Nonchemical Weed Control: New Directions

Novel forms of selective weed control are needed by many types of growers, but especially by organic growers who are restricted from using synthetic herbicides. Abrasive grit made from corn cobs was expelled from a sand blaster at 517 kPa pressure and aimed at plants of common lambsquarters and corn positioned 300 mm distant. Most small weed plants were killed by one split-second blast of grit, but corn plants suffered little damage by the same treatment. Air-propelled grit made from agricultural residues possibly could be used for selective nonchemical weed control without the need for soil tillage.

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Harrington Seed Destructor: A New Nonchemical Weed Control Tool for Global Grain Crops

Crop Science ◽

10.2135/cropsci2011.11.0608 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 52 (3) ◽

pp. 1343-1347 ◽

Cited By ~ 74

Author(s):

Michael J. Walsh ◽

Raymond B. Harrington ◽

Stephen B. Powles

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Grain Crops ◽

Nonchemical Weed Control ◽

Control Tool

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Mechanical and cultural weed control in corn and soybeans

American Journal of Alternative Agriculture ◽

10.1017/s0889189300003416 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 114-119 ◽

Cited By ~ 81

Author(s):

Jeffrey L. Gunsolus

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Maximum Yield ◽

Farm Size ◽

Yield Potential ◽

Row Spacing ◽

Corn Yield ◽

Management Skills ◽

Narrow Row ◽

Nonchemical Weed Control ◽

Mechanical Weed Control

AbstractMany farmers and consumers are reevaluating chemical weed control because of the environmental risks of herbicides and their influence on farm size and diversity. This paper reviews research of the last 35 years on mechanical and cultural weed control in corn(Zea maysL.)and soybeans(Glycine maxL.).Soybeans can better use the weed control advantages of late planting and narrow row spacing and are less affected by early stand losses from mechanical weed control. In Minnesota, delaying planting to early June allows early germinating weeds to be controlled by preplant tillage but reduces the maximum yield potential of corn by approximately 25 percent and soybeans by approximately 10 percent. Narrow rows allow the crop canopy to close earlier, preventing emerging weeds from developing. However, in a nonchemical weed control system, the row spacing should allow for inter-row cultivation to control weeds that emerge with the crop. Up to a 10 percent reduction in crop stand may be expected in fields that have been rotary hoed. In Minnesota, a 10 percent stand loss results in a 2 percent loss of corn yield potential and no loss of soybean yield potential. Successful mechanical weed control is directly related to the timeliness of the operation. Rotary hoeing is effective on weeds that have germinated but not yet emerged but not on weeds that germinate from deeper than 5 cm, on no-till fields, or on fields with more than 20 to 30 percent crop residue. Inter-row cultivation is most effective on weeds up to 10 to 15 cm tall. Successful nonchemical weed control requires highly refined management skills and is as much an art as a science.

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Nonchemical Weed Control in Cabbage

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.31.4.577c ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 577c-577

Author(s):

M.D. Orzolek ◽

J.H. Murphy ◽

L. Otjen

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Lolium Multiflorum ◽

Vegetable Crops ◽

Living Mulch ◽

Marketable Yield ◽

Straight Line ◽

Weed Infestation ◽

Competition For Light ◽

Rock Springs ◽

Nonchemical Weed Control

Early weed infestation in vegetable crops reduces both early and total marketable yield and quality. Even if escape weeds (12 inches tall or larger) are later killed by a postemergence herbicide application, their skeletons can cause yield loss due to competition for light, temperature modification within the plant canopy, and interference with fungicide and insecticide applications. In addition, weeds can also serve as a reservoir for insect and disease organisms, especially viruses. Experiments in nonchemical weed control in cabbage were conducted at the Horticulture Research Farm, Russell E. Larson Research Center, Rock Springs, Pa., from 1993 to 1995. In addition to weedy and hoed check plots, flaming weeds at 2- to 4-leaf stage of growth with propane gas burners and planting annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) between the rows of cabbage, living mulch, were evaluated during 3 years. The cabbage cultivar Rio Verde was transplanted generally between 15 June and July during each year. Both flaming and living mulch treatments produced yield and head quality similar to the hoed check. Management and timing of ryegrass planting in relation to cabbage establishment is very critical for success with living mulch. Flaming requires straight rows of cabbage or other crop, tractor with driver that can maintain a straight line, and burners that are aligned to burn weeds and not the crop. Results will be discussed.

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Nonchemical Weed Control in Winter Oilseed Rape Crop in the Organic Farming System

Organic Agriculture ◽

10.5772/intechopen.91044 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Aušra Marcinkevičienė ◽

Marina Keidan ◽

Rita Pupalienė ◽

Rimantas Velička ◽

Zita Kriaučiūnienė ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Oilseed Rape ◽

Weed Management ◽

Self Regulation ◽

Winter Oilseed Rape ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Humus Layer ◽

Organic Farming System ◽

Nonchemical Weed Control ◽

Mechanical Weed Control

A field experiment was conducted during the 2014–2017 period at Aleksandras Stulginskis University (now—Vytautas Magnus University Agriculture Academy) on a Endocalcaric Endogleyic Luvisol (LV-can.gln) according to the WRB 2014. The three nonchemical weed control methods were explored: (1) thermal (using wet water steam), (2) mechanical (interrow loosening), and (3) self-regulation (smothering). In the thermal and mechanical weed control treatments, winter oilseed rape was grown with an interrow spacing of 48.0 cm and in weed smothering (self-regulation) treatment with an interrow spacing of 12.0 cm. Winter oilseed rape was grown in the soil with a regular humus layer (23–25 cm) and with a thickened humus layer (45–50 cm). Annual weeds predominated in the winter oilseed rape crop. In the soil with both humus layers, regular and thickened, the most efficient weed control method was mechanical weed management both during the autumn (efficacy 26.7–75.1%) and spring (efficacy 37.1–76.7%) growing seasons. Thermal and mechanical weed control in combination with the bio-preparations in droughty years significantly reduced the number of weed seedlings. Dry matter mass of weeds most markedly decreased through the application of the mechanical weed management method.

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A Review of Weed Control Practices in Landscape Planting Beds: Part I–Nonchemical Weed Control Methods

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.50.6.851 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 50 (6) ◽

pp. 851-856 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

S. Christopher Marble ◽

Andrew K. Koeser ◽

Gitta Hasing

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Cultural Control ◽

Control Methods ◽

Effective Strategies ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Mechanical Disruption ◽

Client Expectations ◽

Physical Barriers ◽

Nonchemical Weed Control

Weed control continues to be one of the most expensive and time consuming aspects of landscape maintenance. Many homeowners are becoming more interested in nonchemical pest-management strategies due to increasing concern over the environmental impact of pesticide use. Nonchemical landscape weed control can be achieved using mechanical disruption (e.g., mowing, hand-pulling, hoeing, and tilling), physical barriers, or cultural control methods (e.g., mulching and plant selection). However, the best results are almost always achieved when employing a variety of methods (often involving chemical control methods). In adopting a weed control strategy, client expectations and weed tolerances must be addressed. While a virtually weed-free landscape is possible without the use of herbicides, this goal often requires a significant amount of time and money, and requires more planning to be successful. The goal of this manuscript is survey the literature pertaining to nonchemical weed control in landscape planting beds and determine: 1) the most effective strategies; 2) the advantages and disadvantages of common practices; and 3) highlight areas where research is needed or improvements could be made.

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Sociocultural memory development research drives new directions in gadgetry science

Behavioral and Brain Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0140525x19000979 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

Author(s):

Penny Van Bergen ◽

John Sutton

Keyword(s):

Episodic Memory ◽

Autobiographical Memory ◽

Developmental Psychology ◽

Cross Cultural ◽

Memory Development ◽

Development Research ◽

Cultural Research ◽

New Directions ◽

Cross Cultural Research

Abstract Sociocultural developmental psychology can drive new directions in gadgetry science. We use autobiographical memory, a compound capacity incorporating episodic memory, as a case study. Autobiographical memory emerges late in development, supported by interactions with parents. Intervention research highlights the causal influence of these interactions, whereas cross-cultural research demonstrates culturally determined diversity. Different patterns of inheritance are discussed.

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