Reproductive Tract Infections and Their Associated Risk Factors Among The Women in Bundi District of Rajasthan

A large proportion of women in Odisha, India, use reusable absorbents to manage their menstruation. Yet, the risk factors for lower reproductive tract infections (RTIs) related to menstrual hygiene management (MHM) have not been studied among reusable absorbent users. Women of reproductive age attending one of two hospitals from two different cities in Odisha during two separate study intervals were recruited for the study. Laboratory diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis (BV) and vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) were conducted. A questionnaire was used to collect information on MHM practices, water, sanitation, and socio-demographic factors. Among the 509 women who used reusable absorbents, 71.7% were diagnosed with at least one infection. After adjusting for confounders, women with BV were more likely to identify as being a housewife (aOR: 1.8 (1.1–2.9)). Frequent absorbent changing was protective against BV (aOR: 0.5 (0.3–0.8)), whereas frequent body washing increased the odds of BV (aOR: 1.5 (1.0–2.2)). Women with VVC were more likely to be older (aOR: 1.6 (1.0–2.5)), live below the poverty line (aOR: 1.5 (1.1–2.2)), have a non-private household latrine (aOR: 2.2 (1.3–4.0)), dry their absorbents inside the house (aOR: 3.7 (2.5–4.5)), and store absorbents in the latrine area (aOR: 2.0 (1.3–2.9)). Washing absorbents outside the house was protective against VVC (aOR: 0.7 (0.4–1.0)). This study highlights the importance of improving MHM practices among reusable absorbent users to prevent lower RTIs among women reusing menstrual materials in Odisha.

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Prevalence and Sex-Related Risk Factors of Premarital Pregnancy and Reproductive Tract Infections Among Female Undergraduates in Wuhan, China

Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1177/1010539515571580 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 27 (2_suppl) ◽

pp. 30S-40S ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yue Cao ◽

Han Xiao ◽

Hong Yan ◽

Jingjing Li ◽

Shiyue Li

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Reproductive Tract ◽

Reproductive Tract Infections ◽

Premarital Pregnancy ◽

Related Risk ◽

Tract Infections

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O7 A study of prevalence and risk factors of reproductive tract infections among women in reproductive ages suffering from rheumatoid arthritis

Indian Journal of Rheumatology ◽

10.1016/s0973-3698(10)60381-0 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. S19

Author(s):

N Jaleh ◽

R Renu ◽

V Anuradha ◽

A Chopra

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Reproductive Tract ◽

Reproductive Tract Infections ◽

Tract Infections

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Prevalence and Risk Factors of Lower Reproductive Tract Infections in Symptomatic Women in Dakar, Senegal

Infectious Diseases Research and Treatment ◽

10.1177/1178633719851825 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

pp. 117863371985182 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mohamed Diadhiou ◽

Awa Ba Diallo ◽

Mamadou Saidou Barry ◽

Serge Covi Alavo ◽

Ibrahima Mall ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Bacterial Vaginosis ◽

Reproductive Tract ◽

Vaginal Candidiasis ◽

Genital Infection ◽

Care Providers ◽

Reproductive Tract Infections ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Maternity Hospitals ◽

Tract Infections

Background: Lower reproductive tract infections in women are important causes of morbidity but can also lead to complications and sequelae. This study aimed to establish the prevalence and risk factors of lower genital tract infections among women of reproductive age in Dakar (Senegal). Methods: This was a prospective study conducted in 6 maternity hospitals from July to November 2015. Participants ranged in age from 18 to 49 years and presented at health facilities with signs and symptoms of genital infection. Consenting individuals who met the inclusion criteria were recruited for the study. Results: During the reporting period, 276 patients were enrolled. According to the laboratory results, the prevalence of any genital infection was 69.6% (192 of 276). The most common vaginal infections were bacterial vaginosis (39.5%) and vaginal candidiasis (29%), with the third most common cause, trichomoniasis, trailing behind in terms of prevalence (2.5%). Among the microorganisms responsible for cervical infections, Ureaplasma urealyticum was the most frequent (27.5%), followed by Mycoplasma hominis (14.5%), Chlamydia trachomatis (4.7%), and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (1.1%). Multivariate analysis showed that young women and women with low levels of education were at increased risk for vaginal/cervical infections. Conclusions: This study revealed a high prevalence of bacterial vaginosis and vaginal candidiasis and suggests that health care providers should increase awareness and communication to improve vaginal hygiene practices. If infection with Trichomonas vaginalis, C trachomatis or N gonorrhoeae is suspected, we also recommend systematically performing laboratory diagnostic confirmation.

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Prevalence and risk factors of reproductive tract infections among a defined population of Iranian women

Sexual Health ◽

10.1071/sh12193 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 311 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Najmeh Maharlouei ◽

Esmat Barooti ◽

Farkhondeh Sharif ◽

Hamed Hosseini ◽

Kamran B. Lankarani

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Reproductive Tract ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Iranian Women ◽

Reproductive Tract Infections ◽

Sensitivity Testing ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Screening Programs ◽

Gram Staining ◽

Tract Infections

Background Reproductive tract infections are among the most prevalent gynaecological health concerns. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of reproductive tract infections among a defined population of Iranian women. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed in Shiraz, Southern Iran, from 2007 to 2009. The study subjects were 28 484 vulnerable household women who were covered by the Imam Khomeini Relief Foundation insurance scheme. All the participants underwent vaginal speculum examinations and swab sampling. Vaginal discharge was collected for Gram staining, potassium hydroxide mount, wet mount and in a transport medium for culture and sensitivity testing. The frequency of reproductive tract infections and their risk factors were determined. Results: The mean age of the 28 484 women who participated in the study was 48.7 ± 10.1 (range: 13–104) years. According to the results, 13 472 (47.3%) subjects had reproductive tract infections. Moreover, vulvovaginal candidiasis was the most common infection in our population, accounting for 4718 subjects (16.6%), followed by trichomoniasis (11.2%) and bacterial vaginosis (10.6%). Furthermore, the number of pregnancies, being married and low educational levels (illiterate and under diploma level) were the risk factors for these infections, whereas the use of oral contraceptives and being employed were the protective factors. Conclusion: Almost half of the vulnerable Iranian women suffer from reproductive tract infections, with candidiasis and trichomoniasis being the most prevalent types. Based on the high prevalence of these infections, appropriate and precise screening programs should be taken into consideration for this specific population.

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