Antimicrobial Activity of 1% Cetylpyridinium Chloride AgainstListeriaspp. on Fish

While oral rinses used for cosmetic purposes only do not necessarily have to be antiseptic, antimicrobial activity is required for medical indications, including oral and periodontal surgery. So the question arises—is the antimicrobial activity of oral rinses associated with any destructive changes in cell viability in vitro? To answer this question, we examined twelve oral rinses with respect to their antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity. Antimicrobial activity was screened against five bacterial strains using disc diffusion. Cytotoxicity was determined by mitochondrial reductase activity with primary gingival fibroblasts, L929 cells, and HSC-2 epithelial cells. Phase contrast microscopy and trypan blue staining were then performed to reveal cell morphology. Cells remained vital after exposure to oral rinses that were only used for cosmetic purposes. Moderate cytotoxic effects were observed for oral rinses containing 0.05% chlorhexidine, ethanol, or pegylated hydrogenated castor oil and sodium dodecyl sulfate. Other oral rinses containing 0.2% chlorhexidine and cocamidopropyl betaine exhibited strong cytotoxic and antimicrobial activity. Strong cytotoxic but moderate antimicrobial activity was observed in oral rinses containing cetylpyridinium chloride. The in vitro data show that oral rinses are heterogeneous with respect to their cytotoxic and antimicrobial effects. Based on their respective properties, oral rinses can be selected either to reduce the microbial load or for cosmetic purposes.

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Antimicrobial activity of mouth rinses against bacteria that initially colonizes dental’s surface

Revista de Odontologia da UNESP ◽

10.1590/1807-2577.13018 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 48 ◽

Author(s):

Isaac Jordão de Souza ARAÚJO ◽

Marília Souza de CARVALHO ◽

Thaís Rossini de OLIVEIRA ◽

Regina Maria PUPPIN-RONTANI ◽

José Francisco HÖFLING ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Cetylpyridinium Chloride ◽

Dental Biofilm ◽

High Antibacterial Activity ◽

Mouth Rinses ◽

Post Hoc ◽

Antimicrobial Effectiveness

Abstract Introduction Much advertising in mouthwash is conveyed in all media appealing to the anti-plaque effect and rendering a disservice to the community. Mouth rinses are available over-the-count and differ on their compositions and antimicrobial effectiveness. Objective In this study, we evaluated the antimicrobial activity of 35 widely available mouth rinses against bacterial species involved in initiation of dental biofilm – Streptococcus gordonii, Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus salivarius, and Streptococcus sanguinis. Material and method The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of the evaluated mouth rinses were determined according to the Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute protocols. Data were submitted to Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney post hoc (α=0.05). Result About 70% of the mouth rinses achieved high antibacterial activity and 30%, a low antibacterial activity against all the species tested. The most ineffective mouth rinse showed antibacterial activity (MIC) at 1:1 dilution, while the most effective showed activity even at 1:2048 dilution, which may imply prolonged effect in the mouth. About 51% of mouth rinses showed bactericidal activity, and it was verified that cetylpyridinium chloride or chlorhexidine digluconate containing in the formulation were associated with the highest activity. Conclusion Most - but not all - mouth rinses commercially available are effective in inhibiting in vitro initial colonizers of dental surfaces.

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Synthesis, Surface and Antimicrobial Activity of New Lactose-Based Surfactants

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules24214010 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (21) ◽

pp. 4010

Author(s):

Michocka ◽

Staszak ◽

Gwiazdowska ◽

Wieczorek

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Cetylpyridinium Chloride ◽

Synthesis Method ◽

Antagonistic Activity ◽

Wetting Properties ◽

Fungistatic Activity ◽

Good Surface ◽

Quaternary Salts ◽

Bacteria And Fungi ◽

Diffusion Assay

This work presents a synthesis method for new surfactants based on lactose. The compounds obtained belong to the homologous series of O-β-D-Galactopyranosyl-(1→4)-N-alkyl-(3-sulfopropyl)-D-glucosamine hydrochloride, containing 12 and 14 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain, and they may serve as an example of cationic surfactants. The newly synthesized compounds exhibit good surface properties, low value of CMC (Critical Micelle Concentration) and good wetting properties. These surfactants’ ability to produce foam is considerably higher than in the commercial surfactants. Moreover, antibacterial and fungistatic activity was carried out by well diffusion assay against the selected bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa), yeasts (Candida albicans) and filamentous fungi (Fusarium graminearum, F. avenaceum, F. oxysporum, F. culmorum, F. equiseti, Alternaria alternata and Botrytis cinerea). It was shown that the resulting quaternary salts significantly inhibit the growth of tested microorganisms. Antibacterial and fungistatic activity of the surfactant compounds varied depending on the species of bacteria or fungi. The results of antimicrobial activity of new lactose derivatives indicate that the compounds exhibit larger or similar antagonistic activity against tested bacteria and fungi than typical cationic surfactant cetylpyridinium chloride.

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Antimicrobial Activity of Nanoemulsion in Combination with Cetylpyridinium Chloride in Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.02109-12 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 57 (8) ◽

pp. 3568-3575 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Yoon Y. Hwang ◽

Karthikeyan Ramalingam ◽

Diane R. Bienek ◽

Valerie Lee ◽

Tao You ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽

Cetylpyridinium Chloride ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Antibiofilm Activity ◽

Antibiotic Resistant ◽

Content Type ◽

A Cell ◽

Triton X

ABSTRACTAcinetobacter baumanniihas emerged as a serious problematic pathogen due to the ever-increasing presence of antibiotic resistance, demonstrating a need for novel, broad-spectrum antimicrobial therapeutic options. Antimicrobial nanoemulsions are emulsified mixtures of detergent, oil, and water (droplet size, 100 to 800 nm) which have broad antimicrobial activity against bacteria, enveloped viruses, and fungi. Here, we screened the antimicrobial activities of five nanoemulsion preparations against fourAcinetobacter baumanniiisolates to identify the most suitable preparation for further evaluation. Among them, N5, which contains 10% (vol/vol) Triton X-100, 25% (vol/vol) soybean oil, and 1% (wt/vol) cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), showed the best efficacy againstA. baumanniiin both its planktonic and biofilm forms and was selected for further study. Our data demonstrate that, while the killing of planktonic forms ofA. baumanniiwas due to the 1% CPC component of our nanoemulsions, the breakdown of biofilms was achieved via the emulsified oil and detergent fractions. Furthermore, we documented the effect of ethanol and NaCl in combination with N5 on planktonicA. baumannii. In killing curves of N5 combined with other agents (ethanol or NaCl), a synergistic effect of a ≥2-log decrease in CFU/ml was observed. The antibiofilm activity of N5 was confirmed via a cell proliferation test and scanning electron microscopy. The effects of exposure to severe environmental conditions, which simulates the field conditions in Iraq and Afghanistan, were evaluated, and this exposure did not affect the overall antimicrobial activity of N5. These studies lay a solid foundation for the utilization of nanoemulsions against the antibiotic-resistant forms ofA. baumannii.

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Cetylpyridinium-chloride (CPC) and Miramistin (MST) compared to established antiseptics under protein challenge in-vitro - evaluating alternative agents for wound cleansing

10.21203/rs.2.9330/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Julian-Dario Rembe ◽

Vivian-Denise Thompson ◽

Nina Hauer ◽

Ewa Klara Klara Stuermer

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Chronic Wounds ◽

Cetylpyridinium Chloride ◽

High Protein ◽

Test Method ◽

In Vitro Assays ◽

Clinical Value

Abstract Background: Due to rising numbers microbial resistance to established antibiotics and first described tolerance developments for local wound antimicrobials a continuous need for alternative antimicrobial agents exists. Due to complex conditions in the microenvironment of especially chronic wounds, such as high protein levels, novel antimicrobials need to meet advanced requirements. Aim: Compare the antimicrobial efficacy of Cetylpiridinium-chloride (CPC) and miramistin (MST) to established antimicrobials under protein-challenge in-vitro. Methods: Antimicrobial activity of octenidin-dihydrochloride, povidon-iodine, polyhexamethylene-biguanide hydrochloride, chlorhexidine, cetylpiridinium-chloride and Miramistin after 0.5, 1, 3, 5 and 10 min of exposure against S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, E. coli, E. faecium and C. albicans was tested, using a quantitative suspension method with either 0.3% or 3% bovine albumin challenge, based on DIN EN 13727 (‘Chemical disinfectants and antiseptics - Quantitative suspension test for the evaluation of bactericidal activity in the medical area - Test method and requirements (phase 2, step 1)’). Results: CPC and MST demonstrated no inferiority to the established agents in-vitro. Especially CPC showed equal reduction rates as octenidin and povidon-iodine and achieved significantly higher reduction rates within shorter exposure times than polyhexanide and chlorhexidine (p ≤ 0.01) for S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, E. faecium and C. albicans. Both agents demonstrated no significant loss of efficacy under high protein-challenge (3% albumin). Conclusion: In terms of antimicrobial activity cetylpyridinium-chloride and miramistin proved to be at least equally effective as established agents. No protein error was detected in the tested concentrations. More complex in-vitro assays and comprehensive in-vivo and clinical studies will be needed to determine their clinical value.

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Inhibition of Candida albicans and Mixed Salivary Bacterial Biofilms on Antimicrobial Loaded Phosphated Poly(methyl methacrylate)

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics10040427 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 427

Author(s):

Andrew R. Dentino ◽

DongHwa Lee ◽

Kelley Dentino ◽

Arndt Guentsch ◽

Mohammadreza Tahriri

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Methyl Methacrylate ◽

Cetylpyridinium Chloride ◽

Bacterial Biofilms ◽

Denture Stomatitis ◽

Histatin 5 ◽

Poly Methyl Methacrylate ◽

Microbial Biofilms ◽

Salivary Pellicle ◽

Half Strength

Biofilms play a crucial role in the development of Candida-associated denture stomatitis. Inhibition of microbial adhesion to poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and phosphate containing PMMA has been examined in this work. C. albicans and mixed salivary microbial biofilms were compared on naked and salivary pre-conditioned PMMA surfaces in the presence or absence of antimicrobials (Cetylpyridinium chloride [CPC], KSL-W, Histatin 5 [His 5]). Polymers with varying amounts of phosphate (0–25%) were tested using four C. albicans oral isolates as well as mixed salivary bacteria and 24 h biofilms were assessed for metabolic activity and confirmed using Live/Dead staining and confocal microscopy. Biofilm metabolism was reduced as phosphate density increased (15%: p = 0.004; 25%: p = 0.001). Loading of CPC on 15% phosphated disks showed a substantial decrease (p = 0.001) in biofilm metabolism in the presence or absence of a salivary pellicle. Salivary pellicle on uncharged PMMA enhanced the antimicrobial activity of CPC only. CPC also demonstrated remarkable antimicrobial activity on mixed salivary bacterial biofilms under different conditions displaying the potent efficacy of CPC (350 µg/mL) when combined with an artificial protein pellicle (Biotene half strength).

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