scholarly journals The organization of the mouse Igh-V locus. Dispersion, interspersion, and the evolution of VH gene family clusters.

1988 ◽  
Vol 168 (6) ◽  
pp. 2261-2278 ◽  
Author(s):  
P H Brodeur ◽  
G E Osman ◽  
J J Mackle ◽  
T M Lalor
Keyword(s):  
Gene Family ◽  
Leukemia Virus ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Functional Expression ◽  
Gene Deletions ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Vh Gene ◽  
Abelson Murine Leukemia Virus ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

We have constructed a panel of Abelson murine leukemia virus-transformed pre-B cells to study the organization of the mouse VH gene families. Based on the analyses of VH gene deletions on 51 chromosomes with VH gene rearrangements, we have inferred a map order of the Igh locus that holds for both the Igha and Ighb haplotypes. We show that members of each VH gene family are generally clustered, although three family clusters (VHS107, VH36-60, VGAM3.8) are dispersed in two or three subregions of the locus. Members of two VH gene families, VHQ52 and VH7183, are extensively interspersed and map within the same subregion. An examination of the distribution of VH group members (VH II, I, and III) within the locus suggests that two major duplications may, in part, explain the dispersed pattern of VH family clusters. The relationship of VH organization and functional expression is discussed in terms of position-dependent and complexity-driven models.

Distinctive IgVH Gene Segments Usage and Mutation Status in Chinese Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia.

Blood ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 110 (11) ◽  
pp. 4708-4708
Author(s):  
Lijuan Chen ◽  
Yaping Zhang ◽  
Wenjuuan Zheng ◽  
Jianyong Li ◽  
Changgeng Ruan
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Gene Family ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Chinese Patients ◽  
Chain Gene ◽  
Mutation Status ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Variable Heavy ◽  
Vh Gene

Abstract Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is characterized by the relentless accumulation of monoclonal B cells with the appearance of small mature lymphocytes and a characteristic CD5 and CD19 co-expression immunophenotype. The incidence of CLL in Asian countries is lower than that in the Western ones, where CLL is the most common leukemia. To evaluate the frequency and mutation status of immunoglobulin (Ig) variable heavy chain gene (IgVH) expression in Chinese patients with CLL. We investigated IgVH gene segments usage and mutation status by multiplex RT-PCR in 52 CLL patients, and analyzed the relationship between IgVH somatic mutation status and the expression of CD38, ZAP-70 and CLLU1. 38 patients had mutated IgVH, and 14 had unmutated IgVH. The most frequently expressed VH gene family was found to be VH3 (46.2%) followed by VH4 (40.4%), VH1 (5.8%), VH2 (5.8%) and VH7 (1.9%), with no expression of VH5 and VH6 gene families. VH1-69 and VH3-21 which commonly overused in Western CLL weren’t detected in our cohort. The frequency of IgVH gene families indicates significant difference in Chinese CLL patients compared with Western patients, suggesting involvement of ethnic and/or environmental factors in CLL disease initiation. IgVH gene mutation status was significantly associated with the expression of CD38 and CLLU1. The expression of them may be simple and reliable surrogates for the identification of IgVH mutations. VH gene family usage and mutation status VH family n Mutated VH gene Unmutated VH gene VH1 3 3 0 VH2 3 2 1 VH3 24 19 5 VH4 21 16 5 VH5 0 0 0 VH6 0 0 0 VH7 1 0 1

Group Performance Related to Size and Initial Ability of Group Members

1971 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 551-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morton Goldman
Keyword(s):  
Group Size ◽  
Group Performance ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Ability Levels ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Paper And Pencil ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Different Levels

This study examined the relationship of group performance as a function of group size, where members within each group are of similar initial ability levels, but members in different groups are of different levels. 5 wk. later on the basis of a paper-and-pencil test, Ss were formed into groups composed of all high Ss, all medium Ss, and all low Ss, with size varying from 2 to 5 persons. Ss working as a group retook the same test. Results showed that groups with different initial levels have their own unique patterns of improvement as the size of the group increases.

scholarly journals Hubungan Modal Sosial dengan Partisipasi Kelompok Tani dalam Koperasi Pondok Pesantren (Kopontren)

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 347
Author(s):  
Irfan Fadhlurrahman ◽  
Saharuddin Saharuddin
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Individual Characteristic ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Age Relation ◽  
Farmer Groups ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTCooperatives as one of the sectors of economic power that is considered the most suitable developed in Indonesia, because formed by members and aims for the welfare of its members. Pesantren as a grassroots Islamic educational institution also develops Koperasi Pondok Pesantren (Kopontren) by fostering farmer groups. The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship of individual characteristics (age, education level, length of work, and income level), social capital, and participation of farmer group members in Kopontren Alif agribusiness activities. The result of the research shows that there is no significant correlation between individual characteristic with social capital and participation, except the age relation with participation, but the relation is negative. While social capital with participation has a significant and strong relationship. This is due to the high social capital with the participation of farmer group members in the activities of Kopontren Alif agribusiness.Keywords: farmer groups, individual characteristic, kopontren, social capital, participation. ABSTRAKKoperasi sebagai salah satu sektor kekuatan ekonomi yang dianggap paling cocok dikembangkan di Indonesia, karena dibentuk oleh anggota dan bertujuan untuk kesejahteraan anggotanya. Pesantren sebagai lembaga pendidikan Islam yang bersifat akar rumput turut mengembangkan koperasi pondok pesantren (Kopontren) dengan membina kelompok tani. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis hubungan karakteristik individu (usia, tingkat pendidikan, lama bekerja, dan tingkat pendapatan), modal sosial, dan partisipasi anggota kelompok tani binaan dalam kegiatan agribisnis Kopontren Alif. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan signifikan antara karakteristik individu dengan modal sosial dan partisipasi, kecuali hubungan usia dengan partisipasi, namun hubungannya negatif. Sedangkan modal sosial dengan partisipasi memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dan kuat. Hal ini dikarenakan tingginya modal sosial dengan partisipasi anggota kelompok tani dalam kegiatan agribisnis Kopontren Alif.Kata kunci: karakteristik individu, kelompok tani, kopontren, modal sosial, partisipasi.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN FENOMENA GROUPTHINK DENGAN GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN KETUA RT DI DESA CIKARAWANG

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-37
Author(s):  
Distra Asniar Asniar ◽  
Sarwititi Sarwoprasodjo
Keyword(s):  
Leadership Styles ◽  
Leadership Style ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Spearman Rank Correlation ◽  
Causal Factors ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Spearman Rank Correlation Test

Neighborhood activities are a process that can be used to see the level of group members' participation, often member participation is influenced by several things, such as groupthink phenomenon and group leader leadership style. The purpose of this study was to: (1) identify groupthink causal factors in groups, (2), identify leadership styles found in neighborhood, and (3) analyze the relationship of leadership style with groupthink phenomena in groups. This study uses a quantitative approach supported by qualitative data with 30 neighborhood as respondents. The subjects of this study were neighborhood groups located in Cikarawang Village, Dramaga District, Bogor Regency. Analysis of research data using the Spearman rank correlation test. The results show that there was no relationship between the leadership style of the chair and groupthink phenomena in the neighborhood activities. This condition influences the neighborhood leader dominant leadership style is laissez faire, so it has no relation to the decline in criticism of neighborhood members in groupthink phenomena.

scholarly journals Differential expression of VH gene families in peripheral B cell repertoires of newborn or adult immunoglobulin H chain congenic mice.

1992 ◽  
Vol 175 (6) ◽  
pp. 1449-1456 ◽  
Author(s):  
A C Viale ◽  
A Coutinho ◽  
A A Freitas
Keyword(s):  
Gene Family ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Expression Pattern ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Cell Repertoire ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Igh Locus ◽  
B Cell Repertoire ◽  
Vh Gene ◽  
Old Mice

The pattern of VH gene family expression in the primary B cell repertoire of the mouse is strain dependent. In C57Bl/6 mice, the VH J558 family is expressed by more than 45% of the cells, while the expression of VH 7183, VH Q52, and VH 36-60 families together does not exceed 20%. In BALB/c mice, relative expression of VH J558 is lower than 35%, while the sum of the other three families reaches 25%. To assess which genetic loci control strain-specific VH gene family expression, we studied VH gene family usage in splenic B cell repertoires of different congenic strains of mice. Changes in major histocompatibility complex or immunoglobulin (Ig) K light chain genes did not modify VH gene family expression in adult mice. Differences at the IgH locus, however, modified VH gene family usage. In 1-d-old mice, the strain-specific VH gene family expression pattern is determined by the IgH haplotype. In adult mice, the VH gene family expression pattern of resting B cells is independent of the IgH locus and follows the genetic background of the congenic strain, while it is determined by the IgH haplotype among Ig-secreting spleen cells. In F1(B6 x BALB/c) mice, each of the two spleen B cell populations, sorted on the basis of mu heavy chain allotype expression, shows an independent VH gene family expression pattern, determined by the IgH locus. The implications of these results in the control of VH gene family expression, and in the selection of peripheral B cell repertoires are discussed.

Measuring the Strength of Social Bonds: Experiments With Hand-Reared Goslings (Anser Indicus)

Behaviour ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 91 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 115-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Lamprecht
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Feeding Rate ◽  
Social Bonds ◽  
Group Members ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Anser Indicus ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Stranger ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Familiar Person

AbstractAllogrooming, dueting and other behaviours observed only between pair or group members are often said to reinforce or strengthen social bonds, yet the strength of these bonds was not measured independently. 'Bond strength' should reflect the stability of an attachment relationship and thus the probability of a permanent separation from the partner. The latter is a function of opportunity or external force as well as of an internal 'divorce tendency'. Only the divorcc tendency is inversely related to that motivational variable which can be called 'bond strength'. To find a behavioural measure of individual divorce tendency, the relationship of hand-reared bar-headed goslings (Anser indicus) to their human foster parents was investigated in four experiments. The following results were obtained: (1) The subjects (n = 18) significantly preferred their own, familiar foster parent (Hp) to a less familiar person (Hu). (2) This was also true when the Hu was the preferred Hp of another group of goslings, indicating that familiarity and not his suitability as a 'goose parent' is the relevant factor. (3) Alone with one person on a lawn, all goslings (n = 12) also maintained proximity when this was an Hu, indicating a bond to him also. Median distances maintained to Hp and Hu did not differ significantly, and were therefore no indicators of a gosling's preference. But the distress calling rate was significantly higher and the feeding rate significantly lower when a gosling was with an Hu than when with its Hp. (4) Distress calling rate in the presence of a stationary person was also a good indicator of a gosling's (n = 15) tendency to leave him and follow a slowly moving stranger. Approaches towards the stranger were significantly longer when the stationary person was an Hu than when it was the Hp. The amount of distress calling in the presence of an Hu was positively correlated (p<0.01) with the distance that the subjects later moved towards the stranger. The distress calling rate therefore is a good relative measure of a gosling's tendency to abandon a particular object, this tendency reflecting what we may call the strength of a bond or attachment.

scholarly journals Murine V kappa gene expression does not follow the VH paradigm.

1989 ◽  
Vol 169 (5) ◽  
pp. 1859-1864 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Kaushik ◽  
D H Schulze ◽  
C Bona ◽  
G Kelsoe
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Gene Family ◽  
B Lymphocytes ◽  
Gene Rearrangement ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Genomic Complexity ◽  
Positional Bias ◽  
Vh Gene

V kappa gene family expression among LPS-reactive murine B lymphocytes, unlike that of VH gene families, is not proportional to genomic complexity, i.e., nonstoichiometric. Furthermore, no positional bias for the overexpression of J-proximal V kappa genes (V kappa 21) is observed among neonatal B lymphocytes. Yet, the V kappa 1 and V kappa 9 families located in the center of V kappa locus are preferentially used by neonatal B splenocytes. Thus, the mechanisms of V kappa gene rearrangement and expression appear to differ significantly from those controlling the VH locus.

scholarly journals VH gene family expression in mice with the xid defect.

1991 ◽  
Vol 174 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
S H Feng ◽  
K E Stein
Keyword(s):  
Gene Family ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Gene Defect ◽  
X Chromosomes ◽  
Polysaccharide Antigens ◽  
Specific Antigens ◽  
Vh Gene ◽  
Vh Genes ◽  
Predominant Expression

Preferential use of particular VH gene families in the response to specific antigens has been demonstrated in several systems. The lack of responses to certain types of antigens, therefore, could be the result of deletion of or failure to express some VH genes. Because CBA/N mice, which carry the X-linked immunodeficiency (xid) gene defect, have been shown to be unresponsive to thymus-independent polysaccharide antigens, it was of interest to examine if this unresponsiveness could be accounted for by abnormal expression of particular VH gene families. Using in situ hybridization on B cell colonies, we determined the expression of nine VH gene families in CBA/CaHN females (genotypically normal), CBA/N males (xid) and females (xid), and (CBA/N x CBA/CaHN)F1 males (xid) and females (phenotypically normal). Our results indicate that VH gene family expression, including the S107 family, in CBA/N males and F1 males, is similar to that of CBA/CaHN and F1 females with predominant expression of J558, the largest gene family, in all individuals. Interestingly, CBA/N female mice, which carry two defective X chromosomes, as a group expressed significantly reduced levels of the J558 gene family, and as individuals showed variation in which family was predominantly expressed. We conclude that the unresponsiveness of mice with the xid defect to polysaccharide antigens can not attributed to a failure to express the nine VH gene families that we examined. Our findings do not support previous studies (Primi, D., and P.-A. Cazenave 1986. J. Exp. Med. 165:357), which found an absence of expression of the S107 family in xid mice.

scholarly journals Endogenous Murine Leukemia Viruses: Relationship to XMRV and Related Sequences Detected in Human DNA Samples

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oya Cingöz ◽  
John M. Coffin
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Leukemia Virus ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Mouse Virus ◽  
Leukemia Viruses ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Virus Isolates ◽  
Human And Mouse ◽  
Murine Leukemia

Xenotropic-murine-leukemia-virus-related virus (XMRV) was the first gammaretrovirus to be reported in humans. The sequence similarity between XMRV and murine leukemia viruses (MLVs) was consistent with an origin of XMRV from one or more MLVs present as endogenous proviruses in mouse genomes. Here, we review the relationship of the human and mouse virus isolates and discuss the potential complications associated with the detection of MLV-like sequences from clinical samples.

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