hedonic appeal for high-fat food seen with LFHC foods provides a further mechanism for why these foods promote better short-term appetite control than HFLC foods.

The effects of short-term overfeeding on ad libitum energy intake in thin and reduced-obese women and men

Appetite ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 284
Author(s):  
M.A. Cornier ◽  
S.S. Von Kaenel ◽  
D.H. Bessesen
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Ad Libitum

scholarly journals Effect of ambient temperature during acute aerobic exercise on short-term appetite, energy intake, and plasma acylated ghrelin in recreationally active males

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 905-909 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy K. Wasse ◽  
James A. King ◽  
David J. Stensel ◽  
Caroline Sunderland
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Core Temperature ◽  
Acylated Ghrelin ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Increase Energy Intake ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Intake Regulation

Ambient temperature during exercise may affect energy intake regulation. Compared with a temperate (20 °C) environment, 1 h of running followed by 6 h of rest tended to decrease energy intake from 2 ad libitum meals in a hot (30 °C) environment but increase energy intake in a cool (10 °C) environment (p = 0.08). Core temperature changes did not appear to mediate this trend; whether acylated ghrelin is involved is unclear. Further research is warranted to clarify these findings.

scholarly journals Novel energy-saving strategies to multiple stressors in birds: the ultradian regulation of body temperature

2016 ◽  
Vol 283 (1839) ◽  
pp. 20161551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn J. Tattersall ◽  
Damien Roussel ◽  
Yann Voituron ◽  
Loïc Teulier
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Multiple Stressors ◽  
Energetic Cost ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Key Sites ◽  
Ad Libitum Feeding ◽  
Reduced Surface ◽  
Internal Body

This study aimed to examine thermoregulatory responses in birds facing two commonly experienced stressors, cold and fasting. Logging devices allowing long-term and precise access to internal body temperature were placed within the gizzards of ducklings acclimated to cold (CA) (5°C) or thermoneutrality (TN) (25°C). The animals were then examined under three equal 4-day periods: ad libitum feeding, fasting and re-feeding. Through the analysis of daily as well as short-term, or ultradian, variations of body temperature, we showed that while ducklings at TN show only a modest decline in daily thermoregulatory parameters when fasted, they exhibit reduced surface temperatures from key sites of vascular heat exchange during fasting. The CA birds, on the other hand, significantly reduced their short-term variations of body temperature while increasing long-term variability when fasting. This phenomenon would allow the CA birds to reduce the energetic cost of body temperature maintenance under fasting. By analysing ultradian regulation of body temperature, we describe a means by which an endotherm appears to lower thermoregulatory costs in response to the combined stressors of cold and fasting.

Long- and short-term effects on intake of pelleting a roughage for sheep

1974 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. D. Greenhalgh ◽  
G. W. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Short Term ◽  
05 C ◽  
Digestive Organs ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Chopped Grass

SUMMARY1. Four groups of eight castrated male lambs, weighing initially about 37 kg, were fed ad libitum for 18 weeks on: C, chopped dried grass throughout; P, pelleted grass throughout; C/P (or P/C), the two forms alternated every 3 weeks; or C + P, both forms on offer.2. Daily dry-matter intake (g/kg W0·75) was 58·2 for treatment C and 814 for treatment P; thus the long-term difference in intake was 40%. However, in the alternated sheep, dry-matter intake was 53·6 g/kg W0·75 for chopped grass and 86·5 g for pelleted; this short-term difference (61%) was significantly greater than the long-term difference. Dry-matter intake for treatment C+P was 84·9 g/kg W0·75; after the first week, chopped grass comprised only 10% of this. Dry-matter digestibility coefficients (%) were: C, 740; P, 61·4 and C+P, 62·0.3. The sheep were killed in week 19 and the dimensions of digestive organs and their contents were adjusted to an animal of 50 kg empty body weight. The weight of the reticulo-rumen was greater for C (1·30 kg) than for P (0·94) or C+ P (1·05), C/P and P/C being inter-mediate (1·15). The water-filled volume of the rumen was proportional to weight, except that C/P (alternated sheep finishing on pelleted grass) had low volumes. Reticulo-rumen fill was greater for C (7·28 kg) than for P (3·97) or C+ P (4·53), P/C (5·90) and C/P (4·34) being intermediate. There were no other significant differences in organs or contents.4. Gains in empty-body weight (g/day) were: C, 112; P, 181; C/P and P/C, 126; C + P, 195.

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