scholarly journals Cytotoxicity and Antimicrobial Activity of Oral Rinses In Vitro

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heinz-Dieter Müller ◽  
Sigrun Eick ◽  
Andreas Moritz ◽  
Adrian Lussi ◽  
Reinhard Gruber
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Cetylpyridinium Chloride ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Hydrogenated Castor Oil ◽  
Cocamidopropyl Betaine ◽  
Medical Indications

While oral rinses used for cosmetic purposes only do not necessarily have to be antiseptic, antimicrobial activity is required for medical indications, including oral and periodontal surgery. So the question arises—is the antimicrobial activity of oral rinses associated with any destructive changes in cell viability in vitro? To answer this question, we examined twelve oral rinses with respect to their antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity. Antimicrobial activity was screened against five bacterial strains using disc diffusion. Cytotoxicity was determined by mitochondrial reductase activity with primary gingival fibroblasts, L929 cells, and HSC-2 epithelial cells. Phase contrast microscopy and trypan blue staining were then performed to reveal cell morphology. Cells remained vital after exposure to oral rinses that were only used for cosmetic purposes. Moderate cytotoxic effects were observed for oral rinses containing 0.05% chlorhexidine, ethanol, or pegylated hydrogenated castor oil and sodium dodecyl sulfate. Other oral rinses containing 0.2% chlorhexidine and cocamidopropyl betaine exhibited strong cytotoxic and antimicrobial activity. Strong cytotoxic but moderate antimicrobial activity was observed in oral rinses containing cetylpyridinium chloride. The in vitro data show that oral rinses are heterogeneous with respect to their cytotoxic and antimicrobial effects. Based on their respective properties, oral rinses can be selected either to reduce the microbial load or for cosmetic purposes.

scholarly journals Fabrication and Characterization of Antimicrobial Magnetron Cosputtered TiO2/Ag/Cu Composite Coatings

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 473
Author(s):  
Dilyana Gospodonova ◽  
Iliana Ivanova ◽  
Todorka Vladkova
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Composite Coatings ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Fabrication And Characterization

The aim of this study was to prepare TiO2/Ag/Cu magnetron co-sputtered coatings with controlled characteristics and to correlate them with the antimicrobial activity of the coated glass samples. The elemental composition and distribution, surface morphology, wettability, surface energy and its component were estimated as the surface characteristics influencing the bioadhesion. Well expressed, specific, Ag/Cu concentration-dependent antimicrobial activity in vitro was demonstrated toward Gram-negative and Gram-positive standard test bacterial strains both by diffusion 21 assay and by Most Probable Number of surviving cells. Direct contact and eluted silver/coper nanoparticles killing were experimentally demonstrated as a mode of the antimicrobial action of the studied TiO2/Ag/Cu thin composite coatings. It is expected that they would ensure a broad spectrum bactericidal activity during the indwelling of the coated medical devices and for at least 12 h after that, with the supposition that the benefits will be over a longer time.

scholarly journals Phytochemical investigation and in vitro antimicrobial activity of Richardia scabra

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathirvel Poonkodi ◽  
Subban Ravi
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities ◽  
Agar Plug ◽  
Phytochemical Investigation ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal ◽  
Simple Sugar

<p class="Abstract">The present study was aimed to evaluate the phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity of the petroleum ether and methanol extracts from the mature leaves of <em>Richardia scabra</em> from India. Disc diffusion method was used to determine the zone inhibition of the tested samples for antibacterial and agar plug method was used to determine the antifungal activity, while the microtube-dilution technique was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration. Both extracts showed significant antibacterial and antifungal activities when tested against 10 bacterial and four fungal strains. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of the methanol extract of<em> R. scabra</em> ranged between 12.5–100 μg/mL for bacterial strains. Alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids, fatty acids, terpenoids and simple sugar were detected as phytoconstituents of extracts. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report against antimicrobial activity of common weed species <em>R. scabra</em> found in India.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Polymeric Nanoparticles Active against Dual-Species Bacterial Biofilms

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (16) ◽  
pp. 4958
Author(s):  
Jessa Marie V. Makabenta ◽  
Jungmi Park ◽  
Cheng-Hsuan Li ◽  
Aritra Nath Chattopadhyay ◽  
Ahmed Nabawy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Polymeric Nanoparticles ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Bacterial Biofilms ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Bacterial Strains

Biofilm infections are a global public health threat, necessitating new treatment strategies. Biofilm formation also contributes to the development and spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial strains. Biofilm-associated chronic infections typically involve colonization by more than one bacterial species. The co-existence of multiple species of bacteria in biofilms exacerbates therapeutic challenges and can render traditional antibiotics ineffective. Polymeric nanoparticles offer alternative antimicrobial approaches to antibiotics, owing to their tunable physico-chemical properties. Here, we report the efficacy of poly(oxanorborneneimide) (PONI)-based antimicrobial polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs) against multi-species bacterial biofilms. PNPs showed good dual-species biofilm penetration profiles as confirmed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity was observed, with reduction in both bacterial viability and overall biofilm mass. Further, PNPs displayed minimal fibroblast toxicity and high antimicrobial activity in an in vitro co-culture model comprising fibroblast cells and dual-species biofilms of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This study highlights a potential clinical application of the presented polymeric platform.

scholarly journals In vitro and in vivo antimicrobial activity of Ulva lactuca Linn. (Green algae) associated endophytic bacterial Strains

2016 ◽  
pp. 138-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prasanna Habbu ◽  
Vijayanand Warad ◽  
Rajesh Shastri ◽  
Chetan Savant ◽  
Smita Madagundi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Green Algae ◽  
Ulva Lactuca ◽  
Bacterial Strains

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Antimicrobial Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Tecoma stans and Abutilon indicum Leaves: An In vitro Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 609-615
Author(s):  
M. Binigha ◽  
R. Gayatri Devi ◽  
J. Selavaraj ◽  
A. Jothi Priya
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
The Family ◽  
Abutilon Indicum

Tecoma stans is a flowering plant belonging to the family Bignoniaceae. It is the floral emblem of the Bahamas. Abutilon indicum belongs to the family Malvaceae. It is also called Indian Mallow. Tecoma stans and Abutilon indicumhave antimicrobial activity and can be used in producing antibiotics. There is an urgent need to produce new antibiotics as there is an increase in the development of pathogen resistant drugs. The aim of this study was to compare the antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extract of Tecoma stansand Abutilonindicum leaves. E.faecalis bacteria were maintained in nutrient agar slopes. The powder of the two herbs, were subjected to extraction by Soxhlet extractor and was concentrated to dry residue by Agar well diffusion method. The nutrient broth was inoculated with bacterial strains. The culture was adjusted to 0.5McFarland turbidity standard. Lawn culture was done in Muller-Hinton agar plate and then the plates were dried. A 6 mm diameter well is bored for different concentrations. The extracts were introduced into the well and allowed to stand for 24 hrs. The antibacterial activity was determined by measuring the zone of inhibition. The present finding on the antimicrobial potential of Abutilon indicum and Tecoma stands showed that the two plants have growth inhibitory activity against oral pathogen E. faecalis. Abutilon indicum has a zone of inhibition greater than Tecoma stans. Abutilon indicum exhibited better activity compared to Tecoma stans.

In vitro antimicrobial and preliminary phytochemical screening of some Samburu Anti‐diarrhoeal medicinal plants ‐ Kenya

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 217-226
Author(s):  
E. O. Omwenga ◽  
P. O. Okemo ◽  
P. K. Mbugua
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Fungal Strains ◽  
Local Isolate ◽  
Agar Disc

The antimicrobial effect of some selected Samburu medicinal plants was evaluated on bacterial strains like Staphylococcus aureus ‐ ATCC 20591, Bacillus subtillis ‐ Local isolate, Salmonella typhi‐ATCC 2202, Escherichia coli‐STD. 25922 and Pseudomonas aeroginosa ‐ ATCC 25852 and fungal strains like Candida albicans ATCC EK138, Aspergillus niger ATCC 16404, Aspergillusflavus‐Local isolate, Fusarium lateritium‐Local isolate, and Penicillium spp.‐ local isolate. Methanol was used as solvent for the extraction from the selected medicinal plants used by the Samburu community. The in vitro antimicrobial activity was performed by agar disc diffusion and micro‐dilution technique. The most susceptible Gram‐positive bacterium was S. aureus, while the most susceptible Gram‐negative bacterium was P. aeroginosa. The extracts of Gomphocarpus fruticosus (L) W.T. Aiton showed less activity against the bacterial strains investigated. The most active antibacterial plants were Euphorbia scarlatica S. Carter, and Euclea divinoram Hiern. Incidentally most of the extracts were inactive against the fungal strains with only a few proving to be slightly active against the C. albicans i.e. Loranthus acaciae Zucc., Kedrostis pseudogijef (Gilg) C. Jeffrey, Euclea divinoram Hiern. and Croton macrostachyus (A. Rich). Benths. The significant antimicrobial activity of active extracts was compared with the standard antimicrobials, cefrodoxima, amoxicillin and fluconazole. The MICs of the most active plants ranged from 18.75mg/ml to 37.50mg/ml. The MBCs ranged between 18.75mg/ml to75mg/ml. These results were significant at P< 0.01. The findings show that most of the medicinal plants used by the Samburu community have some significant activity on the bacterial but not fungal pathogens known to cause diarrhoea.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity and DNA/BSA Binding Affinity of Polynuclear Silver(I) Complexes with 1,2-Bis(4-pyridyl)ethane/ethene as Bridging Ligands

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Sonja Ž. Đurić ◽  
Sandra Vojnovic ◽  
Tina P. Andrejević ◽  
Nevena Lj Stevanović ◽  
Nada D. Savić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Fibroblast Cell ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Human Lung Fibroblast ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations ◽  
Lung Fibroblast Cell Line ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

1,2-Bis(4-pyridyl)ethane (bpa) and 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethene (bpe) were used for the synthesis of polynuclear silver(I) complexes, {[Ag(bpa)]NO3}n (1), {[Ag(bpa)2]CF3SO3.H2O}n (2) and {[Ag(bpe)]CF3SO3}n (3). In complexes 1–3, the corresponding nitrogen-containing heterocycle acts as a bridging ligand between two Ag(I) ions. In vitro antimicrobial activity of these complexes, along with the ligands used for their synthesis, was evaluated against the broad panel of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. The silver(I) complexes 1–3 showed selectivity towards Candida spp. and Gram-negative Escherichia coli in comparison to the other investigated bacterial strains, effectively inhibiting the growth of four different Candida species with minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) between 2.5 and 25 μg/mL and the growth of E. coli, with MIC value being 12.5 μg/mL. Importantly, complex 2 significantly reduced C. albicans filamentation, an essential process for its pathogenesis. Antiproliferative effect on the normal human lung fibroblast cell line MRC-5 was also evaluated with the aim of determining the therapeutic potential of the complexes 1–3. The interactions of these complexes with calf thymus DNA (ctDNA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were studied to evaluate their binding activities towards these biomolecules for possible insights on their mode of action.

scholarly journals Small molecule anion transporters display in vitro antimicrobial activity against clinically relevant bacterial strains

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (68) ◽  
pp. 10080-10083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Israel Carreira-Barral ◽  
Carlos Rumbo ◽  
Marcin Mielczarek ◽  
Daniel Alonso-Carrillo ◽  
Enara Herran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Small Molecule ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Anion Transporters ◽  
Highly Active

Highly active transmembrane anion transporters have demonstrated their activity against antibiotic-resistant and clinically relevant bacterial strains.

scholarly journals In Vitro Bactericidal Activity of Human β-Defensin 3 against Multidrug-Resistant Nosocomial Strains

2006 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 806-809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppantonio Maisetta ◽  
Giovanna Batoni ◽  
Semih Esin ◽  
Walter Florio ◽  
Daria Bottai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Bactericidal Activity ◽  
Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia ◽  
Bactericidal Effect ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Gram Negative

ABSTRACT The antimicrobial activity of human β-defensin 3 (hBD-3) against multidrug-resistant clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Acinetobacter baumannii was evaluated. A fast bactericidal effect (within 20 min) against all bacterial strains tested was observed. The presence of 20% human serum abolished the bactericidal activity of hBD-3 against gram-negative strains and reduced the activity of the peptide against gram-positive strains.

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