scholarly journals FURTHER STUDIES ON THE REVERSIBILITY OF SERUM SICKNESS CHOLESTEROL-INDUCED ATHEROSCLEROSIS

1970 ◽  
Vol 132 (5) ◽  
pp. 858-867 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Van Winkle ◽  
L. Levy
Keyword(s):  
Induction Period ◽  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Rest Period ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lipid Deposition ◽  
Elastic Tissue ◽  
Cholesterol Diet ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
All Treatment

Rabbits were induced to form atheromatous cardiovascular lesions by subjecting them to treatments of a single BSA injection plus a 2-wk period of cholesterol diet, or to the diet alone. Microscopic examination of the hearts at the end of the 2-wk induction period, or after having been returned to regular diet for 5 or 8 wk, showed that lesion incidence in the cholesterol-only animall decreased markedly during the 8-wk rest period, while little change in incidence occurred in animals with lesions from the combined treatment. This finding was taken to mean that the latter type of lesion was less reversible, and therefore perhaps more pathologically significant, than the former type. It was felt that lipid deposition was not solely responsible for this prolongation, since it was present in diet-only lesions which disappeared with time, and also seemed to be disappearing from the prolonged lesions in all treatment groups. On the other hand, elastic tissue was demonstrated only in lesions arising from the combined treatment, and it is hypothesized that this feature is implicated in the prolongation of these lesions.

scholarly journals The importance of aminoguanidine and methylprednisolone administration in lung contusion after chest trauma

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 504-510
Author(s):  
Fatih ÇALIŞKAN ◽  
Hızır Ufuk AKDEMİR ◽  
Celal KATI ◽  
Latif DURAN ◽  
Tolga GÜVENÇ
Keyword(s):  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pulmonary Contusion ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
All Treatment

This study aims to evaluate the effect of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of aminoguanidine and metylprednisolone (MP) on lung tissue in a pulmonary contusion model of rats and evaluate whether their combined use improves treatment efficacy. This study included 35 female Sprague Dawley rats weighing 250-300 grams. The rats were divided into five groups as following: Sham; Pulmonary Contusion (PC); PC+MP, PC group treated with i.p methylprednisolone; PC+AG, PC group treated with i.p Aminoguanidine; and PC+AG+MP, PC group treated with Aminoguanidine and methylprednisolone. Each group had seven animals. Blood and lung tissues were studied biochemically and histopathologically. When compared groups according to serum levels of biomarkers, serum YKL-40, nitrate-nitrite, catalase, and TBARS levels were significant different. Serum YKL-40 levels were decreased after treatments in three groups. The serum YKL-40 levels in PC+AG group were lower than the other treatment groups, especially compared to PC + MP (p=0.028). Serum nitrate-nitrite levels were decreased in all treatment groups (PC+MP, PC+AG and PC+MP+AG). The lowest levels were measured in PC+MP+AG; but there was no statistically significant difference compared to PC group (p>0.05). Serum catalase levels were increased in all treatment groups. The higher levels were measured in PC+MP+AG than the other single treatment groups; however, PC+MP+AG and PC+MP were statistically significant different compared to PC group (p=0.001 and p=0.002 respectively). Serum TBARS levels were decreased in all treatment groups compared to Sham group (p<0.001) and PC group (p<0.001). The lowest levels were measured in PC+MP+AG compared to PC group (p<0.001). Histopathologic and immunohistochemical staining scores were decreased at all the treatment groups, especially PC+MP+AG. We suggest the use of combined treatment of methylprednisolone and aminoguanidine for the treatment of pulmonary contusion.

Electric shock conditioning of sheep to avoid feed supplement troughs in field investigations of diet supplementation.

1989 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJD Martin ◽  
DA Pritchard ◽  
RGA Stephenson
Keyword(s):  
Electric Shock ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Supplement ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Field Investigations ◽  
Electric Fence ◽  
The Individual ◽  
All Treatment ◽  
Rejection Rates

We examined the possibility of conditioning grazing sheep not to eat freely available supplements. The technique used a standard electric fence energizer connected to a trough filled with molasses. A flock of 60 wethers and another flock of 120 ewe and wether hoggets were each divided into three treatment groups. All treatment groups were initially allowed access to the molasses trough with the energizer switched off. After two days, the control group was removed while the energizer was switched on for the other two groups; the voltage was measured at 6,500 volts. Sheep in one group were removed from the yard after one day's exposure while the other sheep were left with the energizer on for a further two days. One and four weeks later all sheep were exposed to the molasses trough without the energizer turned on. The wethers and hoggets were then placed in 120 and 250 ha paddocks. Numbers of sheep visiting the troughs were checked 6, 18, 22 and 26 weeks after introduction. Total success was achieved in creating avoiders and acceptors in their respective groups in the yard. None of the control group rejected supplements throughout the experiment in the paddocks. However, for the other wether groups between 70% and 73% respectively rejected the supplement. For the hogget groups the rejection rates were 74% and 70%. The behaviour and conditioning of the animals to avoid the troughs particularly stressful to the individual sheep. While the technique supplemented and non-supplemented sheep within one paddock.

Dexamethasone and Salbutamol in the Treatment of Acute Wheezing in Infants

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asher Tal ◽  
Chanan Bavilski ◽  
David Yohai ◽  
Jacob E. Bearman ◽  
Rafael Gorodischer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Clinical Score ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dexamethasone Treatment ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
The Difference

Thirty-two infants, aged 1 to 12 months, hospitalized with acute wheezing, were studied. They were randomly divided into four treatment groups of eight patients each. The treatments were intramuscular dexamethasone or placebo (double-blind), and salbutamol (oral and inhaled), or none (open), in all four possible combinations. The study was carried out as a randomized block design with eight blocks of four infants each, matched by age and clinical score. Average daily improvements, as reflected by changes in the clinical score and length of hospital stay, was essentially the same for infants treated with placebo, salbutamol alone, and dexamethasone alone. However, combined salbutamol-dexamethasone treatment resulted in more than twice the rate of improvement of the other treatments. The difference was statistically highly significant (P &lt; .01). Furthermore, the response of this combined treatment was observed within 24 hours; none of the ten infants in whom there was no significant improvement within 48 hours and neither of the two patients who developed respiratory failure received the combined salbutamol-dexamethasone treatment. A potentiating effect of corticosteroids on the β-adrenergic responsiveness is a possible explanation for the advantage of this combined treatment in the management of acute wheezing in infancy.

Effect of combined IFNb-1a and glatiramer acetate therapy on GA-specific T-cell responses in multiple sclerosis

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 485-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Dhib-Jalbut ◽  
M Chen ◽  
K Henschel ◽  
D Ford ◽  
K Costello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Glatiramer Acetate ◽  
Combined Therapy ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
T Cell Responses ◽  
Th2 Cells ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
All Treatment

The combined treatment with interferon (IFN) and glatiramer acetate (GA) is of current interest in multiple sclerosis (MS). The therapeutic effect of GA in MS is believed to be mediated by GA-specific Th2 cells. IFN has a significant anti-proliferative effect on GA-induced lymphoproliferation in vitro. Therefore, we examined the possibility that IFN may interfere with the generation and phenotype of GA T-cell responses in MS patients receiving combined therapy. Sixty-six GA-specific T-cell lines (TCL) were generated ex vivo from five MS patients enrolled in an open-label clinical trial of combined IFN/GA treatment. Controls included 83 pretreatment and 131 on-treatment GA-TCL from 11 MS patients treated with GA only, and five GA-TCL generated from four patients receiving IFN -1a monotherapy. IFNg and IL-5 (markers of Th1 and Th2 responses, respectively) were assayed by ELISA in GA-TCL supernatants. Th1/Th2 bias was defined by the IFNg/IL-5 level ratio (> 2=Th1 bias, <0.5=Th2 bias, and 0.5- 2=Th0 bias). The frequency with which GA-reactive TCL were generated was 37.0% for the patients in the combination trial compared to 33.3% in the patients receiving GA alone. The mean stimulation index of the GA-TCL was 8.41 (range 2-42) for the combination compared to a mean of 6.29 (range 2-37) for the GA-treated group - a nonsignificant difference. Mean GA-TCL IFNg production was significantly lower in all treatment groups compared to pretreatment. IL-5 levels were enhanced in all treatment groups compared to pretreatment levels, but the change was not statistically significant. The Th1/Th0/Th2 distribution of GA-TCL was 7%/30%/63% for the GA+IFN group, 8%/9%/83% for the GA group, compared to 48%/21%/31% pre-GA treatment. All five GA-TCL from the IFN -1a monotherapy patients were Th2-biased. We conclude that IFN -1a does not affect the generation of GA-reactive T cells in vivo. Although more Th0 GA-TCL occurred with combination therapy than with GA treatment alone, both groups shared an overall Th2 bias. Therefore, we speculate that combined therapy is unlikely to reduce the efficacy of GA treatment in MS.

The Effects of Therapist Presence and Relaxation Training on the Efficacy and Generalizability of in vivo Exposure

1990 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter G. AuBuchon ◽  
Karen S. Calhoun
Keyword(s):  
Relaxation Training ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Waiting List ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Exposure Sessions ◽  
Therapist Presence ◽  
All Treatment

The present study examined the effects of therapist presence and the addition of relaxation training on the efficacy and generalizability of in vivo exposure procedures in the treatment of multiply-phobic individuals. Thirty-two individuals who were severely phobic of at least two objects/situations were assigned to one of three treatment groups or a waiting list control group, but received treatment for only one phobia. The Exposure Alone group received prolonged exposure to a phobic stimulus while alone in a room with that stimulus. The Exposure + Relaxation group were also exposed to a phobic stimulus but had received additional training in a relaxation technique. Subjects in the Exposure + Therapist group were accompanied by a nonanxious/nonavoiding “therapist” during exposure sessions. All treatment groups improved significantly, but the Exposure + Therapist group demonstrated significantly greater extinction of fear responses related to the treated phobias than the other groups. The Exposure + Relaxation group demonstrated the greatest generalization of treatment effects to untreated phobias. Clinical and theoretical implications are discussed.

scholarly journals Comparison of Antidiabetic Medications during the Treatment of Atherosclerosis in T2DM Patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojie Liu ◽  
Tao Mei ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Shandong Ye
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Oral Drugs ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
All Treatment ◽  
Hba1c Levels

Type 2 diabetes is often associated with arterial atherosclerosis in large blood vessels. We set out to elucidate whether commonly used antidiabetic drugs metformin, sitagliptin, and pioglitazone will reduce atherosclerosis in T2DM patients. We enrolled 176 individuals with type 2 diabetes, which were divided into four treatment groups according to different oral drugs: metformin alone, sitagliptin alone, pioglitazone alone, or combination of metformin and sitagliptin. We assessed changes in glycometabolism, lipid metabolism, cytokine released, and carotid artery intima-media thickness as the readout for improvement in atherosclerosis. HbA1c levels were significantly decreased in all treatment groups (p<0.05), and FBG levels were also decreased in metformin and combined groups (p<0.05). In addition, we found IL-6 levels significantly decreased in all treatment groups (p<0.05). Treatment with pioglitazone showed a significant increase in BMI, HDL, and ADPN levels (p<0.05). We also observed a significant decrease in NHDL levels in the combined treatment group (p<0.05). Our data revealed that in addition to hypoglycemic properties of metformin, sitagliptin, and pioglitazone, these drugs also have the potential to promote an anti-inflammatory response. Therefore, combination therapy may be more beneficial for reducing atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes. The clinical trial is registered with ChiCTR-ORC-17010835.

Ultrastructure and Staining of Developing Elastic Tissue

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 244-245
Author(s):  
E. N. Albert
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Phosphotungstic Acid ◽  
Staining Method ◽  
Rat Aorta ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Elastic Fibers ◽  
Elastic Tissue ◽  
Lead Citrate ◽  
New Born

Silver tetraphenylporphine sulfonate (Ag-TPPS) was synthesized in this laboratory and used as an electron dense stain for elastic tissue (Fig 1). The procedures for the synthesis of tetraphenylporphine sulfonate and the staining method for mature elastic tissue have been described previously.The fine structure of developing elastic tissue was observed in fetal and new born rat aorta using tetraphenylporphine sulfonate, phosphotungstic acid, uranyl acetate and lead citrate. The newly forming elastica consisted of two morphologically distinct components. These were a central amorphous and a peripheral fibrous. The ratio of the central amorphous and the peripheral fibrillar portion changed in favor of the former with increasing age.It was also observed that the staining properties of the two components were entirely different. The peripheral fibrous component stained with uranyl acetate and/or lead citrate while the central amorphous portion demonstrated no affinity for these stains. On the other hand, the central amorphous portion of developing elastic fibers stained vigorously with silver tetraphenylporphine sulfonate, while the fibrillar part did not (compare figs 2, 3, 4). Based upon the above observations it is proposed that developing elastica consists of two components that are morphologically and chemically different.

scholarly journals Dental pulp stem cells overexpressing hepatocyte growth factor facilitate the repair of DSS-induced ulcerative colitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Li ◽  
Yichi Zhang ◽  
Narayan Nepal ◽  
Guoqing Li ◽  
Ningning Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Dental Pulp ◽  
The Other ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Colon Injury ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Hepatocyte Growth

Abstract Background Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic and recurrent disease without satisfactory treatment strategies. Dental pulp stem cell (DPSC) transplantation has been proposed as a potential therapy for UC. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of the rat hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) gene transduced into DPSCs for UC. Methods The therapeutic effects of HGF-DPSCs transplanted intravenously into a rat model of UC induced by 5% dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) were compared with the other treatment groups (LV-HGF group, DPSCs group and GFP-DPSCs group). Immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry were used to observe the localization and proliferation of HGF-DPSCs at the site of colon injury. The expression levels of inflammatory factors were detected by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-PCR) and western blotting. The oxidative stress markers were detected by ELISA. DAI scores and body weight changes were used to macroscopically evaluate the treatment of rats in each group. Results Immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry assays showed that HGF-DPSCs homed to colon injury sites and colocalized with intestinal stem cell (ISC) markers (Bmi1, Musashi1 and Sox9) and significantly promoted protein expression (Bmi1, Musashi1, Sox9 and PCNA). Anti-inflammatory cytokine (TGF-β and IL-10) expression was the highest in the HGF-DPSCs group compared with the other treatment groups, while the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and INF-γ) was the lowest. Additionally, the oxidative stress response results showed that malondialdehyde (MDA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) expression decreased while superoxide dismutase (SOD) expression increased, especially in the HGF-DPSCs group. The DAI scores showed a downward trend with time in the five treatment groups, whereas body weight increased, and the changes were most prominent in the HGF-DPSCs group. Conclusions The study indicated that HGF-DPSCs can alleviate injuries to the intestinal mucosa by transdifferentiating into ISC-like cells, promoting ISC-like cell proliferation, suppressing inflammatory responses and reducing oxidative stress damage, which provides new ideas for the clinical treatment of UC.

scholarly journals Functional Monitoring after Trabeculectomy or XEN Microstent Implantation Using Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography and Visual Field Indices—A Retrospective Comparative Cohort Study

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 273
Author(s):  
Marc Schargus ◽  
Catharina Busch ◽  
Matus Rehak ◽  
Jie Meng ◽  
Manuela Schmidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Visual Field ◽  
Spectral Domain ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Rnfl Thickness ◽  
Comparative Cohort Study ◽  
The Mean ◽  
All Treatment

The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of trabeculectomy (TE), single XEN microstent implantation (solo XEN) or combined XEN implantation and cataract surgery (combined XEN) in primary open-angle glaucoma cases, naïve to prior surgical treatment, using a monocentric retrospective comparative cohort study. Intraocular pressure (IOP) and the number of IOP-lowering drugs (Meds) were monitored during the first 24 months after surgery. Further disease progression was monitored using peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness examinations using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) as well as visual acuity (VA) and visual field (VF) tests. In the TE group (52 eyes), the mean IOP decreased from 24.9 ± 5.9 to 13.9 ± 4.2 mmHg (p < 0.001) and Meds decreased from 3.2 ± 1.2 to 0.5 ± 1.1 (p < 0.001). In the solo XEN (38 eyes) and the combined XEN groups, the mean IOP decreased from 24.1 ± 4.7 to 15.7 ± 3.0 mmHg (p < 0.001) and 25.4 ± 5.6 to 14.7 ± 3.2 mmHg (p < 0.001), while Meds decreased from 3.3 ± 0.8 to 0.8 ± 1.2 (p < 0.001) and 2.7 ± 1.2 to 0.4 ± 1.0 (p < 0.001), respectively. The VF and VA indices showed no sign of further deterioration, the RNFL thickness further decreased in all treatment groups after surgery. TE and XEN led to comparable reductions in IOP and Meds. Although the VA and VF indices remained unaltered, the RNFL thickness continuously decreased in all treatment groups during the 24-month follow-up.

Reproductive performance of group-synchronized Merino d'Arles and Romanov crossbred ewes. 1. A note on the effects of lactation on fecundity

1977 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. Galindez ◽  
M. Prud'hon ◽  
G. Reboul
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fertility Level ◽  
Homogeneous Groups ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Significant Superiority

SUMMARYFifty-six Merino d'Aries and 56 Romanov × Merino crossbred lactating ewes were divided into two treatment groups, one (T1) with a ewe-to-ram ratio of 48: 1 (24 Merino and 24 crossbred) and the other (T2) of 64: 1 (32 Merino and 32 crossbred).Intravaginal sponges with 40 mg FGA (Searle) were inserted in two subgroups at 8-day intervals and withdrawn after 12 and 16 days in situ, in four equal groups at 4-day intervals. A dose of 400 IU pregnant mare's serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) was applied at sponge withdrawal.Fertility after two oestrous cycles was equally satisfactory in both treatments, though it was lower in treatment group T2. This could be due to the significantly low (P<0·01) number of Merino ewes raddled by the T2 ram (0·33 Merino against 0·92 crossbred) suggesting preferential behaviour by the ram in this treatment.Comparisons between breeds show a slight superiority in the fertility of crossbred ewes and a highly significant superiority in prolificacy These results suggest that using the described method, 2% of rams seems more than adequate to mate with progestagen-synchronized ewes with a satisfactory fertility level. It is, however, recommended to use homogeneous groups of ewes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document