scholarly journals VIRUS-INDUCED DIABETES MELLITUS

1973 ◽  
Vol 137 (5) ◽  
pp. 1226-1239 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Wark Boucher ◽  
Abner Louis Notkins
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Encephalomyocarditis Virus ◽  
Immunoreactive Insulin ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Abnormal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Access To Food ◽  
Rapid Drop

Infection of DBA/2N male mice with encephalomyocarditis virus resulted in a diabeteslike syndrome characterized by hyperglycemia, glycosuria, hypoinsulinemia, polydipsia, and polyphagia. Blood glucose levels were elevated within 4 days after infection and reached a maximum mean level of 320 mg/100 ml within 12 days. Approximately 60–80% of the animals developed a transient hyperglycemia while 10–15% of the animals remained hyperglycemic for well over 6 mo. The remaining animals failed to become hyperglycemic but many had abnormal glucose tolerance curves. Hyperglycemia was most pronounced when animals were allowed free access to food, and the incidence of byperglycemia was related both to the strain and sex of the animals, with few females developing hyperglycemia. The amount of immunoreactive insulin in the plasma of infected hyperglycemic mice was significantly lower than in appropriate controls, and injection of exogenous insulin resulted in a rapid drop in the blood glucose levels. Despite the fact that certain animals were hyperglycemic for many months, virus could not be recovered from the pancreas after the first 10 days of the infection.

Efek Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Petai (Parkia speciosa Hassk) Terhadap Penurunan Kadar Glukosa Darah Mencit Jantan

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Verawaty Verawaty ◽  
Dhea Claudia Novel
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
The Third ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

<p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh pemberian ekstrak etanol kulit petai (Parkia speciosa Hassk) terhadap penurunan kadar glukosa darah mencit jantan yang diinduksi aloksan. Hewan percobaan dibagi atas 5 kelompok diantaranya kelompok kontrol negatif, kelompok kontrol positif,dosis I (280 mg/kgBB mencit), dosis II (560 mg/kg BB mencit), dosis III (840 mg/kg BB mencit). Penelitian dilakukan selama 21 hari. Persentase penurunan kadar glukosa darah mencit jantan setelah diberikan ekstrak etanol kulit petai pada hari ke-21 adalah dosis I (77,52 %) lebih besar dibandingkan dengan dosis II (69,5 %) dan dosis III (73,37 %). Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan uji Two Way Anova dengan program SPSS 17. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak etanol kulit petai untuk tiga variasi dosis menyatakan perbedaan yang bermakna secara statistik terhadap penurunan kadar glukosa darah mencit jantan.</p><p><em>Petai (Parkia speciosa Hassk) has a compound β-sitosterol and stigmasterol that have efficacy to decreased blood glucose levels. This study aimed to determine the effect of ethanol extract of petai peel for decrease blood glucose levels of male mice induced by alloxan. Experimental animals were divided into 5 groups including negative control group, positive control group, the first dose (280 mg/kg in mice), the second dose (560 mg/kg in mice), the third dose (840 mg/kg in mice). The study was conducted for 21 days. After 21 days, the result found that the percentage of blood glucose levels after the male mice given the ethanol extract of petai peel was, the first dose (77.52%) biger than the second dose (69.5%) and the third dose (73.37%). The data obtained were analyzed by Two Way ANOVA using SPSS 17. The results showed that have signicantly difference between three dose variation of ethanol extract of petai peel in blood glucose levels.</em></p>

PSXV-16 Blood glucose dynamics after feeding in the Orlov trotter horses in the conditions of the training center in preparation for trotter-racing

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 356-357
Author(s):  
Olga Sharaskina
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Training Center ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Intensive Training ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Glucose Dynamics

Abstract It is necessary to consider the factors affecting the dynamics and blood glucose (BG) level to maintain a horse’s high performance and health during intensive training. The study aimed to research the influence of the feeding regime on the change in BG level in the Orlov trotter horses during the period of intensive training (summer) in the conditions of the stud farm’s training center in the Kaluga region (Russia). Horses aged 2 to 4 years, stallions (n = 7), and mares (n = 5) received commercial mixed feed three times a day and grass hay in free access. Four times a week after lunch, horses are released into the paddock with cut grass. Blood was collected from the jugular vein. Blood was collected before morning feeding and then every hour until four h after morning and afternoon feeding. The dynamics of BG changes depending on the presence or absence of the grass paddock after feeding were evaluated. If horses remained in the stall after feeding, the BG level gradually increased, reaching a maximum (4.95 ± 0.21 mmol/L) 3 hours after feeding and was significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05) than when they were immediately moved to the paddock with grass. The maximum BG concentration in horses in the paddock was observed 1 hour after feeding (4.55 ± 0.21 mmol/L); it didn’t have significant differences with the BG level after 1 hour in “stall horses” (4.5 ± 0.14 mmol/L). Then the BG level of the “paddock horses” gradually decreased, and in the “stall horses” increased. No significant difference in BG levels was observed 4 hours after feeding. When horses can walk in a paddock after feeding concentrates and eat grass, blood glucose levels do not rise and tend to decrease.

scholarly journals Antidiabetic activities of 96% ethanol extract of Abelmoschus esculentus on Balb-C mice strain

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnis Pondineka Ria Aditama
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Abelmoschus Esculentus ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Reduce Blood Glucose

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a progressive metabolic disease that continues to increase every year. Treatment therapy using oral hypoglycemic drugs to treat DM has side effects, and alternative approaches must be taken. Abelmoschus esculentus has been known to be used as an alternative to DM because it has antioxidant activity due to its high flavonoid content. The purpose of this study was to determine the antidiabetic activity of 96% ethanol extract of Okra leaves against male mice of balb-c strain. Male mice were acclimatized for seven days and divided into five test groups and then fasted for 18 hours. Then the mice were induced with 150 mg / 20 g BW alloxan and measured on the 3rd day. Ethanol extract 96% okra leaves were then given in a dose of 5.6 mg / 20g BW; 11.2 mg / 20g BW; 22.4 mg / 20g BW, CMC Na 0.5% as negative control and glibenclamide 0.026 mg / 20g BBs as positive control for 14 days. The results of therapy with 96% ethanol extract of okra leaves can reduce blood glucose levels in mice so that the okra leaves contain flavonoid compounds that have antioxidant activity and can reduce blood glucose levels.

scholarly journals Progressive development of insulin resistance phenotype in male mice with complete aromatase (CYP19) deficiency

2003 ◽  
Vol 176 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Takeda ◽  
K Toda ◽  
T Saibara ◽  
M Nakagawa ◽  
K Saika ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Serum Triglyceride ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Body Weights

Aromatase (CYP19) is a cytochrome P450 enzyme that catalyzes the formation of aromatic C18 estrogens from C19 androgens. It is expressed in various tissues and contributes to sex-specific differences in cellular metabolism. We have generated aromatase-knockout (ArKO) mice in order to study the role of estrogen in the regulation of glucose metabolism. The mean body weights of male ArKO (-/-) mice (n=7) and wild-type littermates (+/+) (n=7) at 10 and 12 weeks of age were 26.7+/-1.9 g vs 26.1+/-0.8 g and 28.8+/-1.4 g vs 26.9+/-1.0 g respectively. The body weights of the ArKO and wild-type mice diverged between 10 and 12 weeks of age with the ArKO males weighing significantly more than their wild-type littermates (P<0.05). The ArKO males showed significantly higher blood glucose levels during an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test compared with wild-type littermates beginning at 18 weeks of age. By 24 weeks of age, they had higher fasting blood glucose levels compared with wild-type littermates (133.8+/-22.8 mg/dl vs 87.8+/-20.3 mg/dl respectively; P<0.01). An intraperitoneal injection of insulin (0.75 mU insulin/g) caused a continuous decline in blood glucose levels in wild-type mice whereas ArKO males at 18 weeks and older exhibited a rebound increase in glucose levels 30 min after insulin injection. Thus, ArKO male mice appear to develop glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in an age-dependent manner. There was no difference in fasting serum triglyceride and total cholesterol levels between ArKO male mice and wild-type littermates at 13 and 25 weeks of age. However, serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels were significantly elevated following a meal in ArKO mice at 36 weeks of age. Serum testosterone levels in ArKO male mice were continuously higher compared with wild-type littermates. Treatment of ArKO males with 17beta-estradiol improved the glucose response as measured by intraperitoneal glucose and insulin tolerance tests. Treatment with fibrates and thiazolidinediones also led to an improvement in insulin resistance and reduced androgen levels. As complete aromatase deficiency in man is associated with insulin resistance, obesity and hyperlipidemia, the ArKO mouse may be a useful animal model for examining the role of estrogens in the control of glucose and lipid homeostasis.

scholarly journals β-Cell Induction In Vivo in Severely Diabetic Male Mice by Changing the Circulating Levels and Pattern of the Ratios of Estradiol to Androgens

Endocrinology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 155 (10) ◽  
pp. 3829-3842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akari Inada ◽  
Oogi Inada ◽  
Nobuharu L. Fujii ◽  
Kei Fujishima ◽  
Tetsuichiro Inai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Β Cells ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Severe Diabetes ◽  
Cell Induction ◽  
Circulating Levels

Abstract Previously we have generated transgenic (Tg) mice developing severe diabetes early in life with a profound depletion of β-cells with β-cell-directed expression of inducible cAMP early repressor-Iγ. Only male mice continue to demonstrate hyperglycemia throughout life. To investigate this sexual dimorphism, we treated severely diabetic male Tg mice with orchiectomy (ORX) or 17β-estradiol (E2) pellet implantation alone or in combination with ORX and E2-implantation to change the circulating levels and patterns of the ratio of estradiol to androgens. In the Tg-ORX group, the blood-glucose levels decreased to a certain level within several weeks but never reached the female Tg-control level. In contrast, the Tg-ORX+E2 or Tg-E2 group showed a more rapid drop in blood glucose to the basal level with a substantial increase in β-cells, thus preventing the occurrence of severe diabetes in the male mice. The β-cells, not only within islet but also in and adjacent to ducts and scattered β-cell clusters, were strongly induced by 1 week after treatment, and the islet morphology dramatically changed. Enhanced β-cell induction in the ducts occurred concomitantly with markedly increased levels of pancreatic duodenal homeobox-1 and related transcription factors. The glucose-lowering and β-cell-increasing effects were independent of the age at which the treatment is started. These data provide evidence that the circulating level of E2 and the ratio of E2 to T greatly affect the blood glucose levels, the β-cell induction, and the islet morphology in diabetic male Tg mice. This novel mechanism offers great potential for developing strategies to increase the number of β-cells in vivo.

scholarly journals Antidiabetic Activity Test of Sambiloto Capsules (Andrographis paniculata) with Glibenclamide on White Male Mice DDY Strain

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
Monik Krisnawati
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
White Male ◽  
Andrographis Paniculata ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Paired T Test

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia and metabolic abnormality of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins caused by decreased insulin sensitivity. Glibenclamid as a synthesis drug or traditional medicine such as Sambiloto Capsule could use for diabetes mellitus. Hereditary, people have been using decoction of Sambiloto’s leaves to prevent cold, influenza, fevers, jaundice. The bitterness of Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) was also believed to cure diabetes. The purpose of this research was to compare between Sambiloto capsule with Glibenclamid on white male mices DDY strain. The research method was an experimental study using pre and post test control group design, using 15 white male mices DDY strain which were given a glucose load and divided into 3 groups. Negatif control group (CMC Na), positive control group (Glibenclamid), and test group (Sambiloto Capsules). The results blood glucose level of this research was analyzed using Paired T-test and with the 95 % convidence level. The comparison test of antidiabetes activity between Sambiloto Capsule and Glibenklamid on white male mice DDY strain showed that the Sambiloto Capsule had antidiabetic activity viewed from the average decline in blood glucose levels. The degradation of blood glucose levels in Glibenklamid group was faster than Sambiloto Capsule group indicated by the statistical analysis using Paired T-test with the significance level smaller than 0,05 and showed by T-value was great than T-tabel. Conclusion of the research showed that the activity Sambiloto Capsules anti diabetic.

Preventive action of phentolamine on adrenaline induced blood glucose elevation in humans

1988 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Porta ◽  
H. M. H. Hofmann ◽  
U. Ertl ◽  
I. Rinner ◽  
P. Puerstner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Immunoreactive Insulin ◽  
Preventive Action ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Alpha Receptors ◽  
Adrenaline Infusion ◽  
Plasma Immunoreactive Insulin ◽  
Blood Glucose Elevation

Abstract. A comparison of the action of adrenaline infusion and a combined adrenaline + alpha blocker (phentolamine, Regitine®) infusion on blood glucose (BG), plasma immunoreactive insulin (IRI), BG/IRI ratio, C-peptide, and plasma cortisol levels was made in healthy young human subjects. The purpose of the experiment was to check, whether alpha block could abolish adrenaline-induced enhancement of blood glucose levels. The results show that during enhanced adrenaline levels, the use of regitine could indeed normalize blood glucose levels, not so much by increasing the IRI secretion, but by diminishing adrenalineinduced liver glycogenolysis via alpha receptors. This could be a model to prevent stress (adrenaline) induced metabolic deviations in diabetics, especially before and during predictable stress situations, e.g. examinations or surgery.

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