A repeated-measures examination of organizational stressors, perceived psychological and physical health, and perceived performance in semi-elite athletes

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Max Simms ◽  
Rachel Arnold ◽  
James E. Turner ◽  
Kate Hays
Keyword(s):  
Physical Health ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Organizational Stressors ◽  
Perceived Performance

Adaptation Processes Affecting Performance in Elite Sport

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Schinke ◽  
Randy C. Battochio ◽  
Timothy V. Dube ◽  
Ronnie Lidor ◽  
Gershon Tenenbaum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elite Athlete ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Psychological Adaptation ◽  
Organizational Stressors ◽  
Chronic Stressors ◽  
Adaptation Response ◽  
Sport Careers ◽  
Regulation Strategies ◽  
Adaptation Processes

Sport researchers have considered the processes that elite athletes undergo to achieve positive psychological adaptation during significant chronic stressors throughout sport careers and also, acute stressors within important competitions. This review contains a description of competitive and organizational stressors that can hamper an elite athlete’s pursuit of adaptation within the aforementioned circumstances, followed by an identification of the responses that together can foster the desired outcome of adaptation. The authors propose that there are four parts that contribute to an elite athlete’s positive psychological adaptation, presented as parts of a process: (a) the appraisal of stressors, (b) coping strategies, (c) self-regulation strategies, and (d) a consolidated adaptation response. Subsequently, athlete adaptation is considered through examples taken from anecdotal literature and formal research studies pertaining to elite athlete adaptation. Implications are discussed for sport psychologists, mental training consultants, sport scientists, coaches, and athletes.

Effect of Postpartum Practices of Doing the Month on Chinese Women’s Physical and Psychological Health

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Qun Liu ◽  
Judith A. Maloni ◽  
Marcia A. Petrini
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Chinese Women ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Over Time

The purpose of the study was to describe Chinese women’s postpartum physiological and psychological health and adherence to “doing-the-month” practices. A descriptive repeated measures design was used, with data collected at 3 days and 6 weeks postpartum. The convenience sample consisted of 198 healthy childbearing women with a term birth. Maternal physical health was measured by the Six-Minute Walk (endurance), Chair Stand test (muscle strength), severity of physical symptoms, and physical health subscales of SF36v2. Maternal psychological health was measured by the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression scale. Adherence was measured by the Adherence to Doing-the-Month Practices questionnaire. Aerobic endurance and lower-body muscle strength improved significantly across time ( p < .001) but remained suboptimal for maternal age. Women who delivered by Cesarean section had significantly poorer physical health than those who had a vaginal delivery. Physical functioning significantly increased, but general health and role limitations due to physical health significantly decreased over time. Postpartum physical symptoms decreased in number and severity. Depression increased over time ( p < .001). Adherence to doing the month was negatively correlated with aerobic endurance and positively correlated with depression at 6 weeks ( p < .05). These findings challenge the assumption that practices of doing the month are healthy for Chinese women’s recovery after childbirth. Research-based evidence needs to be integrated into doing-the-month practices. Education of Chinese women and families, whether living at home or abroad, is needed about the adverse health effects of doing the month. Routine screening for postpartum depression is also advised.

Examining the Influence of Care-Recipient Resistance on Family Caregiver Emotional and Physical Well-Being: Average Frequency Versus Daily Fluctuation

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yumi Shirai ◽  
Susan Silverberg Koerner
Keyword(s):  
Physical Health ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Average Frequency ◽  
The United States ◽  
Care Recipient ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Daily Fluctuation ◽  
Health Symptoms ◽  
The Impact

Although existing cross-sectional research suggests that dependent older family members’ resistive behavior (care-recipient [CR] resistance: verbal or nonverbal rejection or resistance toward caregiver [CG] assistance) can be challenging for informal family CGs, we know little about the impact of the occurrence patterns of CR-resistance—average frequency versus daily fluctuation—on CG emotional and physical well-being. To document CGs’ daily experiences with CR-resistance and their emotional and physical well-being, the present study applied short-term repeated measures, collecting data on 8 consecutive days from 63 CGs in Southern Arizona, the United States. Multilevel modeling of the daily data revealed that neither average frequency nor daily fluctuation in CR-resistance alone had a significant impact on CG emotional/physical health. However, the combination of experiencing relatively high frequency and high daily fluctuation in CR-resistance was associated with significant increases in CG physical health symptoms ( b = .34, p < .01). Specifically, on days when a CG faced more CR-resistance than his or her usual amount, significant increases in physical health symptoms existed for CGs with relatively high average frequency of CR-resistance, but not for CGs with relatively low average frequency of CR-resistance. Based on our results, it appears that monitoring and maintaining a reasonable level of CR-resistance are effective strategies to maintain CG resilience to the negative impact of CR-resistance daily fluctuation. The findings are interpreted in light of Stress Theory, and recommendations for future research and practical interventions are offered.

scholarly journals MENTAL AND PHYSICAL HEALTH SEQUELAE OF BEREAVEMENT IN OLDER ADULTS: U.S. HEATH AND RETIREMENT STUDY ANALYSIS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S348-S348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Domingue ◽  
Laramie Duncan ◽  
Amal Harrati ◽  
Daniel Belsky
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Physical Health Outcomes ◽  
Repeated Measures Data ◽  
Data Tracking ◽  
Mental And Physical Health ◽  
Health And Mortality ◽  
Retirement Study

Abstract Death of a spouse (bereavement) is associated with poor mental and physical health outcomes in older adults. But it is unknown how mental- and physical-health sequelae of bereavement are related and the clinical significance of bereavement-related depression has been questioned. We analyzed US Health and Retirement Study (HRS) data tracking mental and physical health of 36,034 older adults during 1992-2016. Post-bereavement data were available for N=4,985 participants with recorded date of spousal death. We analyzed longitudinal repeated-measures data on survivors’ depression, disease, disability, and mortality. Bereavement effects on depression were immediate, but short-lived, attenuating within the year. In contrast, bereavement effects on physical health and mortality persisted over follow-up. Critically, the magnitude of short-lived effects on depression correlated with the magnitude of longer-lasting effects on disease, disability, and mortality. Results reveal connections between mental and physical health and aging and suggest bereavement-related depression as a biomarker of enduring health risk.

Psychometric Suitability of Adaptations to the Special Judo Fitness Test for Athletes With Visual Impairment

2021 ◽  
pp. 003151252110290
Author(s):  
Rafael L. Kons ◽  
Emerson Franchini ◽  
Jaime R. Bragança ◽  
Daniele Detanico
Keyword(s):  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Standard Condition ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Fitness Test ◽  
Judo Athletes ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Partially Sighted

This study aimed to test the reliability, sensitivity, construct and logical validity of an adapted Special Judo Fitness Test (SJFT) for judo athletes with visual impairment . Twenty judo athletes with visual impairments performed both the adapted SJFT with tactile and sonorous stimuli (experimental conditions) and the typically administered SJFT (standard condition). We used analyses of variance (ANOVAs) with repeated-measures to compare the groups’ SJFT performances, and one-way ANOVAs to compare different visual ability classes of athletes (B1, B2 and B3). We used t-tests to compare SJFT variables between elite and sub-elite groups. We set statistical significance for all tests at p < 0.05. The standard SJFT showed excellent test-retest reliability for number of throws and overall index (ICC = 0.91–0.95), and both sonorous and tactile sensitivity adaptations of the SJFT showed medium sensitivity for detecting performance changes. The number of throws and SJFT index were higher with the sonorous adaptation of the test, compared to the tactile and standard versions ( p < 0.001). Athletes who were blind (B1) presented similar performances to athletes who were partially sighted (B2 and B3) only on the SJFT with the sonorous stimulus. Moreover, only the sonorous SJFT adaptation discriminated between the performances of elite and sub-elite athletes ( p < 0.001). In conclusion, both SJFT adaptations showed excellent reliability and medium sensitivity on test-retest, but, only the SJFT with the sonorous stimulus seemed valid for assessing judo athletes with varying degrees of visual impairment, and only the sonorous stimulus SJFT discriminated elite from sub-elite athletes.

Gender differences in the effects of bereavement-related psychological distress in health outcomes

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. CHEN ◽  
A. J. BIERHALS ◽  
H. G. PRIGERSON ◽  
S. V. KASL ◽  
C. M. MAZURE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Traumatic Grief ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Mental And Physical Health

Background. This study examined whether traumatic grief, depressive and anxiety symptoms formed three distinct factors for widows and widowers. In addition, we examined whether high symptom levels of traumatic grief, depression and anxiety predicted different mental and physical health outcomes for widows and widowers.Method. Ninety-two future widows and 58 future widowers were interviewed at the time of their spouse's hospital admission and then at 6 weeks, 6, 13 and 25 month follow-ups. Principal axis factor analyses tested the distinctiveness of traumatic grief, depressive and anxiety symptoms, by gender. Repeated measures ANOVA tested for gender differences and changes over time in mean symptom levels of traumatic grief, depression and anxiety. Linear and logistic regression models estimated the effects of high symptom levels of traumatic grief, depression and anxiety at 6 months on health outcomes at 13 and 25 months post-intake by gender.Results. Three distinct symptom clusters (i.e. traumatic grief, depressive and anxiety symptoms) were found to emerge for both widows and widowers. Widows had higher mean levels of traumatic grief, depressive and anxiety symptoms. High symptom levels of traumatic grief measured at 6 months predicted a physical health event (e.g. cancer, heart attack) at 25 months post-intake for widows. High symptom levels of anxiety measured at 6 months predicted suicidal ideation at 25 months for widowers.Conclusions. The results suggest that there are gender differences in the levels of psychological symptoms resulting from bereavement and in their effects on subsequent mental and physical health for widows and widowers.

The Influence of Familial Social Support on Physical Health During Reentry

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (12) ◽  
pp. 1738-1756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chantal Fahmy ◽  
Danielle Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Violent Offender ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Lagged Dependent Variable ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Negative Interactions

Recent sociological research has turned attention to the effects social support has on one’s overall health. However, the literature lacks specificity on how social interactions may be beneficial or detrimental to reentering citizens’ physical health. In addition, much of this literature does not examine the potentially damaging effects of negative familial interactions. From both a correctional and public health standpoint, elaborating on the impact social support and negative interactions with family have on returning prisoners is crucial to understanding positive reentry outcomes. Using three waves of the Serious and Violent Offender Reentry Initiative (SVORI) data set and a repeated measures ordinary least squares (OLS) model with a lagged dependent variable, this study examines how levels of and changes in family social support and negative interactions affect post-release physical health over time ( n = 2,435). The results suggest that social support has important repercussions on one’s physical health and thus success at reintegration.

scholarly journals Just Do It: High Intensity Physical Activity Preserves Mental and Physical Health in Elite and Non-elite Athletes During COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Casali ◽  
Silvia Cerea ◽  
Tatiana Moro ◽  
Antonio Paoli ◽  
Marta Ghisi
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Body Dissatisfaction ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Intolerance Of Uncertainty ◽  
Mental And Physical Health

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic forced most Italian athletes to cease their regular training activities, with possible consequences on both mental and physical health. The present study aimed at assessing changes in Physical Activity (PA) from pre- to lockdown, and examining the relationships among lockdown PA, quality of life (mental and physical health), motivation to exercise, psychological distress, intolerance of uncertainty, and body dissatisfaction.Methods: A total of 204 athletes of different sports (91 elite; 110 females; mean age = 22.55, SD = 5.76) answered an online survey investigating demographics, sport-related questions, PA (IPAQ-S), quality of life (SF-12), and psychological variables (BREQ-2, DASS-21, IUS-R, and EDI-3-Body dissatisfaction subscale).Results: Both elite and non-elite athletes significantly reduced their PA intensity and volume (p &lt; 0.001). Elite athletes did not differ from non-elite in terms of total PA intensity and hours of training during lockdown (p &gt; 0.05). Elite and individual athletes showed higher intrinsic motivation to exercise compared to non-elite and team sports (p &lt; 0.01). Female athletes displayed higher distress, worse mental health, and higher body dissatisfaction than males (p &lt; 0.05). Mediation models showed that vigorous PA positively affected both mental (p &lt; 0.05) and physical (p &lt; 0.001) health during lockdown, independently of distress and intolerance of uncertainty.Conclusion: The COVID-19 lockdown was taxing for athletes, particularly professionals; those who were able to practice PA at high intensity during lockdown reported better mental and physical health.

scholarly journals Elite athletes get pregnant, have healthy babies and return to sport early postpartum

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. e000652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorunn Sundgot-Borgen ◽  
Christine Sundgot-Borgen ◽  
Grethe Myklebust ◽  
Nina Sølvberg ◽  
Monica Klungland Torstveit
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Return To Sport ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Drive For Thinness ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Pregnancy And Delivery ◽  
Practical Experiences ◽  
Active Controls

ObjectivesTo enhance knowledge on pregnancy and return to sport in the postpartum period in elite female athletes.Methods34 Norwegian elite athletes (33.1 years) and 34 active controls (31.5 years) were asked about training and competitive history, pregnancy-related issues, injuries, body dissatisfaction (BD), drive for thinness (DT), eating disorders (ED) and practical experiences, through a questionnaire and interview. Independent samples T-tests or χ² tests for between-group differences and paired-samples T-tests and repeated measures analysis of variance for within group differences were used.ResultsNo group differences in fertility problems, miscarriage, preterm birth or low birth weight were found. Both groups decreased training volume all trimesters and the first two postpartum periods compared with prepregnancy, and more athletes returned to sport/exercise at week 0–6 postpartum. We found no group differences in complications during pregnancy and delivery, but athletes reported fewer common complaints. Four athletes experienced stress fracture postpartum. Athletes had higher BD and DT postpartum, while controls reduced DT score. Number of athletes with clinical ED was reduced postpartum, while constant in controls. Athletes were not satisfied with advice related to strength training and nutrition during pregnancy.ConclusionElite athletes and active controls get pregnant easily, deliver healthy babies and decrease training during pregnancy and the first postpartum periods compared with prepregnancy. Most athletes and every third control returned to sport or exercise at week 0–6 postpartum. Athletes report stress fractures and increased BD and DT, but decreased ED postpartum. However, since relatively few athletes were included these findings need further investigation.

Understanding the Relationship between Perceived Development of the Competition Plan and Sport Performance: Mediating Effects of Self-Efficacy and State Depression

2009 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 304-314
Author(s):  
Jose Antonio Arruza ◽  
Saioa Telletxea ◽  
Lorena Gil de Montes ◽  
Silvia Arribas ◽  
Gloria Balagué ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Mediating Effects ◽  
Perceived Performance ◽  
State Depression ◽  
The Relationship

The effectiveness of competition plans on athletes' performance outcomes was assessed while accounting for the mediating influence of state depression and self-efficacy. Competition plans reflect an integrated and personalized plan that consists of a set of decision-making rules based on the principles of self-control and self-efficacy development that are tailored to the specific demands of an upcoming competition in a given sport and highly individualized to take into account the specific qualities of the athlete. The relationship between the development of a competition plan and athletes' evaluations of their competitive outcomes was of interest. 11 elite athletes participating in 104 competitions involving 7 different sports participated. Results support the beneficial effect of a well-developed competition plan in affecting athletes' perceived performance; the relationship was mediated by state depression and self-efficacy Coaches and sport psychologists should devote increased attention to the development and refinement of athletes' precompetition performance plans while also considering participants' self-efficacy and mood characteristics.

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