Dexamethasone and Salbutamol in the Treatment of Acute Wheezing in Infants

Thirty-two infants, aged 1 to 12 months, hospitalized with acute wheezing, were studied. They were randomly divided into four treatment groups of eight patients each. The treatments were intramuscular dexamethasone or placebo (double-blind), and salbutamol (oral and inhaled), or none (open), in all four possible combinations. The study was carried out as a randomized block design with eight blocks of four infants each, matched by age and clinical score. Average daily improvements, as reflected by changes in the clinical score and length of hospital stay, was essentially the same for infants treated with placebo, salbutamol alone, and dexamethasone alone. However, combined salbutamol-dexamethasone treatment resulted in more than twice the rate of improvement of the other treatments. The difference was statistically highly significant (P < .01). Furthermore, the response of this combined treatment was observed within 24 hours; none of the ten infants in whom there was no significant improvement within 48 hours and neither of the two patients who developed respiratory failure received the combined salbutamol-dexamethasone treatment. A potentiating effect of corticosteroids on the β-adrenergic responsiveness is a possible explanation for the advantage of this combined treatment in the management of acute wheezing in infancy.

Download Full-text

Quantification of Avoidable Yield Losses in Oilseed Brassica Caused by Insect Pests

Journal of Plant Protection Research ◽

10.2478/v10045-011-0007-y ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 51 (1) ◽

pp. 38-43 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Jagdev Kular ◽

Sarwan Kumar

Keyword(s):

Seed Yield ◽

Yield Loss ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Block Design ◽

Maximum Yield ◽

The Other ◽

Yield Losses ◽

Eruca Sativa ◽

Mustard Aphid ◽

Randomized Block Design

Quantification of Avoidable Yield Losses in OilseedBrassicaCaused by Insect PestsA six year field study was conducted from 2001-2002 to 2006-2007 at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India to study the losses in seed yield of differentBrassicaspecies (B. juncea, B. napus, B. carinata, B. rapaandEruca sativa) by the infestation of insect pests. The experiment was conducted in two different sets viz. protected/sprayed and unprotected, in a randomized block design, with three replications. Data on the infestation of insect pests, and seed yield were recorded at weekly intervals and at harvest, respectively. The loss in seed yield, due to mustard aphid and cabbage caterpillar, varied from 6.5 to 26.4 per cent.E. sativasuffered the least loss in seed yield and harboured the minimum population of mustard aphid (2.1 aphids/plant) and cabbage caterpillar (2.4 larvae/plant). On the other hand,B. carinatawas highly susceptible to the cabbage caterpillar (26.2 larvae/plant) and suffered the maximum yield loss (26.4%).

Download Full-text

Effectiveness and Prognosis: Drainage Skin-Bridge Sparing Surgery Combined with Fistulotomy versus Fistulotomy Only in the Treatment of Anal Fistula

Journal of Healthcare Engineering ◽

10.1155/2021/6940072 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Xiao Wang ◽

Chunliang Wang ◽

Ruihua Qi

Keyword(s):

Anal Fistula ◽

Postoperative Bleeding ◽

Length Of Hospital Stay ◽

Control Group ◽

Anal Function ◽

Double Blind ◽

Voiding Function ◽

Vas Scores ◽

The Difference ◽

Better Than

Objective. This study intends to analyze the difference in the efficacy of drainage skin-bridge sparing surgery combined fistulotomy (DSCF) and fistulotomy alone. Methods. 125 patients with anal fistula were enrolled as study subjects and randomly divided into control group (CG) and observation group (OG) by double-blind lottery. The CG received drainage skin-bridge sparing surgery with fistulotomy and the OG received fistulotomy only. Results. The VAS scores of the trauma in the OG were lower than those in the CG on 1st day of surgery and 7 days after surgery ( P < 0.05 ). The length of hospital stay and time to wound healing were shorter in the OG than in the CG ( P < 0.05 ). The incidence of postoperative bleeding in the OG was 9.52%, which was lower than 22.58% in the CG ( P < 0.05 ). The rectal examination scores were lower in the OG than in the CG at 3 and 5 days postoperatively ( P < 0.05 ). The Wexner scores of solid incontinence (0 to 4), liquid incontinence (0 to 4), gas incontinence (0 to 4), pad wearing (0 to 4), and lifestyle alteration (0 to 4) in the OG were lower than those of the CG at 5 days postoperatively ( P < 0.05 ). Voiding function scores were lower in the OG than in the CG at 2 and 3 days postoperatively ( P < 0.05 ). Conclusions. The efficacy of drainage skin-bridge sparing surgery combined fistulotomy is better than that of fistulotomy alone, which can accelerate postoperative healing, enhance urinary function, reduce postoperative bleeding, and improve anal function.

Download Full-text

Populasi Hama dan Musuh Alami pada Tiga Cara Budidaya Padi Sawah di Sukamandi

Agrikultura ◽

10.24198/agrikultura.v29i1.16924 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 35

Author(s):

N. Usyati ◽

Nia Kurniawati ◽

Ade Ruskandar ◽

Oco Rumasa

Keyword(s):

Natural Enemy ◽

Block Design ◽

Rice Variety ◽

Rice Cultivation ◽

Limiting Factors ◽

Pest Damage ◽

Organic Rice ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Rice Yields ◽

The Difference

ABSTRACTPest and natural enemy population in three different rice cultivation in Sukamandi RegionSome on limiting factors in rice production include the cultivation system and pest damage. To suppress the damage, several control techniques have been applied, such as technical culture. The aim of this study was to gain information on population and pest damage, as well as natural enemy population in three different rice cultivation systems. The study was arranged in Randomized Block Design with three treatment and 9 replications. The treatments were: 1) organic rice cultivation, 2) semi organic, and 3) farmer technique. The used rice variety was Inpari 30. The plot size was 6 m x 90 m. The variables observed included population and pest damage, natural enemy population, and rice yields. Thirthy two rice hills were observed randomly in diagonal direction, with 2 weeks interval from two weeks after transplanting until harvest. The data were analyzed by analysis of variance (Anova) and the difference among the treatments was evaluated with Duncan multiple area test at 5% level. The results showed that brown plant hoppers population on organic rice cultivation is lower than semi-organic rice cultivation and farmer technique, but there were no difference of natural enemy population among treatments. The lowest yield was obtained from the organic rice cultivation (2.67 t/ha).Keywords: Rice cultivation, Pests, Natural enemiesABSTRAKBeberapa faktor pembatas produksi padi diantaranya adalah cara budidaya dan adanya serangan hama. Untuk menekan serangan hama, beberapa teknik pengendalian telah diterapkan diantaranya adalah pengendalian secara kultur teknis (cara budidaya). Pada MT-2 tahun 2016, penelitian dengan tujuan mendapatkan informasi mengenai populasi dan serangan hama, serta populasi musuh alami pada tiga cara budidaya padi telah dilakukan di lahan kebun percobaan Balai Besar Penelitian Tanaman Padi Sukamandi. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan tiga cara budidaya dan diulang sebanyak sembilan kali. Adapun cara budidaya yang digunakan terdiri atas:1) budidaya padi organik; 2) semi organik; 3) cara petani. Varietas yang digunakan adalah Inpari 30. Ukuran plot 6 m x 90 m. Variabel yang diamati meliputi populasi dan tingkat serangan hama, populasi musuh alami, dan hasil panen. Pengamatan dilakukan secara langsung di pertanaman pada 32 rumpun sampel secara acak diagonal dengan interval dua minggu sekali mulai umur tanaman dua minggu setelah tanam sampai menjelang panen. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan analisis ragam (Anova) dan perbedaan antar perlakuan dievaluasi dengan uji wilayah berganda Duncan pada taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa populasi hama wereng coklat pada cara budidaya padi organik lebih rendah dibandingkan cara budidaya padi semi organik dan budidaya padi cara petani, tetapi tidak ada perbedaan populasi musuh alami pada cara budidaya padi organik, cara budidaya padi semi organik dan budidaya padi cara petani. Hasil panen terendah (2,67 t/ha) terlihat pada perlakuan budidaya padi organik.Kata Kunci: Budidaya padi, Hama, Musuh alami

Download Full-text

Uji Ketahanan Klon Kentang Hasil Pesilangan Atlantic x Repita terhadap Penyakit Hawar Daun Phytophthora infestans

Agrikultura ◽

10.24198/agrikultura.v29i2.20806 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 100

Author(s):

Helmi Kurniawan ◽

Ineu Sulastrini ◽

Tarkus Suganda

Keyword(s):

Late Blight ◽

Phytophthora Infestans ◽

Field Test ◽

Block Design ◽

Environmentally Friendly ◽

Statistical Test ◽

The Other ◽

Resistant Variety ◽

Resistance Level ◽

Randomized Block Design

ABSTRACTResistance Test of Potato Clones Derived from Crossing of Atlantic x Repita to Late Blight (Phytophthora infestans)Late blight, incited by Phytophthora infestans is the most destructive disease of potato. The management that is effective and environmentally-friendly is the use of resistant variety. The objective of this study was to test the resistance of the six potato clones (AR 04, AR 05, AR 06, AR 07, AR 08 and AR 09) derived from crossing var. Atlantic x var. Repita to late blight caused by P. infestans. Var. Atlantic, Repita and Granola were used as susceptible, resistant and susceptible but the most-grown variety, respectively. Field test was located in Ciwidey, one of the potato growing center where late blight is endemic since potatoes are continuously grown. The treatments were arranged in a randomized block design with 3 replicates. The result showed that clones AR 07 and AR 08 were more resistant than the other potato clones, but it still below the resistance level var. Repita. However, based on statistical test on the diseases development (AUDPC), clone AR 08 could be categorized as resistant, equal with of the resistance level of var. Repita.Keywords: Potato clones, Rsistance, P. infestansABSTRAKPenyakit hawar daun yang disebabkan Phytopthora infestans merupakan penyakit utama pada tanaman kentang. Pengendalian yang efektif dan ramah lingkungan adalah dengan penanaman varietas tahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji ketahanan 6 klon kentang (AR 4, AR5, AR6, AR7, AR 8, dan AR9) yang merupakan hasil persilangan antara var. Atlantic (produksi tinggi tetapi rentan) dengan var. Repita, sebagai tetua tahan terhadap penyakit hawar daun yang disebabkan oleh P. infestans. Varietas Atlantic, Repita dan Granola digunakan sebagai pembanding. Pengujian ketahanan dilakukan di Ciwidey, yang merupakan salah satu sentra produksi kentang di Jawa Barat dan endemik penyakit hawar daun. Perlakuan ditata menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan 3 ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa klon AR 07 dan Klon AR 08 memiliki ketahanan yang lebih baik dibanding klon-klon kentang lainnya, namun tingkat ketahanannya masih di bawah cv Repita. Namun, berdasarkan uji statistik terhadap nilai perkembangan penyakit (AUDPC) klon AR 08 dapat dikategorikan tahan, sama dengan derajat tahan var. Repita.Kata Kunci: Klon kentang, Ketahanan, P. infestans

Download Full-text

The Effect of Different Feeding Times of Microencapsulated Sodium Butyrate in Whole Milk and Starter Feed on Growth and Health of Holstein Dairy Calves

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1117757/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mohammad Mahdi Eskandary ◽

Mehdi Hossein Yazdi ◽

Ehsan Mahjoubi ◽

Mehdi Kazemi-Bonchenari

Keyword(s):

Sodium Butyrate ◽

Transition Period ◽

Block Design ◽

Dairy Calves ◽

Feeding Time ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Whole Milk ◽

Holstein Calves ◽

Fecal Score

Abstract This study aimed to determine the optimal feeding time of microencapsulated sodium butyrate (SB) in whole milk (WM) and starter feed on growth performance and health in dairy calves. Forty-eight Holstein calves (age = 4 d; body weight [BW] = 39.45 ± 2.48 kg) were randomly allocated to 1 of 4 treatment groups (12 calves per treatment) in a completely randomized block design and fed (1) WM without microencapsulated SB (SB0) supplementation; (2) 4 g/d SB added to WM since d 4 to 32 (SB4); (3) 4 g/d SB added to WM since d 61 to 74 and equal amount was added to starter since d 75 to 88 (SB60); and (4) 4 g/d SB added to WM (since d 4 to 74) and the starter (since d 74 to 88) throughout the experiment (SBT). Calves fed SB4 and SBT had lower fecal score during pre-weaning, transition period, and overall period (P = 0.043, P = 0.05, and P = 0.015; respectively). In addition, calves in SB4 and SBT groups decreased the number of days with scours during pre-weaning period, and throughout study (P = 0.035 and P = 0.025; respectively). SB60 calves had greater serum total protein (P < 0.001) during post-weaning period. Post-weaning and overall albumin concentrations were greater in SB4 and SBT calves (P = 0.011), and tended to increase in pre-weaning period compared to control calves (P = 0.06). Based on these results, addition of SB in WM is recommendable for the first month of milk-fed calves life.

Download Full-text

The Tolerance of Several Hybrid Corn (Zea mays L.) Varieties Type on Cob Rot in the Plateau of Simalungun Regency

International Journal of Scientific Research and Management ◽

10.18535/ijsrm/v8i03.ah02 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (03) ◽

pp. 289-295

Author(s):

Warlinson Girsang ◽

Rosmaria Girsang

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Zea Mays L ◽

Block Design ◽

Hybrid Corn ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Tolerant Variety ◽

Different Types ◽

The Difference ◽

Rot Disease ◽

Number Of Seeds

The research was carried out in Dolog Masagal Subdistrict, Simalungun Regency, altitude ± 1.100 m above sea level. The research was conducted from January to May 2019. The purpose of this study was to determine the tolerance level of several hybrid corn varieties to cob rot disease. Methods for conducting the research used randomized block design (RBD) with 1 factor. Types of hybrid corn varieties tested were: Pioneer 29 (V1), NK 99 (V2), Pioneer 12 (V3), NK 22 (V4), Pioneer 4 (V5), Nusantara I (V6), Asia 1 (V7).The parameters observed were: plant height, cob diameter, cob length containing seeds, number of seed rows per cob, number of seeds per row, number of seeds per cob, husk cover in cob, cob rot intensity, the amount of dry production per plot, and the weight of 1.000 seeds. Based on the research results, different types of hybrid corn varieties produce different tolerances of cob rot resistance in the Simalungun highlands. The most tolerant variety of cob rot disease is Pioneer 29 (mild damage scale = 0 - 10%). Different types of varieties planted also affect various components of growth and production, among others: plant height, number of seeds per row, number of seed rows per cob, husk cover on cob, dry production per plot, and weight of 100 grains. As for the parameters of cob diameter, cob length containing seeds and the number of seed rows per cob, the difference in varieties did not significantly affect.

Download Full-text

Efektivitas Kompos Limbah Jagung Menggunakan Dekomposer Bakteri dan Cendawan pada Tanaman Jagung

JURNAL PANGAN ◽

10.33964/jp.v27i2.378 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 129-140

Author(s):

Faesal Pate

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Block Design ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

The Other ◽

Organic Matter Sources ◽

Green House ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

K Fertilizer

Utilization of maize waste as the organic matter sources in agricultural land couldn’t be directly applied, caused by late decomposition prosess. An effort to accelerate of maize waste decomposting needed bioactivator. The research was conducted in green house and Bajeng Research Intallation from March to August 2015. The research was arranged in randomized block design using isolate bacteria and fungus just one or theier combining ie: three bacteria (B7.1,E7.7and E7.11), three fungus (M7, O5, P7), and four bacteria-fungus combining(B7.1+O5, B7.1+M7, E7.7+P7, B7.1+E7.7+O5), EM4 and N,P,K fertilizer(200,45,60) ha-1as the check treatment. Just one isolate fertilized by 75 percent N,P,K while combine isolate fertilized by 50 percent N,P,K recommended. The results indicated that just one decomposer E7.7 produced high enouugh grain yield not siqnificantly different by N,P,K (200,45,60) and five other just one treatment (E7.11,B7.1,M7 and O5), however siqnificantly different with combining decomposer (B7.1+O5, E7.11+M7, E7.7+P7, B7.1+E7.7+O5 and EM4). This mean that using stalk plus leaf waste maize compost could be subtitution in organic fertilizer untill 25 percent. Meanwhile combining decomposer was good enough for composting stalk and leaf of maize waste ie. isolate B7.1+O5 and E7.7+P7 although not significntly different with the other combine isolate including EM4. Thise case related by applied 50 percent N,P,K inorganic recommended fertilizer did not sufficient to supporting maize nutrient.Key Words: Decomposer, Bacteria, Fungus, Composting,Maize waste

Download Full-text

Supplementation Of Concentrate With Different Levels Of Protein On Nutrient Intake, Digestibility And Growth Of Red Chittagong Heifers

Bangladesh Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.3329/bjas.v37i1.9861 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

pp. 10-16

Author(s):

S Barua ◽

MJ Khan ◽

AKFH Bhuiyan ◽

MN Islam ◽

SS Islam

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Control Diet ◽

Live Weight ◽

Concentrate Supplementation ◽

Protein Levels ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Concentrate Mixture ◽

The Difference ◽

Dietary Treatments ◽

Different Levels

The study was undertaken to investigate the effects of concentrate supplementation with different protein levels on intake, digestibility and growth performance of Red Chittagong (RC) heifers fed urea molasses straw (UMS) based diet. Twelve RC heifers having average live weight of 124.83±43.15 kg and aged between 8 to 14 months were selected for 90 days feeding trial. Animals were divided into four groups having three animals in each and were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments in a Randomized Block Design (RBD). The experimental diets were formulated using urea molasses straw (UMS), German grass (Echinochloa grousgalli) with or without concentrate mix (having different levels of protein). All the animals received UMS ad libitum and German grass at the rate of 20% of total DM intake. In addition to UMS and German grass of control diet T0, animals on diets T1, T2 and T3 were supplied with concentrate mixture at the rate of 10% of DM intake containing 15, 20 and 25% CP, respectively. Average daily DM intake was 2.65, 3.06, 2.62 and 2.86 kg/100 kg LW for diets T0, T1, T2 and T3, respectively and the difference was non significant (P>0.05). The digestibility of DM, CP, EE, NFE and digestible nutrients (DCP, DEE and DNFE) for diets T1, T2 and T3 was significantly higher than those for diet T0. The daily average liveweight gain of RC heifers fed diets T0, T1, T2 and T3 were 100, 275, 333 and 291 g respectively (P<0.01). Concentrate mixture having 20% crude protein may be supplemented at the rate of 10% of DM intake per day for optimum growth of Red Chittagong heifers. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v37i1.9861 BJAS 2008; 37(1): 10-16

Download Full-text

Fractions of carbohydrates and of nitrogenous compounds of tropical grasses at different cutting ages

Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia ◽

10.1590/s1516-35982010000700021 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 39 (7) ◽

pp. 1538-1547

Author(s):

Patrícia Regina de Souza Siqueira Campos ◽

José Fernando Coelho da Silva ◽

Hernán Maldonado Vásquez ◽

Andréa Vittori ◽

Martinho de Almeida e Silva

Keyword(s):

Small Intestine ◽

Block Design ◽

The Other ◽

Total Carbohydrate ◽

Nitrogenous Compounds ◽

Potential Source ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Ruminal Degradation ◽

Echinochloa Polystachya ◽

Carbohydrate Levels

It was evaluated by the Cornell System carbohidrates fractions and nitrogenous compounds of the following grasses at the cutting ages of 14, 28, 42, and 56 days: nilo grass (Acroceras macrum), angola grass (Brachiaria purpurascens), aleman grass (Echinochloa polystachya), limpo grass (Hemarthria altíssima), setaria grass (Setaria anceps), tanner grass (Brachiaria arrecta), and tifton-85 grass (Cynodon spp). The experiment was carried out in a complete randomized block design, in a split plot arrangement in a way that the grasses were evaluated in the plots and the ages of cut in the split-plots. The age of cutting had an effect on the composition of the studied grasses. In most of the grasses, total carbohydrate levels, non-fibrous carbohydrates and A+B1 fraction carbohydrates increased linearly according to the age of cutting. The potentially degradable fraction of carbohydrates (fraction B2) showed a quadratic behavior according to the cutting ages for all grasses. The C fraction of the carbohydrates in tifton-85 grass linearly increased with the age but it did not increase significantly for the other grasses. In setaria grass, the intermediate levels of B2 and B3 nitrogenous fractions were high, which might represent a potential source of protein for ruminal degradation and for the small intestine. Except for setaria grass, all studied grasses show similar values of the A, B1, B2 and B3 nitrogenous fractions.

Download Full-text

Effect of starter sources and old fermentation on making nata de whey towards chemical quality

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202014204001 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 142 ◽

pp. 04001

Author(s):

Asmaul Khusna ◽

Anis Prastujati ◽

Shinta Setiadevi ◽

Mustofa Hilmi

Keyword(s):

Reducing Sugars ◽

Block Design ◽

Reducing Sugar ◽

Cellulose Content ◽

Chemical Quality ◽

Fruit Extract ◽

Fermentation Time ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Pineapple Fruit ◽

The Difference

Whey cheese is a by-product of traditional or modern cheese-making processes. The yield of each cheesemaking reaches around 83% of the volume of milk used.whey can be processed into nata de whey by adding Acetobacterxylinum. The purpose of this study were to determine the effect of fermentation duration and differences in starter sources on the chemical quality produced by nata de whey. All samples were analyzed for fat, protein, cellulose and reducing sugars. this use study of two factorial randomized block design. The first factor is the difference in the starter (commercial and pineapple fruit extract) and the second factor is the length of fermentation with three replications. The results showed that the effect of fermentation time and the difference in starter sources on nata de whey had a very significant impact (P <0.01) on the calculation of fat content in the nata the whey. The duration of fermentation and differences in the source of the stater on nata de whey had no significant effect (P> 0.05) on the content of protein, reducing sugar and cellulose content produced.

Download Full-text