A Study of the relationship between arsenic bioaccessibility and its solid-phase distribution in soils from Wellingborough, UK

2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (9) ◽  
pp. 1303-1315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Wragg ◽  
Mark Cave ◽  
Paul Nathanail
Keyword(s):  
Phase Distribution ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
The Relationship

Modern determinants of endometrium hyperplastic processes pathogenesis

2016 ◽  
pp. 137-142
Author(s):  
V.O. Benyuk ◽  
◽  
V.M. Goncharenko ◽  
T.R. Nykoniuk ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conservative Therapy ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
Immunohistochemical Method ◽  
Results Of Treatment ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Receptor Phenotype ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Endometrial Proliferation

The objective: to еxplore the relationship between the activity of endometrial proliferation and the state of the local immune response in the uterus in the conditions berprestasi process. Patients and methods. Examined 228 women of reproductive and perimenopausal age with endometrial pathology using ultrasound and then performing hysteroresectoscopy. Determination of the concentrations of the cytokines IL-1, IL-2, IL-6 and TNF was performed by solid phase ELISA. Results. Found a trend that confirms the loss of sensitivity to hormones at the stage of malignancy of the endometrium and can be used as diagnostic determinants in determining the nature of intrauterine pathology and criterion of the effectiveness of conservative therapy. Conclusion. Improving etiopatogenetice approach to the therapy of hyperplastic proce.sses of endometrium with determination of receptor phenotype of the endometrium is a research direction in modern gynecology, which will help to improve the results of treatment and prevention of intrauterine pathology. Key words: endometrial hyperplasia,the receptors for progesterone and estrogen, immunohistochemical method.

Predictive Failure Analysis of Solder Joints with Simultaneous High Speed EBSD and EDS

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Lindsay ◽  
P. Trimby ◽  
J. Goulden ◽  
S. McCracken ◽  
R. Andrews
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Solder Joints ◽  
Phase Distribution ◽  
Bond Failure ◽  
Microstructural Parameters ◽  
Snpb Solder ◽  
Grain Orientations ◽  
Accelerated Thermal Cycling ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Opening Up

Abstract The results presented here show how high-speed simultaneous EBSD and EDS can be used to characterize the essential microstructural parameters in SnPb solder joints with high resolution and precision. Analyses of both intact and failed solder joints have been carried out. Regions of strain localization that are not apparent from the Sn and Pb phase distribution are identified in the intact bond, providing key insights into the mechanism of potential bond failure. In addition, EBSD provides a wealth of quantitative detail such as the relationship between parent Sn grain orientations and Pb coarsening, the morphology and distribution of IMCs on a sub-micron scale and accurate grain size information for all phases within the joint. Such analyses enable a better understanding of the microstructural developments leading up to failure, opening up the possibility of improved accelerated thermal cycling (ATC) testing and better quality control.

scholarly journals Influence of Sodium Sulfate Addition on Iron Grain Growth during Carbothermic Roasting of Red Mud Samples with Different Basicity

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1571
Author(s):  
Pavel Grudinsky ◽  
Dmitry Zinoveev ◽  
Denis Pankratov ◽  
Artem Semenov ◽  
Maria Panova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Separation ◽  
Grain Growth ◽  
Red Mud ◽  
Sodium Sulfate ◽  
Phase Distribution ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Alumina Production ◽  
Metallic Particles ◽  
Iron Phase ◽  
High Alkalinity

Red mud is an iron-containing waste of alumina production with high alkalinity. A promising approach for its recycling is solid-phase carbothermic roasting in the presence of special additives followed by magnetic separation. The crucial factor of the separation of the obtained iron metallic particles from gangue is sufficiently large iron grains. This study focuses on the influence of Na2SO4 addition on iron grain growth during carbothermic roasting of two red mud samples with different (CaO + MgO)/(SiO2 + Al2O3) ratio of 0.46 and 1.21, respectively. Iron phase distribution in the red mud and roasted samples were investigated in detail by Mössbauer spectroscopy method. Based on thermodynamic calculations and results of multifactorial experiments, the optimal conditions for the roasting of the red mud samples with (CaO + MgO)/(SiO2 + Al2O3) ratio of 0.46 and 1.21 were duration of 180 min with the addition of 13.65% Na2SO4 at 1150 °C and 1350 °C followed by magnetic separation that led to 97% and 83.91% of iron recovery, as well as 51.6% and 83.7% of iron grade, respectively. The mechanism of sodium sulfate effect on iron grain growth was proposed. The results pointed out that Na2SO4 addition is unfavorable for the red mud carbothermic roasting compared with other alkaline sulfur-free additives.

Acidity

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. L. Kong ◽  
X. N. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Charge ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Hydrogen Ions ◽  
Variable Charge ◽  
Aluminum Ions ◽  
Acid Reaction ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Constant Charge ◽  
Variable Charge Soils

For variable charge soils, acidity is a property that is of equal importance as the surface charge. These two properties may affect each other, with the effect of the former on the latter more remarkable than the reverse. In the previous chapters it was shown that pH affects many other properties of the soil by affecting the surface charge. Therefore, soil acidity is more significant than surface charge in some aspects. Owing to a similar reason, the importance of acidity for variable charge soils may exceed that for constant charge soils. Soil acidity generally manifests itself in the form of hydrogen ions. Actually, these hydrogen ions are chiefly the product of the hydrolysis of aluminum ions. Therefore, when examining soil acidity it is necessary to examine the properties of aluminum ions. In the previous chapter the transformation of hydrogen ions into aluminum ions has already been mentioned. In this chapter the relationship between aluminum ions and hydrogen ions will be discussed in greater detail. Another difference between variable charge soils and constant charge soils with respect to acidity is that, not only hydrogen ions, but also hydroxyl ions can participate in chemical reactions between the solid phase and the liquid phase. In constant charge soils the quantity of hydroxyl ions is an induced variable and is determined by the quantity of hydrogen ions in the solution and the ionic product of water. In variable charge soils, on the other hand, the quantity is also determined by the chemical equilibrium of that ion species itself at the solid-solution interface. Thus, hydroxyl ions can, in turn, affect the quantity of hydrogen ions in solution. In this chapter the nature of acidity of variable charge soils will be discussed mainly from these characteristics. In the field of soil chemistry, there has been an interesting history with regard to the nature of soil acidity. Soon after the recognition of the relationship between acid reaction and hydrogen ions in chemistry, this concept of the nature of acidity was introduced into soil science, and the significance of hydrogen ions was invariably associated with it whenever soil acidity was considered.

Estimating permeability of carbonate rocks from porosity and vp ∕ vs

Geophysics ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. E185-E191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ida L. Fabricius ◽  
Gregor Baechle ◽  
Gregor P. Eberli ◽  
Ralf Weger
Keyword(s):  
Specific Surface ◽  
Carbonate Rocks ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Empirical Relationship ◽  
Inherent Limitation ◽  
Indirect Measure ◽  
Depositional Settings ◽  
Porosity Effect ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Interconnected Pores

We present a method for predicting permeability from sonic and density data. The method removes the porosity effect on the ratio [Formula: see text] of dry rock, and it addresses the specific surface as an indirect measure of permeability. We look at ultrasonic data, porosity, and the permeability of 114 carbonate core plugs. In doing so, we establish an empirical relationship between the specific surface of the solid phase (as calculated by Kozeny’s equation) and [Formula: see text] (linearly transformed to remove the porosity effect). One must view the specific surface derived by using Kozeny’s equation as an effective specific surface because Kozeny’s equation only holds for homogeneous rock with interconnected pores. The ratio [Formula: see text] of dry rocks, on the other hand, seems to be controlled by the true specific surface, pointing to an inherent limitation in the method. The 114 carbonate plugs originate in three geological settings and comprise 83 calcitic and 31 dolomitic samples. Their depositional texture varies from mud-dominated to grain-dominated and recrystallized types. Our research applies the relationship to 137 carbonate samples from two different depositional settings. We find a reasonable match between predicted and measured permeability. The match is better for samples with carbonate mud-filled depositional textures than for carbonate mud-poor depositional textures. Diagenetic factors such as vuggy porosity decrease the predictability of permeability.

Headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) analysis of volatile profiles during the stir-frying process of malt

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 1699-1704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Xu ◽  
Xia Zhou ◽  
Dayong Zhang ◽  
Zelun Lan ◽  
Yun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Solid Phase Microextraction ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Mass Spectrometric ◽  
Volatile Profile ◽  
Headspace Solid Phase Microextraction ◽  
Frying Process ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Volatile Profiles ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between volatile profile variations of malt and its stir-fried forms, so as to sum up odor changes in the stir-frying process.

Preparation of PNN-PZT Ceramics and Piezoelectric Characteristics

2014 ◽  
Vol 700 ◽  
pp. 132-135
Author(s):  
Hong Wu ◽  
De Yi Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase Synthesis ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Phase Synthesis ◽  
Impedance Analyzer ◽  
Comprehensive Properties ◽  
Ceramic Samples ◽  
Xrd Patterns ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Piezoelectric Characteristics

The experimental basis formula selected in this experiment is 0.1Pb (Ni1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.9Pb (Zr0.42Ti0.58)O3(PNN-PZT). The traditional solid phase synthesis are applied piezoelectric ceramic samples. The relationship between the microstructure and electrical properties of the ceramic samples are analyzed by means of XRD, SEM, impedance analyzer etc. The XRD patterns show that all the ceramics exhibited a tetragonal perovskite structure. Through the analysis of the ceramic samples of piezoelectric and dielectric properties, PNN-PZT piezoelectric ceramics will possess best comprehensive properties when sintering temperature at 1190°C.

The Relationship between Phase Structure and Melting Characteristics of High Cesium Content KF-CsF-AlF3 Aluminum Flux

2013 ◽  
Vol 634-638 ◽  
pp. 2909-2915 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Jie Cheng ◽  
Jun Xiang Yang ◽  
Hai Wei Zhao ◽  
Guan Xing Zhang ◽  
Jun Lan Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Eutectic Reaction ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Decomposition Products ◽  
Melting Characteristics ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Relationship

The melting curves of high cesium content KF-CsF-AlF3 flux samples prepared by the wetting synthesis method were measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and the effect of the flux compositions on the melting characteristics was analyzed and summarized. Existing phases of every representation sample was identified by X-ray diffraction (XRD), meanwhile, the morphology and chemical elements of the typical flux samples were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy spectrum analysis (EDS), respectively. The results indicated that solid phase decomposition first occurred in the common phase Cs2AlF5 for all the flux samples at 420°C; one of the decomposition products, Cs3AlF6 take the eutectic reaction with the Cs2KAlF6 at about 450°C; the flux samples containing phase CsAl2F7 or Cs2KAl3F12 have the e5 and e1 eutectic reaction at 471°C and 525°C, respectively, and their liquidus increased correspondingly. The liquidus for regionⅠflux samples is about 450°C and with a narrow melting range, which would make them good substrates for aluminum alloy middle temperature brazing.

Application of Support Vector Machine Modeling on Phase Distribution in the Riser of an LSCFB Reactor

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaikh A. Razzak ◽  
Muhammad I. Hossain ◽  
Syed M. Rahman ◽  
Mohammad M. Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Support Vector Machine ◽  
Circulating Fluidized Bed ◽  
Phase Distribution ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Machine Modeling

Abstract Support vector machine (SVM) modeling approach is applied to predict the solids holdups distribution of a liquid–solid circulating fluidized bed (LSCFB) riser. The SVM model is developed/trained using experimental data collected from a pilot-scale LSCFB reactor. Two different size glass bead particles (500 μm (GB-500) and 1,290 μm (GB-1290)) are used as solid phase, and water is used as liquid phase. The trained model successfully predicted the experimental solids holdups of the LSCFB riser under different operating parameters. It is observed that the model predicted cross-sectional average of solids holdups in the axial directions and radial flow structure are well agreement with the experimental values. The goodness of the model prediction is verified by using different statistical performance indicators. For the both sizes of particles, the mean absolute error is found to be less than 5%. The correlation coefficients (0.998 for GB-500 and 0.994 for GB-1290) also show favorable indications of the suitability of SVM approach in predicting the solids holdup of the LSCFB system.

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