scholarly journals A prediction model for surface deformation caused by underground mining based on spatio-temporal associations

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-122
Author(s):  
Min Ren ◽  
Guanwen Cheng ◽  
Wancheng Zhu ◽  
Wen Nie ◽  
Kai Guan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Model ◽  
Surface Deformation ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Spatio Temporal

scholarly journals Research on the establishment of a mining subsidence prediction model under thick loose layer and its parameter inversion method

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-223
Author(s):  
Jingxian Li ◽  
Xuexiang Yu ◽  
Deshu Chen ◽  
Xinjian Fang
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Model ◽  
Surface Deformation ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Search Algorithm ◽  
Geometric Model ◽  
Cuckoo Search ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Integral Model ◽  
Inversion Method ◽  
Geological Condition

Most of the coal mining in China is underground, which will inevitably cause surface deformation and trigger a series of geological disasters. Therefore, it is essential to find a suitable method to forecast the ground sinking caused by underground mining. The most commonly used prediction model in China is the probability integral model (PIM). But when this model is used in the geological condition of mining under thick loose layers, the predicted edge of the sinking basin will converge faster than the actual measured sinking situation. A geometric model (GM) with a similar model shape as the PIM but with a larger boundary value was established in this paper to solve this problem. Then an improved cuckoo search algorithm (ICSA) was proposed in this paper to calculate the GM parameters. The stability and reliability of the ICSA were verified through a simulated working face. At last, the ICSA, in combination with the GM and the PIM, was used to fit 6 working faces with the geological mining condition of thick loose layers in the Huainan mining area. The results prove that GM can solve the above-mentioned PIM problem when it is used in geological mining conditions of thick loose layers. And it was obtained through comparative analysis that the GM and the PIM parameters can take the same value except for the main influence radius.

scholarly journals Experiments on generation of surface waves by an underwater moving bottom

2015 ◽  
Vol 471 (2178) ◽  
pp. 20150069 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothée Jamin ◽  
Leonardo Gordillo ◽  
Gerardo Ruiz-Chavarría ◽  
Michael Berhanu ◽  
Eric Falcon
Keyword(s):  
Free Surface ◽  
Surface Waves ◽  
Surface Deformation ◽  
Fluid Layer ◽  
Fluid Velocity ◽  
Pass Filter ◽  
Low Pass Filter ◽  
Low Pass ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Experimental Findings

We report laboratory experiments on surface waves generated in a uniform fluid layer whose bottom undergoes an upward motion. Simultaneous measurements of the free-surface deformation and the fluid velocity field are focused on the role of the bottom kinematics (i.e. its spatio-temporal features) in wave generation. We observe that the fluid layer transfers bottom motion to the free surface as a temporal high-pass filter coupled with a spatial low-pass filter. Both filter effects are often neglected in tsunami warning systems, particularly in real-time forecast. Our results display good agreement with a prevailing linear theory without any parameter fitting. Based on our experimental findings, we provide a simple theoretical approach for modelling the rapid kinematics limit that is applicable even for initially non-flat bottoms: this may be a key step for more realistic varying bathymetry in tsunami scenarios.

Analisys of mud inrush water sources into underground working of the Sokolovskoe ore deposit

2020 ◽  
pp. 56-67
Author(s):  
E. Yu. Efremov
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
High Water ◽  
The North ◽  
Initial Block ◽  
Groundwater Supply ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Inrush Water

There is a serious threat of groundwater inrush from overlying sedimentary layers for underground mining. When ore is extracted using block caving method, the area of overburden collapse over ore zone disrupts the natural structure of high hydraulic-conductivity and low hydraulic-conductivity layers. This process creates conditions for the accumulation and transfer of groundwater to mine workings, which lead to accidents, up to disastrous proportions. The research aim is to determine the spatio-temporal distribution of mud inrushes, and to identify groundwater supply sources of inrushes to reduce the geotechnical risks of underground mining in Sokolovskaya mine. Research methods include localization, classification, and analysis of monitoring data, comparison of mud inrushes distribution with geostatistical parameters of the main aquifers.The majority of large-scale accidents caused by mud inrushes are confined to the central and northern area of caved rock zone. The most risky stage of the ore body extraction is the initial block at the lower extraction level. The sources of water supply for the majority of the mud inrushes are high water level areas of the Cretaceous aquifer to the north and west of the mine. Rational targeted drainage aimed at draining the identified areas of the aquifer is the best way to reduce the risk of accidents.

Justification of safety measures at the construction of territories over old underground mining by the results of complex researches

2020 ◽  
pp. 246-254
Author(s):  
S. V. Usanov ◽  
A. V. Usanova
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Surface Deformation ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Geophysical Methods ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Quantitative Characteristics ◽  
Mine Workings ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Characteristics

The area of deformation of the earth’s surface from underground mine workings is generally called the undermined territory. However, the conditions for undermining the surface are very diverse, and therefore the surface deformation takes place with a wide range of features. This creates difficulties for determining the possibility of development, expertise in choosing safety measures, lack of unification of research methods and results, as well as a significant gap in the expectations of developers from the results of the study and design requests. Such gaps are due to the fact that it is impossible to build direct relationships between the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the displacement process, as well as to relate them to the structures of buildings. On the example of the study of the Shershnevskoye field by geophysical methods, structural changes of the surface layer to a depth of 12 m were evaluated. Identified areas of the alleged existence of old vertical and horizontal mine workings. The authors have proposed a solution to the relationship of the dependences of qualitative and quantitative characteristics by compiling ratings of the developed areas, which will provide a connection with the parametric characteristics of buildings and structures under construction. A number of necessary general and special safety measures are suggested for the operation of the developed areas from old mines.

Geometry of surface deformations caused by induced shocks in the area of underground copper exploitation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Owczarz ◽  
Anna Kopeć ◽  
Dariusz Głąbicki
Keyword(s):  
Surface Deformation ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Surface Displacement ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Radar Interferometry ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Copper Ore ◽  
Surface Displacements ◽  
Satellite Radar

<p>The level of intensity of induced seismic phenomena occurring in areas of mining activity is very diverse. Induced shocks may be directly related to the exploitation carried out or to mining and tectonic factors. In the case of impact on the surface, two types of mining tremors are distinguished: energetically weak shocks, not causing surface deformation, and shocks exceeding a certain energy level, which cause terrain deformations. Surface displacements are the most common form of the effects of underground mining operations, including induced seismicity. Geological research uses Sentinel-1 imagery to determine the geometry of surface displacements that were caused by induced shocks by satellite radar interferometry. In this research four induced shocks with magnitude M>4.0 was used, which occurred in the Legnica-Glogow Copper District in the Rudna mine. This area is one of the most seismically active places in Poland due to the underground exploitation of copper ore. For calculations, the differential satellite radar interferometry (DInSAR) method was used. The DInSAR technique allowed the determination of surface displacement towards the Line of Sight (LOS) between two images acquired at different times (before and after induced shock) with millimeter accuracy. In the presented research calculations were carried out separately for observations acquired in descending and ascending orbits. The Sentinel-1 satellites are a constellation of two radar satellites that observe the surface of lands and oceans at a time interval of 6 days. Therefore, 6 days, 12 days, 18 days and 24 days were assumed as the time intervals between the images. Vertical displacements were calculated based on the generated LOS displacement maps. In addition, charts of subsidence in the N-S and W-E directions were prepared, 3D models of subsidence were made, and deformation geometry was analyzed for individual shocks. As a result of the research, the spatial extent of deformation in the horizontal surface was determined: N-S and W-E, which in both directions was over 2 km. However, surface displacements caused by induced shocks reached values up to 10 cm.</p>

A Spatio-Temporal Prediction Model for Black Carbon Based on Automated Machine Learning

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yara Abu Awad ◽  
Mike Wolfson ◽  
Choong-Min Kang ◽  
Christine Choirat ◽  
Petros Koutrakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Prediction Model ◽  
Black Carbon ◽  
Temporal Prediction ◽  
Automated Machine Learning ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Carbon Based

scholarly journals LAND SUBSIDENCE MONITORING USING PS-InSAR TECHNIQUE FOR L-BAND SAR DATA

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B7 ◽  
pp. 995-997 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Thapa ◽  
R. S. Chatterjee ◽  
K. B. Singh ◽  
D. Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Land Subsidence ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Surface Deformation ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Sar Interferometry ◽  
Persistent Scatterer Interferometry ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Subsidence Monitoring

Differential SAR-Interferometry (D-InSAR) is one of the potential source to measure land surface motion induced due to underground coal mining. However, this technique has many limitation such as atmospheric in homogeneities, spatial de-correlation, and temporal decorrelation. Persistent Scatterer Interferometry synthetic aperture radar (PS-InSAR) belongs to a family of time series InSAR technique, which utilizes the properties of some of the stable natural and anthropogenic targets which remain coherent over long time period. In this study PS-InSAR technique has been used to monitor land subsidence over selected location of Jharia Coal field which has been correlated with the ground levelling measurement. This time series deformation observed using PS InSAR helped us to understand the nature of the ground surface deformation due to underground mining activity.

scholarly journals Determination of the Ultimate Underground Mining Depth considering the Effect of Granular Rock and the Range of Surface Caving

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Rongxing He ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Delin Song ◽  
Fengyu Ren
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Rock Mass ◽  
Mechanical Model ◽  
Surface Deformation ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Open Pit Mining ◽  
Mining Depth

Continuous mining of metal deposits leads the overlying strata to move, deform, and collapse, which is particularly obvious when open-pit mining and underground mining are adjacent. Once the mining depth of the adjacent open-pit lags severely behind the underground, the ultimate underground mining depth needs to be studied before the surface deformation extends to the open-pit mining area. The numerical simulation and the mechanical model are applied to research the ultimate underground mining depth of the southeast mining area in the Gongchangling Iron mine. In the numerical simulation, the effect of granular rock is considered and the granular rock in the collapse pit is simplified as the degraded rock mass. The ultimate underground mining depth can be obtained by the values of the indicators of surface movement and deformation. In the mechanical model, the modified mechanical model for the progressive hanging wall caving is established based on Hoke’s conclusion, which considers the lateral pressure of the granular rock. Using the limiting equilibrium analysis, the relationship of the ultimate underground mining depth and the range of surface caving can be derived. The results show that the ultimate underground mining depth obtained by the numerical simulation is greater than the theoretical calculation of the modified mechanical model. The reason for this difference may be related to the assumption of the granular rock in the numerical simulation, which increases the resistance of granular rock to the deformation of rock mass. Therefore, the ultimate underground mining depth obtained by the theoretical calculation is suggested. Meanwhile, the surface displacement monitoring is implemented to verify the reasonability of the ultimate underground mining depth. Monitoring results show that the indicators of surface deformation are below the critical value of dangerous movement when the underground is mined to the ultimate mining depth. The practice proves that the determination of the ultimate underground mining depth in this work can ensure the safety of the open-pit and underground synergetic mining.

scholarly journals InSAR monitoring surface deformation induced by underground mining using Sentinel-1 images

2020 ◽  
Vol 382 ◽  
pp. 237-240
Author(s):  
Ling Zhang ◽  
Daqing Ge ◽  
Xiaofang Guo ◽  
Bin Liu ◽  
Man Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Subsidence ◽  
Surface Deformation ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Deformation Gradient ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Temporal Decorrelation ◽  
Land Deformation ◽  
Small Baseline

Abstract. Land subsidence can be caused by underground mining activities. Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) has became an economic, effective and accurate technique for land deformation survey and monitoring. In mining areas, there may be several factors to overcome for the succsessful application of InSAR, such as temporal decorrelation and detectable deformation gradient, that limit the ability of InSAR to monitoring rapid land subsidence. In this paper, images obtained by the Sentinel-1 satellite with 6 or 12 d revisiting time are used to improve the ability to detect a deformation gradient, and reduce the influence of temporal decorrelation. By combining Small Baseline Subsets (SBAS) and Interferometric Point Target Analysis (IPTA) methods, using the Nanhu mining area in Tangshan as an example, the spatial continuous results of land subsidence in this mining area are obtained with a 70 cm per year maximum rate, which clearly characterizes the deformation field and its deformation process. The results show that InSAR is a useful way to monitor land subsidence in a mining area and provides further data for environment mine restoration.

scholarly journals A Hybrid Spatio-Temporal Prediction Model for Solar Photovoltaic Generation Using Numerical Weather Data and Satellite Images

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 3706
Author(s):  
Bowoo Kim ◽  
Dongjun Suh
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Model ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Spatial Characteristics ◽  
Temporal Prediction ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Pv Generation

Precise and accurate prediction of solar photovoltaic (PV) generation plays a major role in developing plans for the supply and demand of power grid systems. Most previous studies on the prediction of solar PV generation employed only weather data composed of numerical text data. The numerical text weather data can reflect temporal factors, however, they cannot consider the movement features related to the wind direction of the spatial characteristics, which include the amount of both clouds and particulate matter (PM) among other weather features. This study aims developing a hybrid spatio-temporal prediction model by combining general weather data and data extracted from satellite images having spatial characteristics. A model for hourly prediction of solar PV generation is proposed using data collected from a solar PV power plant in Incheon, South Korea. To evaluate the performance of the prediction model, we compared and performed ARIMAX analysis, which is a traditional statistical time-series analysis method, and SVR, ANN, and DNN, which are based on machine learning algorithms. The models that reflect the temporal and spatial characteristics exhibited better performance than those using only the general weather numerical data or the satellite image data.

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