scholarly journals Influence of Gender on Cocaine Hepatotoxicity in CF-1 Mice

2005 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Visalli ◽  
Rita Turkall ◽  
Mohamed S Abdel-Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Liver Glutathione ◽  
Sterile Saline ◽  
Hemorrhagic Necrosis ◽  
Cocaine Hydrochloride ◽  
Biochemical Profiles ◽  
High Degree

Gender is known to play a role in the bioavailability, metabolism, and lethality of many toxic substances. This study was conducted to investigate the influence of gender on cocaine hepatotoxicity (CH) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) potentiation of CH. Male and female CF-1 mice were orally administered 20 mg/kg body weight cocaine hydrochloride once daily for 7 days. Four hours after the last cocaine administration, the mice were administered 12 × 106 EU LPS (or equal volume of sterile saline) intraperitoneally. Plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were evaluated as indices of liver injury. Blood and liver glutathione (GSH), glutathione reductase (GRx), and catalase (CAT) activities were also determined to investigate the extent of oxidative stress induced by the treatments. Serum ALT and AST concentrations were elevated in all males receiving cocaine alone or cocaine + LPS. Furthermore, blood GSH and CAT were decreased and GRx activity was elevated in these same animals. Histological analysis revealed a high degree of hepatic focal necrosis in the male cocaine group, and severe hemorrhagic necrosis in the male cocaine + LPS group. Unlike males, females showed no damage resulting from cocaine or cocaine + LPS exposure, whereas testosterone-supplemented ovariectomized females displayed histological and biochemical profiles statistically similar to males. The results demonstrate that the extent of CH or LPS-potentiated CH is influenced by gender and sex hormones, particularly testosterone.

scholarly journals Cocaine Hepatotoxicity and Its Potentiation by Lipopolysaccharide: Treatment and Gender Effects

2004 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Visalli ◽  
Rita Turkall ◽  
Mohamed S. Abdel-Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Gender Effects ◽  
Oxidation Stress ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Sterile Saline ◽  
Cocaine Hydrochloride ◽  
And Gender ◽  
High Degree

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of a 7-day treatment as well as the influence of gender on cocaine hepatotoxicity (CH). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) potentiation of CH was also investigated. Male and female CF-1 mice were orally administered 20 mg/kg body weight cocaine hydrochloride once daily for 7 days. Four hours after the last cocaine administration, the mice were administered 12 × 106 EU LPS (or equal volume of sterile saline) intraperitoneally. Plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were evaluated as indices of liver injury. Blood and liver glutathione (GSH), glutathione reductase (GRx), and catalase (CAT) activities were also determined to investigate the oxidation stress induced by the treatment. Plasma ALT and AST concentrations were elevated in all males receiving cocaine alone or cocaine + LPS. Furthermore, blood GSH and CAT were decreased and GRx activity was elevated in the same males. Histological analysis revealed a high degree of focal necrosis in the male cocaine group, and severe necrosis in the male cocaine + LPS group. Unlike males, females showed no effect of either cocaine alone or cocaine + LPS treatments. These results indicate that gender plays a significant role in CH and its potentiation by LPS and lengthening the administration by two treatments increased the severity of cocaine + LPS hepatotoxicity dramatically in male mice.

Follicle development in cryopreserved bitch ovarian tissue grafted to immunodeficient mouse

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 461 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Commin ◽  
S. Buff ◽  
E. Rosset ◽  
C. Galet ◽  
A. Allard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Slow Freezing ◽  
Angiogenic Factor ◽  
Muscle Actin ◽  
Once Daily

The present study evaluated: (1) in vivo follicular development in canine ovarian tissue after slow freezing and xenotransplantation; and (2) the use of erythropoietin (EPO) as an angiogenic factor to optimise the transplantation procedure. Frozen–thawed ovarian tissue from five bitches was grafted into severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice (n = 47) treated with or without EPO (500 IU kg–1, once daily for 3 days) (Groups A and B, respectively) and analysed after 0, 1, 8 or 16 weeks. Follicle grade, follicle density, follicle morphology and stromal cells density were assessed by histological analysis, whereas vascularisation of the graft was quantified by immunohistochemistry with anti-α-smooth muscle actin antibody. Despite a massive loss of follicles after grafting, secondary follicle density was higher at 8 and 16 weeks than at 1 week regardless of EPO treatment. EPO significantly improved early follicle morphology and stromal cell density after 8 weeks and blood vessel density at 16 weeks after transplantation (P < 0.05). Intact secondary follicles with more than three granulosa cells layers were observed 16 weeks after transplantation. The results suggest that canine ovarian tissue can be successfully preserved by our slow-freezing protocol because the tissue showed follicular growth after xenotransplantation. EPO treatment did not lessen the massive loss of follicles after transplantation.

III. Bacterial Contamination of the Umbilicus

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 921-922
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Hemolytic Streptococcus ◽  
Puerperal Sepsis ◽  
Treat All ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Low Rate

In December 1957, two cases of omphalitis occurred in one of the nurseries. Hemolytic streptococcus and S. aureus were isolated from the umbilicus in each case. These findings prompted us to take umbilical swabs from all the babies in the two nurseries on the same ward. Table XIX shows that on this occasion 83% of the 23 cords sampled were contaminated with Hemolytic streptococcus and 78% with S. aureus. When it was noted that such a high percentage of cords were contaminated with pyogenic streptococci and staphylococci, it was decided to treat all babies by painting the cords once daily with aqueous benzalkonium, Zephiran®, (1:1000). After this procedure had been in use for 5 weeks, surveys showed that 67% of 57 infants' cords still carried Hemolytic streptococcus and 68% carried S. aureus (Table XIX). As the Zephiran® treatment had not reduced the number of either streptococci or staphylococci appreciably, triple-dye was applied daily to the cord stumps (Jellard, J.:Brit. M. J., 1:925, 1957). With this method, although streptococci and staphylococci were not immediately eliminated, the results after 6 weeks showed a low rate of contamination (Table XIX). Although not shown in the Table, on the occasion of our last survey, when 31 cords were sampled, no streptococci were recovered. The presence of such a high degree of streptococcal cord contamination was disturbing. An explanation for this was sought by attempting to locate streptococcal throat-carries amongst the nursery personnel. However, pyogenic streptococci were not recovered from their throats. No case of streptococcal puerperal sepsis had been reported from the maternity wards of the hospital for more than a year.

scholarly journals Motives and Obstacles of Using Internet as A Source for Learning By The Students of Human Sciences at the World Islamic Science & Education University( WISE)

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 181
Author(s):  
Mohammed Bader Alyousef
Keyword(s):  
Science Education ◽  
Female Students ◽  
T Test ◽  
Human Sciences ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
University Courses ◽  
The World ◽  
Islamic Science ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Use Of Internet

<p>The study aimed at revealing the motives and the obstacles of using internet as a source of<br />learning by the human colleges at WISE. And to achieve the study’s goals , a questionnaire<br />was developed consisting of 40 items; 20 items addressed motives of using internet as source<br />of learning and other 20 items addressed obstacles of using internet as a source of learning .<br />The sample of the study which consisted of 520 male and female students was selected<br />randomly in the second semester for 2012/2013. After data were collected, they were<br />analyzed using descriptive methods, t-test and ANOVA. Results showed the motives of using<br />internet ranged from high degree to moderate. The degrees of obstacles facing using internet<br />were moderate.<br />The researcher recommended the necessity of activating the students’ use of internet with<br />their teachers’ guidance, facilitating the use of internet by increasing the number of computer<br />labs and supervisors, in addition to provide flexible and easy electronic programs for studying<br />university courses.</p>

Evaluational Reactions to Erotic Literature

1965 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 985-994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon A. Jakobovits
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Hard Core ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Sampling Bias ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Erotic Literature ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Very High

On the basis of analysis of a variety of erotic literature Kronhausen and Kronhausen (1959) have suggested that there seem to be two general types: erotic realism ( ER) and hard-core obscenity ( O). Using three of the distinguishing criteria which were identified (context, exaggeration, and anti-eroticism), 20 short stories were specifically written in such a way that 10 had the characteristics of ER and the others had the characteristics of O. Study I showed a very high degree of agreement between judges in their classification of these stories as either ER or O. Study II revealed that male and female readers react differentially to the two types of stories. Females consistently rate O as more interesting and sexually stimulating than males do, the latter finding ER as more arousing than O. Other evaluational reactions are also described. A “warm-up” cumulative effect with successive reading was found with both sexes. The possibility of sampling bias affecting the data was noted.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Distance Learning Experience During the Corona Pandemic Using the Multiple Decision Model (CIPP) - Field Study on Students of Saudi Universities-: تقويم تجربة التعليم عن بعد في ضوء جائحة كورونا باستخدام نموذج القرارات المتعددة (CIPP) – دراسة ميدانية على طلبة الجامعات السعودية-

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (44) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amal Hoshan Al-Hoshan
Keyword(s):  
Distance Learning ◽  
Decision Model ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Simple Random Sample ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Financial Need ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Descriptive Survey

The study aimed to evaluate the distance learning during the Corona pandemic using the Multiple Decision Model (CIPP), through evaluating the context, inputs, processes and outputs of the experience from the viewpoint of male and female students at the undergraduate level in Saudi universities. To achieve the goals of the study, the descriptive survey approach was used, and the questionnaire as a study tool that consisted of (22) phrases divided into four axes (context, inputs, processes, outputs). It was applied to a simple random sample consisting of (502) male and female students in the study population which included all male and female students of the public universities in the Riyadh region, who numbered (184, 035). The study found that the input axis was the highest achieved with a high degree (3.52), followed by the outputs with a medium degree (3.39), operations with a medium degree (3.26) and assessing the context with an average degree (3.23). A number of recommendations were given, the most important of which was developing the infrastructure and academic accreditation for distance education programs, and providing support students in financial need.

The Degree of Islamic Education Teachers' Commitment for the Teaching Career Ethics from the School Principals' Viewpoint in Jerash Governorate: درجة التزام معلمي التربية الإسلامية بأخلاقيات مهنة التعليم من وجهة نظر مديري المدارس في محافظة جرش

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (28) ◽  
pp. 38-24
Author(s):  
Ahmad Ahmoud Al-Harahsheh Ahmad Ahmoud Al-Harahsheh
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Method ◽  
School Principals ◽  
Islamic Education ◽  
Local Society ◽  
Teaching Career ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Education Experience ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Relationship

The study aims to recognise "The Degree of Islamic Education Teachers' Commitment for the Teaching Career ethics from the School Principals' Viewpoint in Jerash Governorate. The researcher uses the analytical method. The sample is 80 male and female school principals who are chosen randomly. The questionnaire consists of 54 paragraphs divided into four fields. These fields are the relationship between Islamic Education Teachers and their career (paragraphs 1_14), their relationship with their students (paragraphs 15_30), their relationship with their colleagues (paragraphs 31_44), and the fourth field is the relationship between Islamic Education Teachers and the local society (paragraphs 45_54), The study finds that "The Degree of Islamic Education Teachers' Commitment for the Teaching Career Ethics from the School Principals' Viewpoint in Jerash Governorate" comes generally with high degree. The average of the fields come in the following ascending order: the relationship between Islamic Education Teachers and local society, their career, their students, their colleagues. Also, the results show there are no differences with statistical evidence in their degree of commitment for teaching career ethics according to gender, level of education, experience or the type of university. The study recommends to hold courses and workshops for teachers, school principals and supervisors to enlighten them with the importance of the commitment of teaching career ethics. In addition, it recommends to prepare an ethical charter for new teachers to follow it from the beginning of their work.

An alternative method for oral drug administration by voluntary intake in male and female mice

2020 ◽  
pp. 002367722095078
Author(s):  
Luísa Teixeira-Santos ◽  
António Albino-Teixeira ◽  
Dora Pinho
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
Oral Drug Delivery ◽  
Oral Drug ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Administration Method ◽  
Voluntary Intake

Drug administration to experimental rodents is often invasive and stressful, thus reducing animal welfare and potentially confounding experimental results. Methods of oral drug delivery in which rodents cooperate voluntarily minimize stress, pain and morbidity. We herein describe a method for oral administration through voluntary intake of strawberry jam, developed for C57BL/6J mice. During a 3-day habituation period, animals were placed in individual cages once daily and presented with a drop of jam. Five days later, the jam was again offered with admixed drug. Mice ingested it in less than 5 min, with latency times below 1 min, confirming the suitability of the administration method.

A Planned Complex Suicide: Need for a High Index of Suspicion

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 454-455
Author(s):  
Michael W. Parra ◽  
Matthew W. Lube ◽  
Haitham Al-Khayat ◽  
Michael L. Cheatham
Keyword(s):  
Gunshot Wound ◽  
High Index ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Degree Of Protection ◽  
Legal Literature ◽  
Suicidal Person ◽  
Complex Suicide ◽  
Single Method ◽  
High Index Of Suspicion ◽  
High Degree

Unusual ways of committing suicide are reported in the medico-legal literature, but few refer to the so-called “planned complex suicide” (PCS).1 PCS, also termed primary combined suicide, is defined as the combination of two or more methods of injury by the suicidal person to prevent failure of a single method of suicide alone. In contrast, in secondary or unplanned complex suicide, the victim uses the second method of suicide only after failure of the first method.2 Combinations of shooting, hanging, burning, and/or poisoning have been used as suicidal methods.3–6 Sometimes the double use of one method such as simultaneous gunshot wound from two firearms or ingestion of two different toxic substances has been reported. This gives the suicidal person a high degree of protection against failure of one of the methods, as both modes of injury are relatively certain.2 This case report demonstrates the importance of the treating physician maintaining a high index of suspicion for the possibility PCS with the aim of avoiding a misdiagnosis that may be fatal.

Studies on the behaviour on the South Ausralian fur seal, Arctocephalus forsteri (Lesson) II. Adult females and pups

1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 267 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Stirling
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Specific Location ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Specific Behaviour ◽  
Fur Seal ◽  
O 47 ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Regular Patterns

A. forsteri pups were all weaned by 1 year old and were then totally absent from the island during the breeding season. The recorded intervals, for three tagged females, between apparent weaning of one pup and birth of the next were 29, 40, and 60 days. Some females became infested with barnacles during the period of feeding at sea prior to parturition. Adult females showed a high degree of fidelity to specific breeding colonies. Little specific behaviour, other than restlessness, preceded birth. Five observed births took from 5 sec to 4 min. Pups could swim when born. Male and female newborn pups weighed 4.41 =0.60 and 4.11 +O.47 kg respectively; the sex ratio was not significantly different from unity. Pups stayed with their mothers at a specific location for the first few days, after which the females began to feed at sea and the pups began to associate with each other. Females had not established regular patterns of presence and absence in the pupping colony by early February, but did so by late April. Females did not defend even newborn pups from approaching humans.

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