Predictors of high trust and the role of confidence levels in seeking cancer-related information

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Lea Sacca ◽  
Veronica Maroun ◽  
Milad Khoury
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Levels ◽  
Related Information

scholarly journals Quantifying Media Effects, Its Content, and Role in Promoting Community Awareness of Chikungunya Epidemic in Bangladesh

Epidemiologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-94
Author(s):  
Mst. Marium Begum ◽  
Osman Ulvi ◽  
Ajlina Karamehic-Muratovic ◽  
Mallory R. Walsh ◽  
Hasan Tarek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
The Public ◽  
Mainstream Media ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Media Outlet ◽  
And Control

Background: Chikungunya is a vector-borne disease, mostly present in tropical and subtropical regions. The virus is spread by Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus mosquitos and symptoms include high fever to severe joint pain. Dhaka, Bangladesh, suffered an outbreak of chikungunya in 2017 lasting from April to September. With the goal of reducing cases, social media was at the forefront during this outbreak and educated the public about symptoms, prevention, and control of the virus. Popular web-based sources such as the top dailies in Bangladesh, local news outlets, and Facebook spread awareness of the outbreak. Objective: This study sought to investigate the role of social and mainstream media during the chikungunya epidemic. The study objective was to determine if social media can improve awareness of and practice associated with reducing cases of chikungunya. Methods: We collected chikungunya-related information circulated from the top nine television channels in Dhaka, Bangladesh, airing from 1st April–20th August 2017. All the news published in the top six dailies in Bangladesh were also compiled. The 50 most viewed chikungunya-related Bengali videos were manually coded and analyzed. Other social media outlets, such as Facebook, were also analyzed to determine the number of chikungunya-related posts and responses to these posts. Results: Our study showed that media outlets were associated with reducing cases of chikungunya, indicating that media has the potential to impact future outbreaks of these alpha viruses. Each media outlet (e.g., web, television) had an impact on the human response to an individual’s healthcare during this outbreak. Conclusions: To prevent future outbreaks of chikungunya, media outlets and social media can be used to educate the public regarding prevention strategies such as encouraging safe travel, removing stagnant water sources, and assisting with tracking cases globally to determine where future outbreaks may occur.

The influence of public health information sharing on social media during the early COVID-19 outbreak

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiao-Chieh Chen ◽  
Yu-Ping Chiu
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Information Sharing ◽  
Health Information ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Activity Effect ◽  
Network Cluster ◽  
Public Health Information ◽  
Health Information Sharing

PurposeSocial media have become famous platform to search and share the COVID-19-related information. The objective of this research is to bridge the gap by proposing the effects of network cluster and transmitter activity on information sharing process.Design/methodology/approachData were collected by using Facebook application, which was available for 14 days (May 1–14) in 2020. These data were analyzed to determine the influence of the network cluster and transmitter activity.FindingsThe results showed that network cluster is positively related to transmitter activity on social media. In addition, transmitter activity partially mediated the effect of network cluster on the extent of information liked and shared. That is, transmitter activity can affect COVID-19-related information sharing on Facebook, and the activity effect is plausible and should become stronger as social network become denser.Originality/valueThis study has contributed to the knowledge of health information sharing in social media and has generated new opportunities for research into the role of network cluster. As social media is firmly entrenched in society, researches that improve the experience or quality for users is potentially impactful.

The effects of following celebrities’ lives via SNSs on life satisfaction: The palliative function of system justification and the moderating role of materialism

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 3479-3497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihye Seo ◽  
Ki Deuk Hyun
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Social Networking Sites ◽  
Relative Deprivation ◽  
System Justification ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Materialistic Values ◽  
The Relationship

Social media increases opportunities to glimpse celebrities’ glamorous lifestyles and to interact with celebrities. This study examines how the use of social networking sites (SNSs) for celebrity-related information and interactions influences users’ life satisfaction. Data analysis demonstrates that celebrity-related SNS activities decrease users’ life satisfaction by increasing relative deprivation through comparison with celebrities. However, the comparison also leads to system justification, serving a palliative function to cope with the potentially negative consequences of such comparisons, which in turn increases life satisfaction. Interestingly, materialism moderates the relationship such that the effects of comparison with celebrities on system justification are observed only among SNS users who hold high materialism values. Also, the direct positive effects of celebrity-related SNS use on life satisfaction are stronger for those with high materialistic values than for those with low materialistic values. The multifaceted functions of celebrity-related SNS activities for life satisfaction are discussed.

scholarly journals Dimensions of trust in different forms of science communication: the role of information sources and channels used to acquire science knowledge

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (03) ◽  
pp. A08
Author(s):  
Sonia Brondi ◽  
Giuseppe Pellegrini ◽  
Peter Guran ◽  
Martin Fero ◽  
Andrea Rubin
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Science Communication ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Science Knowledge ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Public Consultations ◽  
Role Of Information ◽  
Cross National

This paper investigates the dimensions of trust and the role of information sources and channels in developing differentiated forms of science communication. The discussions from two public consultations carried out in Italy and Slovakia about controversial science-related topics were quali-quantitatively content analysed. The results show that scientific knowledge pervades diverse communication spheres, producing differentiated paths of trust in science. Each path is determined by topics (environment or health-related), information sources and channels preferred, and specific features of the multifaceted notion of trust. The contribution discusses cross-national commonalities and specificities and proposes implications for science communication.

scholarly journals THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF FORENSIC COMMODITY EXPERTISE

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (87) ◽  
Author(s):  
Serhii Buzyna ◽  
◽  
Roman Kravchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Basic Principles ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Legal Proceedings ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Legal Limits ◽  
Methodological Aspects ◽  
Examination Process ◽  
Combining Methods ◽  
Selection Of

The article examines the theoretical and methodological aspects of forensic commodity expertise. The main stages and components of the expert examination process are defined. The article analyzes the current legislation in this area, describes existing legislative acts, indicates shortcomings and the need to supplement the regulatory framework. The main problems and specifics of conducting forensic commodity expertise, the process of selecting specialists for expert groups, the criteria for this selection, and so on are identified. Special emphasis is placed on the use of various methods, their objectivity and subjectivity. Measures necessary to improve the objectivity of the expert examination results are described. The possibilities of using certain methods are revealed, the expediency of using expert and measurement methods in various situations, their ratio and accuracy are indicated. The rationality of using the organoleptic method in forensic expertise is evaluated. The directions of expert commodity research determined by specific methods are determined. The origin and possibilities of combining methods in forensic commodity expertise are investigated. The legal limits of conducting an expert examination are outlined, and measures that go beyond the basic principles of legal proceedings and morality are indicated. Special attention is paid to the objects of expertise, their types and definitions, restrictions in the selection of objects, the powers of experts, officials and judicial bodies in the issue of disposing of objects of expertise, and so on. Conditions and factors that can affect the state of objects are evaluated. Particular attention is focused on the role of accompanying documentation and other types of documentation, the importance of accompanying materials and information received for examination. It is mentioned about the possibility of obtaining related information by experts during the expert examination. The scientific origin of expert methodology is analyzed and the possibilities of combining expert and scientific methods are evaluated.

scholarly journals Dynamic Encoding of Effort and Reward throughout the Execution of Action by External Globus Pallidus Neurons in Monkeys

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 1130-1144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Nougaret ◽  
Sabrina Ravel
Keyword(s):  
Globus Pallidus ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Motor Information ◽  
Expected Benefits ◽  
External Part ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
Goal Directed Behavior ◽  
Task Parameters ◽  
Different Levels

Humans and animals must evaluate the costs and expected benefits of their actions to make adaptive choices. Prior studies have demonstrated the involvement of the basal ganglia in this evaluation. However, little is known about the role of the external part of the globus pallidus (GPe), which is well positioned to integrate motor and reward-related information, in this process. To investigate this role, the activity of 126 neurons was recorded in the associative and limbic parts of the GPe of two monkeys performing a behavioral task in which different levels of force were required to obtain different amounts of liquid reward. The results first revealed that the activity of associative and limbic GPe neurons could be modulated not only by cognitive and limbic but also motor information at the same time, both during a single period or during different periods throughout the trial, mainly in an independent way. Moreover, as a population, GPe neurons encoded these types of information dynamically throughout the trial, when each piece of information was the most relevant for the achievement of the action. Taken together, these results suggest that GPe neurons could be dedicated to the parallel monitoring of task parameters essential to adjusting and maintaining goal-directed behavior.

scholarly journals Newly qualified doctors’ perceived effects of assistantship alignment with first post: a longitudinal questionnaire study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. e023992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie E Wells ◽  
Alison Bullock ◽  
Lynn V Monrouxe
Keyword(s):  
Questionnaire Study ◽  
Limited Evidence ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Confidence Levels ◽  
Preparedness For Practice ◽  
Experience Effects ◽  
Perceived Effects ◽  
The Impact

PurposeGrowing evidence supports the role of student assistantships in enhancing graduates’ preparedness for practice. However, there is limited evidence concerning the impact of aligning assistantships with graduates’ first doctor post. The aims of our study were to determine newly-qualified doctors’ views on the value their assistantship experience, effects on anxiety levels, confidence and preparedness for increased responsibilities, exploring change over time and whether effects differ according to assistantship alignment.DesignWe conducted a longitudinal cross-sectional online questionnaire study examining experiences of aligned and non-aligned assistantships across the transition from medical student to newly-qualified doctor. The questionnaire was distributed to final year medical students within Wales, UK (n=351) and those commencing their first post in Wales, UK (n=150) in June 2015 at Time 1 (T1), and repeated in September 2015 (1 month following transition, T2) and January 2016 (T3).ResultsResponse rates at T1 were 50% (n=251, aligned=139, non-aligned=112), T2 36% (n=179, aligned=83, non-aligned=96) and T3 28% (n=141, aligned=69, non-aligned=72): 15% (n=73, aligned=36, non-aligned=37) completed all questionnaires. Paired longitudinal analysis was undertaken where possible. Significant differences were observed between participants on aligned and non-aligned assistantships in terms of the value they place on their assistantship experiences, their anxiety, confidence levels and preparedness for responsibility.ConclusionAlthough not sustained, aligned assistantships seem to provide graduates with additional benefits during the August transition. Further work is required to establish what it is about the aligned assistantship programme that works and why.

Perceptions and Reality: Revealing the BIM Gap Between the UK and Turkey

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volkan Ezcan ◽  
Jack S. Goulding ◽  
Murat Kuruoglu ◽  
Farzad Pour Rahimian
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Building Information Modelling ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Building Information ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Control And Management ◽  
Intensive Control

The complex nature of the construction process needs an intensive control and management mechanism in order to manage and process information flow. Current deficiencies in managing construction related information have been highlighted by a range of industry reports, the consensus of which has reinforced the lack of performance in the construction industry. Given this, recent research on the role of Building Information Modelling (BIM) has been proffered as a potential solution for covering these deficiencies, along with improving competitive advantage. Although limited research has concentrated on measuring BIM awareness and use, findings have been somewhat parochial and non-specific. This paper addresses this gap by concentrating on two markets: Turkey and the UK. The aim of the paper is to determine the BIM gap in terms of awareness and use, in order to form a basis for the development of future adoption strategies. A web-based questionnaire was used mirror the National Building Specification (NBS) survey (previously undertaken) in order to capture data from a new context (Turkey). The descriptive analyses of the findings and a comparison of the two countries are presented. The findings identify significant differences in BIM awareness the influence of which could provide insight for both mature and emerging markets.

scholarly journals LA PROVA STATISTICA NEL PROCESSO PENALE

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vittorio B. Frosini
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Subjective Probabilities ◽  
Conditional Probabilities ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Bayes Formula ◽  
General Topic ◽  
Famous Trials

A general topic is faced in the first three sections, i.e. the role of objective and subjective probabilities in trials, the determination of conditional probabilities, and Bayes’ formula (or theorem); the last topic is a fundamental device which allows the computation of probabilities of possible causes, given related information about certain effects. Strictly connected to this argument is the «fallacy of the transposed conditional», which usually implies an unwarranted assumption of guilt. The fifth section is devoted to a discussion of some main features of two famous trials, those of Alfred Dreyfus in France and of Sally Clark in U.K., in which the above fallacy is clearly recognized. The final section presents kinds of trials which require a judgment about groups of people; the statistical methods applied in these cases pertain to the so-called tests of significance.

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