The changing face of the Other in Romanian films

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florentina Andreescu
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Change ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Transition To Democracy ◽  
The Other ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The West ◽  
Foreign Investors ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

This article focuses on how the Other is represented and understood in films produced in Romania during periods of radical political, social and economic change. Specifically it addresses films produced during the years of communism and the planned economy, during the transition to democracy and to capitalism, as well as films produced during the period of democracy, capitalism and membership in the European Union. The research acknowledges two main aspects: the changing face of the Other over time (the socialist state, the foreign investors, the West, etc.) and the consistency of the fantasy structure. More specifically, the relationship between self and the Other generally follows a strict masochist fantasy script in which the Other has the power to constrain freedom, to inflict pain, and to function as an essential element through which pleasure is understood and experienced. The research proposes an understanding of this structure of fantasy, reflected in film through the existence of a national psyche written by the main myths and stories embraced by the society in discussion. This structure of fantasy hails and constructs a certain subject that has a basic masochistic psychic structure.

Myths and Facts Concerning Labour Costs in Poland

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-36
Author(s):  
Anna Krajewska ◽  
Stefan Krajewski
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Foreign Investors ◽  
Labour Costs ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Low Wages

Many opinions have been expressed for years concerning labour costs in Poland. Unsurprisingly, those opinions have been far from consensus. Basically, low wages are treated as a factor increasing the competitiveness of our economy and it is argued that they constitute major proof that Poland is attractive for foreign investors. On the other hand, however, entrepreneurs and various organisations representing them have repeatedly pointed out that high labour costs in Poland are the principal cause of unemployment, growth of grey economy, and low competitiveness of the country's economy. The above problems assumed particular significance after Poland's accession to the European Union. Basing on statistical data and empirical research we try to verify some myths concerning the labour costs in Poland.

1. Context, Background, and Institutions

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-16
Author(s):  
Bernadette Rainey ◽  
Pamela McCormick ◽  
Clare Ovey
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Secretary General ◽  
The Other ◽  
European Convention ◽  
The Political ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Council Of Europe ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter examines the history and institutions associated with the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). It discusses the political context in which the European Convention was drafted and both the political developments and philosophies which shaped its content. It also examines the system of protection provided by the different organs of the Council of Europe; the relationship between those organs and other international courts and tribunals, including the European Union; and the role of the Secretary-General of the Council of Europe, the Commissioner for Human Rights, and the other human rights instruments of the Council of Europe in the enforcement of the human rights provisions.

Mění se pozice evropských výzkumných lídrů?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktorie Klímová ◽  
Vladimír Žítek
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
The Other ◽  
Good Position ◽  
European Research ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Regions ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
The West ◽  
The Czech Republic

The article is based on the assumption that research and development is a crucial source for creating innovations and increasing competitiveness. There are significant disparities in research and development across the regions of the European Union. Some regions have long been considered European research leaders, and other regions perceive them as an inspiration for themselves. However, the position of leaders may not be permanent. The aim of the paper is to assess how stable is the position of European regions, which have long been considered European leaders in R&D. For this purpose, gross and business expenditures on research and development were analysed, and their changes between the periods 2007-2009 and 2015-2017 were assessed. The analysis has shown that the Nordic countries, such as Finland and Sweden, are losing their good position. Increasing research activity has been observed only in the West Sweden region. On the other hand, growing trends have been detected mainly in some regions of Germany, Austria and the Czech Republic.

scholarly journals Wprowadzenie: Westlessness czyli zmierzch Zachodu 2.0?

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-17
Author(s):  
Agnieszka K. Cianciara
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Special Section ◽  
The Other ◽  
Moving Target ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The West ◽  
Global Power ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Rules Of The Game

This article introduces the special section entitled Westlessness or the  Decline of the West 2.0? Whereas the concept of the West remains a moving target and requires the Other – the Rest to exist and thrive, it does organize both global power relations and the way we think about them. Thus the ‘decline of the West’ is not only about material realities, but also about de-legitimizing practices and discourses produced by strategically-acting actors both outside and within the West itself. Whereas Westlessness in the World refers to the weakening ability of shaping the Rest, Westlessness in the West denotes contestation and hollowing-out of the liberal rules of the game in the very centre of the West: the us and the European Union. The question remains as to whether COVID-19 pandemic brings “more of the same”, while amplifying existing trends, or whether it provides for a transformation impulse and possibly Western revival.

scholarly journals Tolerancja jako fundament europejskiej tożsamości

2018 ◽  
pp. 149-164
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Mirosław Jasiński
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Liberal Democracy ◽  
Near East ◽  
The Other ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Muslim Culture

Muslim culture in Europe (mainly in the European Union) and the issue of tolerance, which plays a major role in the relationship between different cultures. The main point of this article is to isolate and describe the types of tolerance (and their incentive substrate). What is more an indication of their use in solving problems arising in multicultural societies, as well as outline the substance of the European cultural identity (its advantages and disadvantages, the ratio of “their” and “foreign” to her - consequences resulting from this). An important aspect of this paper is the influx of immigrants from Africa and Near East countries - related problems, conflicts, threats and the perspective of coexistence. The whole discussion is conducted in relation to the position on the “Other” occupied by modern liberal democracy.

EU–China Cooperation along the New Silk Road

2020 ◽  
pp. 33-66
Author(s):  
Marijk van der Wende
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
European Union ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Modus Operandi ◽  
Policy Actor ◽  
Policy Effects ◽  
Cooperation And Competition ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

This chapter examines higher education cooperation between the European Union (EU) and China in terms of its history, rationales, goals, mechanisms, instruments, and effects. It will first position the EU as a major policy actor in research and higher education and present a short history of its relations with China in these fields. It will sketch how this relationship has evolved over time, including the gradual changes to the modus operandi. An assessment will be made of policy effects and impacts, with a view to the search for a more balanced relationship. To what extent are the EU’s and China’s policies driven by common (global) goals? What are the patterns of convergence, divergence, cooperation, and competition? Are flows, partnerships and conditions for cooperation balanced? Challenges and persistent imbalances will be discussed with a view to how the relationship may be shaped in the next phase.

Does E-Government Promote Transparency and the Fight Against Corruption in the European Union?

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 42-57
Author(s):  
Ursula Faura-Martínez ◽  
Javier Cifuentes-Faura
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Corruption Perception Index ◽  
Public Resources ◽  
Proportional Relationship ◽  
Corruption Perception ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

A study has been carried out on the evolution in recent years (2009-2018) of the interaction between citizens and public administrations in the European Union, as well as the relationship between transparency and e-government. It is also analysed whether those countries where the development of e-government is greater have more transparency and less corruption. The existence of a directly proportional relationship between corruption, measured through the corruption perception index (the higher the value of the index, the less corruption), and the development of e-government has been confirmed. On average, the greater the transparency in the management of public resources in the governments of the European Union, the lower the public's perception of corruption. This ratio is higher in 2009 than in 2018, so that the effect of e-government on corruption attenuates over time, showing that more factors need to be considered in order to explain the perception of corruption.

The ethics of an ambiguous cosmopolitics: citizens and entrepreneurs in the European project

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Owen Parker
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
National Government ◽  
The Other ◽  
European Identity ◽  
The European Union ◽  
High Profile ◽  
European Project ◽  
European Citizenship ◽  
Liberal Government ◽  
The Relationship

This paper reflects on the ethical possibilities and limitations of cosmopolitanism as practice, with particular reference to the contemporary European project. It begins with an exploration of the relationship between what I term a ‘market’ and a ‘legal’ cosmopolitics in the European context. Inspired by Foucault's recently published work on liberal government, the paper argues that these cosmopolitics and the subjectivities that they seek to produce variously overlap, reinforce one another, and conflict in practices of contemporary post-national government: in short, they co-exist in an inherently ambiguous relationship. Animating this argument, the paper considers the politics of European citizenship; it highlights what is at stake, ethically and politically, in the recognition of an ambiguous cosmopolitics. It focuses in particular on the European Union (EU)'s 2004 Directive on the free movement of EU citizens and its relevance in the context of the high-profile deportations of Roma from France in summer 2010. The paper makes the case that the recognition and ongoing identification of an ambiguous cosmopolitics – and, essentially, an ambiguous European identity or ‘us’ – offers the prospect for ongoing resistance by and with those who find themselves designated as the ‘other’ of the European project in particular or of a cosmopolitics in general.

Innovative Entrepreneurship in Poland within Cooperation of the Universities with Enterprises

2016 ◽  
pp. 702-725
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Barcik ◽  
Piotr Dziwiński
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
The Other ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Academic Field ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Knowledge Based Economy ◽  
Innovative Solutions

The main impetus of entrepreneurship development comes undoubtedly at present from innovation based on knowledge, education as well as research and development activities. In Poland, as in all other countries of the European Union, the development and uptake of innovation is one of the pillars of the knowledge-based economy and an essential element of the socio-economic cohesion policy. Despite the fact that Poland shows in recent years, strong economic performance, it ranks in the statistics among the countries with the lowest innovation in the European Union and the process of transferring innovative solutions from science to enterprise still faces many barriers and limitations. On the other hand the increasing awareness of the importance of science and knowledge is to be observed not only in academic field but in practice too. More often different forms of cooperation between universities and entrepreneurs are undertaken. Based on innovative projects the chapter is intended to analyze and evaluate the development of innovative entrepreneurship in Poland, taking into account the factors shaping it as well as the mechanism of science and business cooperation.

scholarly journals Beyond the Involution of Europe? Monism and Relations with Russia. Part 2

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-76
Author(s):  
Richard Sakwa
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Cold War ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mutual Understanding ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The West ◽  
Post Cold War ◽  
Recent Emergence ◽  
Classical Realism ◽  
The One

The crisis in relations between Russia and the European Union (EU) is part of the broader breakdown of the post-Cold War security order. This essay focuses on structural interpretation and identifies four interlinked processes shaping the crisis: tension between the logic of the enlargement and transformation; a dynamic of involution and resistance; the problem of monism, whereby the expanding self is unable adequately to engage with the un-integrated other; and the recent emergence of ‘other Europes’ that may potentially overcome involution. The erosion of the Atlantic system provides an opportunity for delayed institutional and ideational innovation. Based on the methodology of classical realism and modern constructivist theories, the author analyzes how the lack of mutual understanding and mistakes in understanding the intentions and actions of Russia, on the one hand, and the West, on the other, led to deep structural and cognitive contradictions that managed to renew confrontation between the Euro-Atlantic bloc and Russia. The author comes to the conclusion that the impossibility of implementing the “Greater Europe” project with the participation of Russia led to a deepening of the contradictions between Russia and the West, and also forced Moscow to look for an alternative to European integration in the “Greater Eurasia” project. At the same time, the European Union also entered a crisis stage, as evidenced by Brexit.

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