scholarly journals THE LEUKOTOXIC ACTION OF STREPTOCOCCI

1957 ◽  
Vol 105 (5) ◽  
pp. 463-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armine T. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Human Neutrophils ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Cells ◽  
Streptococcal Disease ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Cellular Debris ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Group A ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Almost All

Following phagocytosis of certain streptococci human neutrophils undergo a rapid disintegration: the leukotoxic reaction. Monocytes and eosinophils are similarly injured, as are polymorphonuclear cells of rabbit and guinea pig blood. The leukotoxic injury is not produced by culture filtrates of leukotoxic cocci nor does it follow phagocytosis of heat-killed cocci. The leukotoxic effect does not appear to be due to action of any presently known streptococcal product. The distribution of leukotoxicity among streptococci is not random, for it was found in all strains tested of certain types of group A (6, 12), and was absent from almost all strains of other types (5, 14, 30). Still other types (3, 4) had both leukotoxic and non-leukotoxic representatives. The injury was also produced by some group C and G strains. Often the streptococci that cause leukocyte death remain alive and proliferate in the cellular debris, but sometimes they are injured by the phagocyte before the latter disintegrates and are unable to proliferate on the slides. The capacity of a strain of streptococcus to injure leukocytes does not necessarily confer virulence on it. This is thought to be because a chain of streptococci, having survived its sojourn in a leukocyte it has killed, is still susceptible to phagocytosis by a fresh leukocyte, and serial phagocytoses may continue until the chain has been exposed sufficiently to the unfavorable intracellular environment to be, itself, killed. Whether leukotoxicity plays a role in naturally occurring streptococcal disease is unknown. The high incidence of leukotoxicity in Type 12 strains suggested that it might be involved in acute hemorrhagic nephritis, but if so there must be other factors since leukotoxic strains are present in types and groups not now known to be associated with nephritis.

Blood Viscosity and Platelet Aggregation in Male and Female Patients with Transient Ischaemic Attacks (TIA)

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Palareti ◽  
M. Poggi ◽  
G. Fortunato ◽  
S. Coccheri
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Blood Viscosity ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Vascular Lesions ◽  
Transient Ischaemic Attacks ◽  
Group A ◽  
Circulating Platelet Aggregates ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Group B ◽  
Almost All

A series of 40 patients with TIA (25 males and 15 females) was thoroughly investigated by means of angiography and computerized tomography, and divided into a group (A) of 15 “sine materia”, and a group (B) of 25 with direct or indirect evidence of vascular occlusive or stenotic changes. Blood viscosity at 230 sec-1 37° was cp 4.2 ± 0.3 in the controls, cp 4.7 ± 0.7 in all patients (p < 0.05) cp 4.98 ± 0.7 in all male patients (p < 0.01 versus male controls), and cp 4.75 ± 0.8 in group B (p < 0.02). Haematocrit and Fibrinogen were also significantly increased in all male patients and in group B. Circulating platelet aggregates (CPA) were increased in 40% of the patients. Almost all patients with elevated CPA were males, with a slight prevalence in group B. Changes in blood viscosity parameters and in platelet aggregation in TIA patients were therefore related both to evidence of vascular lesions, and to sex, since they were found to prevail in male patients of both groups.

Comparative Study Between Clean Intermittent Self-Catheterization (Cisc) and Continuous Indwelling Catheterization (Cidc) in Relieving Acute Refractory Retention of Urine Due to Benign Enlargement of Prostate (Bep)

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-110
Author(s):  
Md Shawkat Alam ◽  
Sudip Das Gupta ◽  
Hadi Zia Uddin Ahmed ◽  
Md Saruar Alam ◽  
Sharif Muhammod Wasimuddin
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Acute Urinary Retention ◽  
Bladder Capacity ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Medical College ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Better Than

Objective: To compare the clean intermittent self-catheterization (CISC) with continuous indwelling catheterization (CIDC) in relieving acute urinary retention (AUR) due to benign enlargement of prostate (BEP). Materials and Methods :A total 60 patients attending in urology department of Dhaka Medical college hospital were included according to inclusion criteria ,Patients were randomized by lottery into two groups namely group –A and group –B for CISC and IDC drainage respectively . Thus total 60 patients 30 in each group completed study. Results : Most men can safely be managed as out-patients after AUR due to BPH. The degree of mucosal congestion and inflammation within the bladder was found to be lower in those using CISC and the bladder capacity in these patients was also found higher.Patients with an IDC had a high incidence of UTIs then that of patients with CISC. During the period of catheterization the incidence of UTI was 43.3% in group B in comparison to 40% in group A; before TURP 36% in group B in comparison to 10% incidence in group A.According to patient’s opinion CISC is better than IDC in the management of AUR. Experiencing bladder spasm, reporting blood in urine, management difficulties, incidence and severity of pain were less in CISC group, and the method of CISC was well accepted by patients as well as their family members. Conclusion: From the current study it may be suggested that CISC is better technique for management of AUR patient due to BPH than IDC. It can also be very helpful when surgery must be delayed or avoided due to any reasons in this group of patients. Bangladesh Journal of Urology, Vol. 21, No. 2, July 2018 p.105-110

scholarly journals Podophyllotoxin: History, Recent Advances and Future Prospects

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 603
Author(s):  
Zinnia Shah ◽  
Umar Farooq Gohar ◽  
Iffat Jamshed ◽  
Aamir Mushtaq ◽  
Hamid Mukhtar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structure Optimization ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Drug ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Pharmacologically Active ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Pharmacologically Active Compounds ◽  
Synthetic Derivatives ◽  
Related Compounds

Podophyllotoxin, along with its various derivatives and congeners are widely recognized as broad-spectrum pharmacologically active compounds. Etoposide, for instance, is the frontline chemotherapeutic drug used against various cancers due to its superior anticancer activity. It has recently been redeveloped for the purpose of treating cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients. Podophyllotoxin and its naturally occurring congeners have low bioavailability and almost all these initially discovered compounds cause systemic toxicity and development of drug resistance. Moreover, the production of synthetic derivatives that could suffice for the clinical limitations of these naturally occurring compounds is not economically feasible. These challenges demanded continuous devotions towards improving the druggability of these drugs and continue to seek structure-optimization strategies. The discovery of renewable sources including microbial origin for podophyllotoxin is another possible approach. This review focuses on the exigency of innovation and research required in the global R&D and pharmaceutical industry for podophyllotoxin and related compounds based on recent scientific findings and market predictions.

scholarly journals Invasive Group A Streptococcal Disease in The Netherlands: Evidence for a Protective Role of Anti–Exotoxin A Antibodies

2000 ◽  
Vol 181 (2) ◽  
pp. 631-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen M. Mascini ◽  
Margriet Jansze ◽  
Joop F. P. Schellekens ◽  
James M. Musser ◽  
Joop A. J. Faber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Exotoxin A ◽  
Invasive Group ◽  
Streptococcal Disease ◽  
Group A

High incidence of ultraviolet-B-or chemical-carcinogen-induced skin tumours in mice lacking the xeroderma pigmentosum group A gene

Nature ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 377 (6545) ◽  
pp. 165-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hironobu Nakane ◽  
Seiji Takeuchi ◽  
Shunsuke Yuba ◽  
Masafumi Saijo ◽  
Yoshimichi Nakatsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Xeroderma Pigmentosum ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Chemical Carcinogen ◽  
Skin Tumours ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Group A ◽  
Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group A

Analisis Sistem Kelistrikan pada Beban Motor Mesin Pencacah Sampah Plastik

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanolanda Suzantry Handayani ◽  
Junas Haidi ◽  
Agun Mardian
Keyword(s):  
Single Phase ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Motor Power ◽  
Electric Motors ◽  
Motor Speed ◽  
Speed Measurement ◽  
Waste Load ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Modern Era

In this modern era, the activities of almost all humans depend on machines they make, such as single-phase induction electric motors, which are used to chop plastic waste. This chopping machine aims to help plastic collectors process plastic waste into small pieces, making it easier to pack and ship plastic out of the area for reprocessing. The plastic waste shredding machine is made using a crushing system with a fan-shaped blade construction consisting of 39 blades divided by two rotating rows opposite the cover box using a chain motor gear transmission element. Most of the chopper machines on the market use engines with diesel or diesel fuel, therefore a chopper machine using an electric motor is designed to compare the motor power without the addition of capacitors and capacitors. The waste load used for motors without additional capacitors, medium and large bottles measuring 375 ml to 1500 ml, the machine can chop as much as 800 grams with the highest measurement of power 578.0 Watt, current 4.192 A, the lowest motor speed measurement is 1414 rpm and the reducer speed is 22.9 rpm . The waste load used for motors with additional capacitors, medium and large bottles measuring 375 ml to 1500 ml, the machine can chop 1000 grams with the highest measurement of power 732.7 Watt, current 4.149 A, the lowest motor speed measurement is 1464 rpm and the reducer speed is 22.9 rpm.

BACTERIAL MENINGITIS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 586-600
Author(s):  
David H. Smith ◽  
David L. Ingram ◽  
Arnold L. Smith ◽  
Floyd Gilles ◽  
M. J. Bresnan
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Newborn Infant ◽  
Antibacterial Therapy ◽  
Tuberculous Meningitis ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
The Past ◽  
Meningococcal Group ◽  
Group A ◽  
Almost All

Prior to the introduction of specific antibacterial therapy, bacterial meningitis was a disease with a universally fatal or disastrous outcome. The introduction of typespecific antiserum, and then of the antibacterial drugs, improved this situation dramatically. Improvements in the general medical care of acutely ill children, and the introduction of a series of more potent antibiotics against its bacterial causes helped to generate an attitude that bacterial meningitis was, or soon would be, a disease of the past. The experience of the past two decades belies this thesis. Today, interest in many facets of this disease has been renewed by many physicians concerned with the health of children: the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment. This symposium attempts to summarize for the practitioner the highlights of current knowledge in this area, and to outline certain areas in which recent advances can be anticipated, or will be studied. Tuberculous meningitis will be omitted for the sake of brevity, as will the special problems of meningitis in the newborn infant. There has been a resurgence of interest in developing vaccines to prevent Hemophilus influenzae b, pneumococcal, and meningococcal Group A, B, and C meningitis. These organisms cause almost all the bacterial meningitis after the first two months of life. If, as now seems possible, vaccines against most or all of these organisms will soon become available, those children having the greatest risk must be defined to determine who, and at what age should have priority in receiving the vaccine(s). A. THE CURRENT MAGNITUDE OF THE PROBLEM

DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT: GROUP A STREPTOCOCCAL INFECTIONS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 930-932
Author(s):  
Edward A. Mortimer ◽  
Bernard Boxerbaum
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Oral Therapy ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Streptococcal Infections ◽  
Benzathine Penicillin ◽  
Throat Culture ◽  
Streptococcal Disease ◽  
Group A ◽  
And Control

In spite of adequate means of therapy, streptococcal disease and its complications continue to present problems to the physician who cares for children. For accurate diagnosis and control of streptococcal disease inexpensive bacteriologic culture facilities are required and the physician must assure himself of the accuracy of the results. To prevent the sequelae of streptococcal occal pharyngitis, therapy sufficient to eradicate the offending organism is required. Optimum therapy of streptococcal infections is intramuscular benzathine penicillin; oral therapy with penicillin or erythromycin should be followed by a throat culture to ensure that the streptococcus has been erdicated.

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