Applications of nanoparticles for mitigating salinity and drought stress in plants: an overview on the physiological, biochemical and molecular genetic aspects

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-31
Author(s):  
Yasmin M. Heikal ◽  
Mohamed A. El-Esawi ◽  
Enas M. El-Ballat ◽  
Heba M. M. Abdel-Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Molecular Genetic

scholarly journals The Vascular Pathogen Verticillium longisporum Does Not Affect Water Relations and Plant Responses to Drought Stress of Its Host, Brassica napus

2017 ◽  
Vol 107 (4) ◽  
pp. 444-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Teshome Lopisso ◽  
Jessica Knüfer ◽  
Birger Koopmann ◽  
Andreas von Tiedemann
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Leaf Water Content ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Verticillium Longisporum

Verticillium longisporum is a host-specific vascular pathogen of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) that causes economic crop losses by impairing plant growth and inducing premature senescence. This study investigates whether plant damage through Verticillium stem striping is due to impaired plant water relations, whether V. longisporum affects responses of a susceptible B. napus variety to drought stress, and whether drought stress, in turn, affects plant responses to V. longisporum. Two-factorial experiments on a susceptible cultivar of B. napus infected or noninfected with V. longisporum and exposed to three watering levels (30, 60, and 100% field capacity) revealed that drought stress and V. longisporum impaired plant growth by entirely different mechanisms. Although both stresses similarly affected plant growth parameters (plant height, hypocotyl diameter, and shoot and root dry matter), infection of B. napus with V. longisporum did not affect any drought-related physiological or molecular genetic plant parameters, including transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, photosynthesis rate, water use efficiency, relative leaf water content, leaf proline content, or the expression of drought-responsive genes. Thus, this study provides comprehensive physiological and molecular genetic evidence explaining the lack of wilt symptoms in B. napus infected with V. longisporum. Likewise, drought tolerance of B. napus was unaffected by V. longisporum, as was the level of disease by drought conditions, thus excluding a concerted action of both stresses in the field. Although it is evident that drought and vascular infection with V. longisporum impair plant growth by different mechanisms, it remains to be determined by which other factors V. longisporum causes crop loss.

scholarly journals Relationships between canopy assimilation surface capacity traits and grain productivity of winter wheat genotypes under drought stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Morgun ◽  
G. Pryadkina ◽  
O. Stasik ◽  
O. Zborivska
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Grain Productivity ◽  
Chlorophyll Index

Aim. A comparative analysis of several traits of the capacity of the assimilation apparatus of 10 varieties and 2 lines of winter wheat from Ukraine, under conditions of insuffi cient precipitation and elevated air temperature during the period, when the reproductive organs formed (GS 30–49), in order to search for phenotypic markers associated with high productivity. Methods. Field, morphometric, spectrophotometric and statistical methods were used. Results. The maximum difference in yield between varieties and lines, which grew under condi- tions of insuffi cient water supply and high temperatures in April and May of growing season 2017/2018, was 24.7 %. Under these conditions, the highest grain productivity was observed for the new varieties Pochayna, Hospodarka and Kyivska 17 (8.60–8.73 t/ha) and a high canopy leaves chlorophyll index at late stages of ontogenesis (0.38-0.48 g chlorophyll/m 2 at milky-wax ripeness). This was opposed to varieties Smuhlianka, Poradnytsia and the line UK 392/15 with the lowest yield (7.00–7.25 t/ha) and assimilation surface at this stage (0.07–0.17 g chlorophyll/m 2 ). At the fl owering stage (anthesis) the most productive varieties exceeded the least productive ones, on average, by 30 % in leaves fresh weight of the canopy, by 24 % in content of total (a+b) chlorophyll and by 60 % in canopy chlorophyll index. At milky-wax ripeness, the differences between these varieties increased signifi cantly – up to 136 % in leaf fresh weight of canopy, 57 % in chlorophyll content and 350 % in canopy leaves chlorophyll index. A close positive correlation (r = 0.69–0.77, P ˂ 0.01) between the canopy photosynthetic apparatus traits at milky-wax ripeness with the yield of varieties and lines of winter wheat under drought and high temperature stress was found. Conclusions. The results show that the leaves fresh weight of canopy and canopy leaves chlorophyll index can be used as markers of grain productivity of winter wheat under drought stress, as well as for the possible development of molecular genetic criteria of breeding, based on these phenotypic characteristics.

scholarly journals Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals the Effects of Drought on the Biosynthesis of Methyleugenol in Asarum sieboldii Miq.

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1233
Author(s):  
Fawang Liu ◽  
Tahir Ali ◽  
Zhong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Perennial Herb ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
The Family ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms ◽  
Effects Of Drought ◽  
Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis

Asarum sieboldii Miq., a perennial herb in the family Aristolochiaceae, is widely used to treat colds, fever, headache and toothache in China. However, little is known about the drought-tolerance characteristics of A. sieboldii. In this study, to elucidate the molecular–genetic mechanisms of drought-stress tolerance of A. sieboldii, RNA-seq was conducted. In total, 53,344 unigenes were assembled, and 28,715 unigenes were annotated. A total of 6444 differential-expression unigenes (DEGs) were found, which were mainly enriched in phenylpropanoid, starch and sucrose metabolic pathways. Drought stress revealed significant up-regulation of the unigenes encoding PAL, C4H, HCT, C3H, CCR and IGS in the methyleugenol-biosynthesis pathway. Under the condition of maintaining drought for 15 days and 30 days, drought stress reduced the biosynthesis of volatile oil by 24% and 38%, respectively, while the production of key medicinal ingredients (such as methyl eugenol) was increased. These results provide valuable information about the diverse mechanisms of drought resistance in the A. sieboldii, and the changes in the expression of the genes involved in methyleugenol biosynthesis in response to drought stress.

Flavonoid profiling by LC-MS IN 14 – 3-3ν knockout mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana during drought stress conditions

Planta Medica ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 80 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
F Nabbie ◽  
O Shperdheja ◽  
J Millot ◽  
J Lindberg ◽  
B Peethambaran
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Knockout Mutants

Molecular genetic markers for thyroid FNAB

2015 ◽  
Vol 54 (03) ◽  
pp. 94-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. B. Musholt ◽  
T. J. Musholt
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Ultrasound Screening ◽  
Thyroid Malignancy ◽  
Thyroid Carcinomas ◽  
Molecular Genetic Markers ◽  
The Impact

SummaryAim: Thyroid nodules > 1 cm are observed in about 12% of unselected adult employees aged 18–65 years screened by ultrasound scan (40). While intensive ultrasound screening leads to early detection of thyroid diseases, the determination of benign or malignant behaviour remains uncertain and may trigger anxieties in many patients and their physicians. A considerable number of thyroid resections are consecutively performed due to suspicion of malignancy in the detected nodes. Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) has been recommended for the assessment of thyroid nodules to facilitate detection of thyroid carcinomas but also to rule out malignancy and thereby avoid unnecessary thyroid resections. However, cytology results are dependent on experience of the respective cytologist and unfortunately inconclusive in many cases. Methods: Molecular genetic markers are already used nowadays to enhance sensitivity and specificity of FNAB cytology in some centers in Germany. The most clinically relevant molecular genetic markers as pre-operative diagnostic tools and the clinical implications for the intraoperative and postoperative management were reviewed. Results: Molecular genetic markers predominantly focus on the preoperative detection of thyroid malignancies rather than the exclusion of thyroid carcinomas. While some centers routinely assess FNABs, other centers concentrate on FNABs with cytology results of follicular neoplasia or suspicion of thyroid carcinoma. Predominantly mutations of BRAF, RET/PTC, RAS, and PAX8/PPARγ or expression of miRNAs are analyzed. However, only the detection of BRAF mutations predicts the presence of (papillary) thyroid malignancy with almost 98% probability, indicating necessity of oncologic thyroid resections irrespective of the cytology result. Other genetic alterations are associated with thyroid malignancy with varying frequency and achieve less impact on the clinical management. Conclusion: Molecular genetic analysis of FNABs is increasingly performed in Germany. Standardization, quality controls, and validation of various methods need to be implemented in the near future to be able to compare the results. With increasing knowledge about the impact of genetic alterations on the prognosis of thyroid carcinomas, recommendations have to be defined that may lead to individually optimized treatment strategies.

Molecular genetic background of haemophilia A patients with discrepancy between one-stage and two-stage factor VIII assays

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (S 01) ◽  
pp. S153-S155
Author(s):  
D. Delev ◽  
S. Pahl ◽  
J. Driesen ◽  
H. Brondke ◽  
J. Oldenburg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Viii ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Haemophilia A ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
One Stage

Abnormal Processing of the Glycoprotein IIb Transcript due to a Nonsense Mutation in Exon 17 Associated with Glanzmann’s Thrombasthenia

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (05) ◽  
pp. 756-762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiaki Tomiyama ◽  
Hirokazu Kashiwagi ◽  
Satoru Kosugi ◽  
Masamichi Shiraga ◽  
Yoshio Kanayama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Genetic Defect ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence Analysis ◽  
Type I ◽  
Normal Amount ◽  
Immunoblot Assay ◽  
Glanzmann’S Thrombasthenia ◽  
Glanzmann's Thrombasthenia ◽  
Pcr Products

SummaryWe analyzed the molecular genetic defect responsible for type I Glanzmann’s thrombasthenia in a Japanese patient. In an immunoblot assay using polyclonal anti-GPIIb-IIIa antibodies, some GPIIIa (15% of normal amount) could be detected in the patient’s platelets, whereas GPIIb could not (<2% of normal amount). Nucleotide sequence analysis of platelet GPIIb mRNA-derived polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products revealed that patient’s GPIIb cDNA had a 75-bp deletion in the 3’ boundary of exon 17 resulting in an in-frame deletion of 25 amino acids. DNA analysis and family study revealed that the patient was a compound heterozygote of two GPIIb gene defects. One allele derived from her father was not expressed in platelets, and the other allele derived from her mother had a 9644C → T mutation which was located at the position -3 of the splice donor junction of exon 17 and resulted in a termination codon (TGA). Moreover, quantitative analysis demonstrated that the amount of the abnormal GPIIb transcript in the patient’s platelets was markedly reduced. Thus, the C → T mutation resulting in the abnormal splicing of GPIIb transcript and the reduction in its amount is responsible for Glanzmann’s thrombasthenia.

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