State Accompli: The Political Consolidation of the Islamic State Prior to the Caliphate

This paper considers the effect of violence on the emotions of IS fighters and the resultant consequences of those emotions as a factor in their choice to use violence. By interrogating the human aspect of the fighters, I am focusing not on religion but on human agency as a factor in the violence. In this regard, this paper is about reorienting the question about the violence of IS not as “religious” violence but as a response to how these fighters perceive what is happening to them and their homeland. It is about politicising the political, about the violence of the state and its coalition of killing as opposed to a consistent effort to frame the violence into an explanation of “extremist religious ideology.” This shift in analysis is significant because of the increasing harm that is caused by the rise in Islamophobia where all Muslims are considered “radical” and are dehumanised. This is by no means a new project; rather it reflects the ongoing project of distortion of and animosity toward Islam, the suspension of ethics and the naturalisation of war. It is about an advocacy for war by hegemonic powers and (puppet regimes) states against racialised groups in the name of defending liberal values. Furthermore, the myth of religious violence has served to advance the goals of power which have been used in domestic and foreign policy to marginalise and dehumanise Muslims and to portray the violence of the secular state as a justified intervention in order to protect Western civilisation and the secular subject.

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المساعي السياسية والإصلاحية للإمام أبي الوليد الباجي

al-Irsyad: Journal of Islamic and Contemporary Issues ◽

10.53840/alirsyad.v6i1.172 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 537-548

Author(s):

Sebbane Habib ◽

Omar Boukhri

Keyword(s):

Eleventh Century ◽

Fifth Century ◽

Political Life ◽

The Political ◽

Islamic State ◽

Political Situation ◽

Islamic Jurisprudence ◽

Long Time ◽

Umayyad Caliphate ◽

Scientific Life

After the fall of the Umayyad Caliphate, the Andalusian Islamic state witnessed a political rupture as a result of chaos, rivalries and sectarian conflicts throughout the fifth century AH corresponding to the eleventh century AD. These dangerous security breakdowns led to the disintegration and division of the Islamic Caliphate in Andalusia into a group of independent kingdoms and small emirates which ultimately found themselves on one hand in permanent wars between them, and on the other in skirmishes with the neighbouring Christian forces. This fact contributed to lack of stability and peace of these lands and the establishment of weak governing systems for a long time. This political situation stressed the worsening of their social conditions and their scientific life. Nevertheless, this situation generated a motivating nostalgia and rage in some scholars and jurists such as Imam Abū al-Walīd al-Bājī who is considered one of the key-figures and scholars of Andalusia. He had a prominent role in pushing forward and reviving scientific life by setting various new foundations in order to reform some fields. His writings were directed for educational purposes. Besides, he included the reform of Islamic jurisprudence, which was aimed primarily for jurists and rulers. Furthermore, some of his writings were sermons and ethical moral instructions for commoners. His endeavours led him to enter the political life as he assumed the judicial profession of a judge, that enabled him to be in more touch with the various kings of sects giving him the chance to advise and guide them. His efforts in that end resulted in seeking to reunite the kings of the sects and their princes under the banner of Islam and unite their forces for the defence of Muslim presence in Andalusia against the Christian threat.

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The Ancient Walls of Damascus and the Siege of Mouaddamiyya: A Historical and Spatial Analysis of Bounded Place and Cultural Identity

Space and Culture ◽

10.1177/1206331217723538 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 441-453 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nour Halabi

Keyword(s):

Cultural Identity ◽

Spatial Organization ◽

The Political ◽

Islamic State ◽

Public Response ◽

The Public ◽

Syrian Crisis ◽

Political Turmoil ◽

The Impact ◽

Vast Area

Throughout the Syrian crisis, the presence of material and symbolic boundaries to culture became a particularly salient element of the continuously unfolding political turmoil. As one terrorist group, Daesh, or the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria, seeks to unite the vast area of the Middle East under the political, religious, and cultural administration of a “Greater State of Syria,” or “al-Sham,” this article revisits the historical spatial organization of Damascus and the construction of city boundaries and walls as factors that contributed to the cultivation of spatially grounded cleavages within Syrian and Damascene identity. In the latter section of this article, I reflect on the impact of these cleavages on the Syrian crisis by focusing on the public response to the siege of the Mouaddamiyya neighborhood.

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Islam's Attitude towards Democracy Comparative Study in International Human Rights Law

Journal of Politics and Law ◽

10.5539/jpl.v9n1p73 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 73

Author(s):

Suhail Hussein Al-Fatlawi

Keyword(s):

Legal System ◽

Liberal Democracy ◽

Fifth Century ◽

The Political ◽

Islamic State ◽

International Human Rights Law ◽

Legislative Authority ◽

The People ◽

History Of ◽

Muslim Scholars

Democracy was established in the Greek cities in the fifth century B.C. It is a liberal western system. In this regard, various Islamic countries applied democracy as a political and legal system where the people elect their representatives in the legislative authority in order to put the legal regulations that organize the human behavior.The research included a brief idea about liberal democracy, its history and objectives, the political and legal system in the Islamic state, the dispute among Muslim scholars on the application of democracy in the Islamic states; some Muslim scholars refuse to apply democracy since the legal system in Islam relies on the Holly Qor'an and the Prophet's speeches, which are a biding regulation for Muslims, while other authors believe that Islam accepts democracy and others think that Islam should have its special democracy that differs from the liberal democracy. This paper discussed the political and legal systems that were applied the Islamic state during the history of Islam. Finally the paper presented the most conclusions and recommendations reached by the researcher.

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PENERAPAN QANUN ACEH DI KOTA SUBULUSSALAM: Kajian Atas Qanun No. 12, 13 Dan 14 Tahun 2003

10.31237/osf.io/gv3km ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Ali Geno Berutu

Keyword(s):

Local Government ◽

Islamic Law ◽

Central Government ◽

Field Research ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Research Field ◽

Primary Data ◽

Legislative Process ◽

Islamic State ◽

Political Consolidation

his Research proves that the implementation of Aceh Qanun No. 12, 13 and 14 Year 2003 on Khama r, M a i s i r , and Khalwat in Subulussalam is not completely worked well, because in addition to legal issues qanuns, most have efforts political consolidation of the central government and local government. This thesis supports and strengthens the conclusion Michail Buehrel in this article entitled “The Rise of Sharia by Laws in Indonesia District an Indication For Changing Patterns of Power Accumulation and Political Corruption ” (2008) who found the formulization of Islamic Law in the region is political consolidation instrument for exploring the local government, especially financially in building. Buehler did not even find a conservative movement in the imposition of Islamic Law in the area. This research also support M.B Hooker’s opinion in his work entitled Indonesian Syariah : Defining a National School of Islamic Law, (2008)which states that in legislative process of Islamic law in aceh. There are many obstacles and barriers , because the Sharia Law to be applied must necessarily correspond with the system national law, while the central government to add more breadth of autonomy for Aceh in the part of Islamic Law to legislate in the part of law qanuns jina>na>t . This thesis does not agree with the conclusion of Harold Crouch in his work The Recent Resurgence of Political Islam in Indonesia, “ Islam In Southeast Asi a: Analysing Recent Development” , ed. Anthony L. Smith, (Singapore: ISEAS, 2002) as saying that the barrage history of failure of Islamic parties in order to implement Islamic Law-making opportunities for the application of Islamic Law in Indonesia did not exist. Crouch’s opinion just say that the application of Islamic Law to be in the sense of establishing an Islamic State. Data obtained from field research (field research) with qualitative methods and approach the socio - legal - historical . The primary data of the document and the results wawancara and field observations. Primary data in the form of documents are: Law No. 44 In 1999, Law No. 18 of 2001, Law No. 11 In 2006, Qanun 5 In 2000, Qanun No. 12, 13, 14, 2003, Qanun 7 In 2013, Qanun 6 In 2014 and Qanun 8 Year 2014. The primary data in the form of interviews and observations sourced from: Office of Islamic Law (DSI), the Wilayatul Hisbah (WH), the Court Syar'iyah (MS), the Police, the Mufti Consultative Assembly (MPU), the Aceh Tradition Council (MAA). Secondary data in the form of: 1) the books on Islamic law, sociology and anthropology of law, the historical development of Islam in Indonesia; 2) journals and other scholarly works that examine the rules of Islamic law, the application of Islamic law, social and Community; 3) as well as other sources such relevant, scientific papers, websites, newspapers, magazines and others

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AHLUSSUNAH WAL JAMAAH'S POLITICAL PRACTICES IN POST-REFORM INDONESIA

Al-Risalah ◽

10.34005/alrisalah.v12i2.1400 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 273-296

Author(s):

Ahmad Zubaidi

Keyword(s):

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Political Order ◽

Political Activity ◽

The Political ◽

Islamic State ◽

Political Ideologies ◽

The Reformation ◽

Islamic Politics ◽

Analysis System

Islamic politics in Indonesia is very distinctive and has characteristics as a reflection of Indonesian Muslims who understand ahlussunnah wal jamaah so that the aspect of compromise and promoting togetherness, and attaching importance to stability is undeniable. However, that was before, later after the reformation, when the faucet of freedom was opened in Indonesia, many political ideologies entered Indonesia. They tried to change the established Indonesian political order, such as the emergence of the sharia formalization movement, the desire to establish an Islamic state, and the Islamic caliphate. The political activity of this model is increasingly visible in the era of President Jokowidodo as a symbol of resistance. This paper tries to elaborate and analyze with a descriptive analysis system on the phenomena in post-reform Indonesia. It is interesting because there are symptoms that the political doctrine of Aswaja will be defeated by the momentary political doctrines and the doctrines of khilafahism. However, during this upheaval, Aswaja's power and doctrine proved to endure despite the worrying erosion. Politik Islam di Indonesia sangat khas dan berkarakteristik sebagai cerminan umat Islam Indonesia yang berpaham ahlussunnah wal jamaah, sehingga aspek kompromi dan mengedepankan kebersamaan dan mementingkan stabilitas angat kentara. Tapi itu dulu, belakangan pasca refeormasi, ketika kran kebebasan dibuka di Indonesia, banyal ideology politik masuk ke Indonesia dan berusaha merubah tatanan politik indonnesia yang sudah mapan, seperti munculnya gerakan formalisasi syariah, keinginan mendirikan Negara Islam, dan khiafah islamiyah. Bahkan aktifitas politik model ini semakin kentara di ere Presiden Jokowidodo sebagai symbol perlawanan. Tulisan ini mencoba mengelabirasi dan menganalisis dengan system analisis deskriptif terhadap fenomena yang terjadi di Indonesia pasca reformasi. Hal ini menarik karena ada gejala doktrin politik aswaja akan terkalahkan oleh doktrin politik sesaat dan doktin-doktin khilafihisme. Namun, di tengah pergolakan ini, kekuatan aswaja dan doktrinnya terbukti dapat bertahan walau di tengah erosi yang mengkhawatirkan.

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The Islamic state in the PostModern World, the Political Experience of Pakistan by Louis D. Hayes. Publisher Ashgate, England. 2014, ISBN 978-1-4724- 1262-1

Tidsskrift for Islamforskning ◽

10.7146/tifo.v9i2.25357 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 149

Author(s):

Rubya Mehdi

Keyword(s):

The Political ◽

Islamic State ◽

Political Experience

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ISLAM AS A GROUND OF POLITICAL SYSTEM ACCORDING TO IMAM RUHOLLAH KHOMEINI

Islam in the modern world ◽

10.22311/2074-1529-2018-14-4-115-124 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 115-124

Author(s):

T. G. Korneeva

Keyword(s):

Political System ◽

Point Of View ◽

The Political ◽

Islamic State ◽

Islamic Revolution ◽

Philosophical System ◽

Sharia Law ◽

Ayatollah Khomeini ◽

Government Governance ◽

Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini

The article represents the views of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini (1902–1989), the leader of the Islamic revolution in Iran, on Islam as the basis of the political system. Imam Khomeini believed that Islam should not be considered only as a set of prescriptions or as a kind of philosophical system. In his work “Vilayat-i fakih. Hokumat-i Islami ” (“Islamic Government: Governance of the Jurist”) Khomeini substantiates the need for the formation of a state based on Sharia law. The ideas of the Ayatollah were not completely new to Shii political doctrine. The olitical views of Ayatollah Khomeini formed under a great infl uence of a situation in Iran in the XX cent. The author analyzes the Khomeini’s views on politics and his concept of “vilayat-i fakih”. From Ayatollah Khomeini’s point of view, we can’t imagine Islam apart from politics, otherwise Islam will be incomplete. Personal self-improvement also depends on the fullness of religion, and therefore Muslims need an Islamic state to fully keep the Sharia law. The analysis of the views of Imam Khomeini is based on the original treatise in Persian.

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Russian Nationalists Fight Ukrainian War

Journal on Baltic Security ◽

10.1515/jobs-2016-0012 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 47-60 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Natalia Yudina

Keyword(s):

Current Situation ◽

The Political ◽

Nationalist Movement ◽

Current Regime ◽

The Past ◽

Political Consolidation

Abstract In this article, I am going to focus on how the radical nationalist movement in Russia fares in the current situation, given the political consolidation of the current regime, and the war in Ukraine1 and the government’s reaction to it. The article describes the situation as it stood at the end of 2014, which makes it predictably incomprehensive because new updates on the conflict still arrive every day, and there has also been more news about Russian ultra-right forces over the past few months.

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Politik Identitas Islam dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Demokrasi di Indonesia

POLITEA ◽

10.21043/politea.v2i2.5953 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 181

Author(s):

Haikal Fadhil Anam

Keyword(s):

Political Identity ◽

Political Influence ◽

Learning Phase ◽

The Political ◽

Islamic State ◽

Political Will ◽

Large Wave ◽

The Future ◽

Islamic Identity ◽

Rule Out

The political identity of Islam emerged in a very large wave after the mobilization of time at the Jakarta elections in 2016. This has many implications for various aspects of State life, including the current democracy in Indonesia. In this case, Indonesia is a country that is still in the learning phase of democracy. The political influence of Islamic identity on democracy will make the nation split. This is backed by the strong narrative of the Political Islamic Group which at the end of the goal, wanted to establish the Islamic State. The future is political, will further heed and mobilize Muslims, as a majority, and rule out other religions.

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