scholarly journals LIVER FUNCTION AS INFLUENCED BY THE DUCTLESS GLANDS

1914 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-319
Author(s):  
G. H. Whipple ◽  
P. W. Christman
Keyword(s):  
Liver Function ◽  
Functional Capacity ◽  
Pancreatic Insufficiency ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fatal Poisoning ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Gland Tissue ◽  
Text Figure ◽  
Symptom Complex ◽  
Standard Solution

When phenoltetrachlorphthalein is injected intravenously, it is eliminated from the body in the bile through the activity of the hepatic epithelium. The feces may be collected after purgation and the phthalein extracted and estimated against a standard solution. The estimation of phthalein can be done with accuracy in a suitable colorimeter and the elimination in normal dogs is quite constant. Given a definite liver injury by means of poisons (chloroform, phosphorus), the amount of phthalein excreted will be diminished and the fall in output will be proportional to the amount of injury. With an acute fatal poisoning the curve may fall to zero. Under certain conditions of vascular interference the liver phthalein may show a decreased output; in passive congestion of the liver and with the Eck fistula the liver output may fall considerably below normal. Known disturbances of the liver function due to parenchymatous injury or vascular disturbances are indicated by a fall in the phthalein. excretion curve. Conversely it may be claimed that a drop in phthalein excretion may indicate a decrease in the functional capacity of the liver even if there be no detectable histological changes. Adrenal insufficiency produced by extirpation of three fourths or more of the gland tissue will be associated with a drop in liver phthalein excretion. With hypertrophy of the adrenal fragment the excretion comes back to normal, but may fall again when more adrenal tissue is removed (text-figure 1). Pancreatic insufficiency causes a progressive fall in the phthalein excretion indicating a grave lowering of the functional capacity of the liver (text-figure 2). This fact has a direct bearing on the question of diabetes. Parathyroid insufficiency with tetany causes no decrease in phthalein output, but at times a rise above normal. This comes out best when the phthalein curve is low following pancreas extirpation. Parathyroid tetany may cause hyperactivity on the part of the liver cells. Thyroid insufficiency produces no change in the uniform curve of phthalein excretion. Hypophysis insufficiency shows an initial fall in the curve, followed by a return to normal and a final drop in the last few days before death. These experiments supply evidence to the effect that the liver is very much concerned in the derangement that follows the removal of the ductless glands. Hence it seems probable that this disturbance of the liver function may be an important factor in the general symptom complex of ductless gland insufficiency. In conclusion we wish to express our appreciation to Dr. S. J. Crowe and Dr. A. P. Jones for assistance rendered in performing some of the operations for gland removal.

scholarly journals LIVER FUNCTION AS INFLUENCED BY ANESTHETICS AND NARCOTICS

1915 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. Whipple ◽  
J. S. Speed
Keyword(s):  
Liver Injury ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Functional Capacity ◽  
Liver Cells ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Ether Anesthesia ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Histological Evidence ◽  
Passive Congestion

It has been established that specific liver poisons (chloroform, phosphorus) which cause histological changes in the liver cells, decrease the liver excretion of phenoltetrachlorphthalein. Also vascular disturbances (Eck fistula, passive congestion) with or without histological evidence may cause a fall in the output of phthalein through the liver. Sufficient evidence has been brought forward to show that the phenoltetrachlorphthalein excretion is a valuable index concerning the functional capacity of the liver. Ether anesthesia for a period of two hours usually causes a depression in the phthalein curve during the twenty-four hours following the anesthesia. Paraldehyde in doses sufficient to give anesthesia and stupor for a few hours will give adefinite fall in phthalein excretion. Chloral and urethane usually cause a decrease in phthalein output when given in considerable amounts. Alcohol causes a drop in the phthalein curve when given in large doses sufficient to cause stupor for a few hours. The drop in phenoltetrachlorphthalein excretion is demonstrated in the twenty-four hours following administration of the drug. A drop in the phthalein curve to two-thirds or one-half of normal indicates a definite liver injury and temporary impairment of function.

HISTOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE INTESTINES OF POULTRY DURING FODDER INTOXICATION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.P. Dolgov ◽  
◽  
A.A. Abramov ◽  
E.V. Kuzminova ◽  
E.V. Rogaleva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Histological Examination ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
The Body ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Beet Pulp

The article presents the data on the study of the influence of mycotoxins combination (T-2 toxin at the concentration of 0.095 mg/kg and aflatoxin B1 in the concentration of 0.019 mg/kg) on the body of quails and the results of pharmacocorrection of toxicosis with a complex consisting of beet pulp and lecithin. Structural changes in the intestines of quais at fodder mycotoxicosis are described. The use of antitoxic feed additives in poultry led to a weakening of the action of xenobiotics, which was confirmed by an increase in the safety of poultry and increase in body weight of quails, a decrease in the clinical manifestations of intoxication, as well as in positive changes in the structure of the intestine of the poultry during histological examination.

Simultaneous estimation of simvstatin and piperine in its formulation by UV spectrophotometric method

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Vijayamma G ◽  
Panneerselvam P ◽  
Siddeswari T ◽  
Nithya Kalyani K ◽  
Jeslin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spectrophotometric Method ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
The Body ◽  
Simultaneous Estimation ◽  
Chemical Release ◽  
Standard Solution ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Herbal Formulations ◽  
Validation Experiments

The active ingredient, called piperine, is present in black pepper. The ions are very small so they are easily consumed by the tissue and nervous system, causing the chemical release within the brain. Piperine has been shown to help ease gastrointestinal ailments, help with vomiting, and has the ability to help with inflammation of the body. This explains to us how simvastatin can help expedite piperine in the body. The new, clear, effective, quick, accurate ultraviolet spectrophotometric method has to be validated and developed for the study of simvastatin and piperine in bulk and poly-herbal formulations. Data from validation experiments was tested using methodological techniques. Since processing at a wavelength of 285nm, the standard solution appeared to have a far higher absorbance than at other wavelengths. Normal simvastatin and piperine have been measured in varying amounts, and they make spectrums of overlays. In Beer Law, the concentration (C) of a solvent is plotted against the absorbance (A) from a calibration curve, as a result. A linearity range of between 14and 39μg/mL was observed. The sample was tested by prorating the standard deviation and standard error of the approximate means with the sample size, demonstrating the accuracy and the precision of the methods used in the analysis. Based on the experimental findings, it can be easily inferred that for UV spectrometry estimation of simvastatin and piperine from pharmaceutical intravenous liquid formulation, the proposed method is very simple, fast, accurate, precise, economical and reproducible.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF ZINC ELEMENT AND DEXAMETHASONE ON SOME HEMATOLOGICAL BIOCHEMICAL TESTS IN RABBITS MALE

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Dheyab
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Spleen Tissue ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Short Time

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of zinc in dose 15mg/kg.bw daily  taken by the mouth and dexamethasone 4mgIkg.Bw by injection for 30days on some hematological biochemical tests and some histological changes of liver spleen in male rabbits. Thirty rabbits were used that divided into 3 randomized groups (each group contain 10 male rabbits ). Control group was taken normal food and water, Zinc group that gave zinc at dose of 15mg/kg.BW/daily/oral on 1, 2, 3, 4 weeks. Dexamethasone with zinc group : Employ dexamethasone 4mg/Kg.Bw . I.M dialy for 1 and 2 weeks for experiment and at  3, 4th weeks they gave zn 15mg/lKg.Bw day/orally. Blood samples were taken from the heart directly in 2 and 4weeks to examine packed cell volume (pcv), white blood cells (WBCs), Red blood cells (RBCs) with differential Leuckcyte count.separation blood collection to plasma and examine glucose mg/dl , cholesterol mg/dl. In histological tests, rabbits were killed and separate their organs tissue from the body to examine liver and spleen. The results revealed  a decrease in level of RBCs, pcv after treatment with zinc 15, mg/Kg.Bw orally (zinc group) and increase in WBCs with differential leuckocyte count specially neutrophil cell, while biochemical tests show increase in glucose and cholesterol levels after treatment with dexamethasone 4mglkgBw. I/M seen increase in counts of RBCs , PCV, WBCs and differential lenkocyte count and decrease in glucose with cholesterol parameters, histological changes show change in liver after treatment by dexamethasone 4mglKg.Bw ,spleen tissue seen necrosis and pigmentation with hemorrhage after take dexamethasone 4mglkg in (dexamethasone + zinc group). Results also showed that zinc enhanced the immune system in at normal dose for limited time  because of its effect on other mineral such as copper and causes anemia , while the dexamethasone is a drug used for antianflammatory but for a short time.                                                                                                                           

P6215Limited functional capacity and physical activity associated with patient withdrawals from cardiac rehabilitation

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
H Ding ◽  
M Gonzalez-Garcia ◽  
M Varnfield ◽  
A Krumins ◽  
Y Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cardiac Rehabilitation ◽  
Functional Capacity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Age And Sex

Abstract Background Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) assists patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) in improving physical activity and effectively managing their health conditions. With numerous clinical benefits including reduced risks of mortality (by 25%) and all-cause hospitalizations (by 18% - 25%), CR has been strongly recommended by evidence-based clinical guidelines for secondary prevention of CVD. However, many CR participant withdraw and hence fail to fully benefit from their CR programme. To address this issue, knowledge on risk stratification of patients' characteristics to appropriate CR care pathways is important. Purpose The purpose of this study is to identify clinical baseline characteristics associated with patients who withdraw from a CR programme. Methods We retrospectively analysed patients who participated in the centre-based CR programmes of a research study in Queensland, Australia. The CR programmes provided structured sessions (training and education) once or twice a week for six weeks in community care centres. We compared the patients who withdrew from their CR programme (Group-W) with those who did not withdraw (or simply completion) (Group-C). Withdrawal was defined as discontinuing within the first four weeks of the CR programme. In the comparison, the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Fisher's exact test were used for analysing age and sex respectively. The analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with an adjustment for age and sex was used for the body mass index (BMI), six-minute walk test (6WMT), and health-related quality of life (HeartQoL, ESC 2012), comprising physical (HeartQoL-Phy), emotional (HeartQoL-Emo), and global (HeartQoL-Glo) subscales. The study was approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee (Reference: HREC/16/QPAH/636). Results From Dec 2016 to Dec 2017, 600 outpatients with CVD were consented, and enrolled in the study. Seventy participants withdrew. Between the two groups (Group-W vs Group-C), no significant differences were found in age (64±12 years vs 65±10 years; p=0.4221), sex (Female, 31% vs 25%; p=0.2461) and BMI (30.5±6.2 vs 30.1±11.2; p=0.8211). The 6MWT distance was significantly lower in Group-W than Group-C (346±103 m vs 394±92 m; p=0.001). Significantly lower scores of HeartQoL-Phy (1.66±0.86 vs 1.93±0.74; p=0.0072) and HeartQoL-Glo scores (1.80±0.78 vs 2.02±0.67; p=0.0205) were found in Group-W. HeartQoL-Emo scores were lower in Group-W but the difference was not significant (2.19±0.73 vs 2.28±0.72; p=0.4550). Conclusions The levels of functional capacity measured by 6MWT and physical activity related quality of life were found to be significantly lower in withdrawal patients than those who completed their CR programme. The finding indicates that new care strategies, especially for patients with limited functional capacity and physical activity, are needed to improve the adherence and effectiveness of CR intervention in future studies. Acknowledgement/Funding CSIRO and Metro South Health

HEMODYNAMICS DURING THE ACUTE PHASE OF MYOCARDIAL DAMAGE CAUSED BY ISOPROTERENOL

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Beznak
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Functional Capacity ◽  
Myocardial Damage ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Subcutaneous Injections ◽  
Norepinephrine Infusion ◽  
The Difference

One to three days after two consecutive subcutaneous injections of 40 mg/kg isoproterenol were given to male rats, severe histological changes occurred in the myocardium. Blood pressure, cardiac output, and work of these rats did not differ from normal. During polyvinylpyrrolidone infusion, normal rats raised their cardiac output to about three times the preinfusion value, while only a slight increase took place in the isoproterenol-treated rats. The difference was less marked during pitressin and norepinephrine infusion. It is concluded that during the acute damage of the myocardium by isoproterenol, the functional capacity of the heart is greatly reduced.

Adverse Effects of Long-Term Ice-Cold Water Drink on Rat Liver Function and Histology

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Said Abdul Ghafour Saeedy ◽  
Ahmad Faisal Faiz ◽  
Marjan Nikbakhtzadeh ◽  
Bagher Minaei Zangi ◽  
Mansoor Keshavarz
Keyword(s):  
Liver Function ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Temperature Water ◽  
Care Period

Drinking ice-cold water is prohibited in Avicenna’s “The Canon of Medicine” book in which he emphasized that ice-cold water drinking was hazardous for the body organs such as the liver. Little information can be found regarding the effects of ice-cold fluid drinks on liver and its probable sequels on this vital organ. Accordingly, we investigated the effects of long-term ice-cold water drink on the rat liver function and histology. Eighteen male Wistar rats, weighing 180±20 g, were randomly divided into three groups of six as two months ice-cold water drink, CW2M; three months ice-cold water drink, CW3M; and three months room temperature water drink; control group. Upon completion of the care period, a blood sample has been taken for liver enzymes and lipid profile assessment. Liver tissue has also been used for histological studies of H&E staining and microscopic examination. Histological findings showed hepatocellular micro-vesicle formation, necrosis and derangement of the cellular cords and infiltration of Kupffer cells in ice-cold water taken animals. Serum TGs, VLDL-C and ALP significantly increased with sound decrease in FBS and LDL-C in ice-cold water taken animals. It seems that long-term ice-cold water has deleterious functional and structural effects on the liver.

The Relationship Between Disturbance of Liver Function and Mental Disease

1940 ◽  
Vol 86 (362) ◽  
pp. 514-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Berkenau
Keyword(s):  
Liver Function ◽  
Mental Disease ◽  
The Body ◽  
General Metabolism ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Liver Tests

The purpose of this paper is to attempt to correlate results obtained from liver tests with the nosological demarcation of psychoses. The knowledge of the outstanding importance of the liver in general metabolism (it provides 12% of the turnover of energy of the body) and of its relation to some organic diseases of brain has been the subject of numerous investigations. Expectation of finding the starting-point of any disease in the liver, however, will at first not be placed too high if one recollects that every gland is only part of a system. Even where the symptoms of liver or other glandular impairment are characteristic for limited groups of psychoses deductions must be guarded, and the discovery of an unequivocal bodily symptom does not mean elucidation of the aetiology of a mental disease.

Effectiveness study of “occupational connections” – A short-term, in-patient intervention for promotion functioning and participation in daily life of people with mental health conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S380-S381
Author(s):  
L. Lipskaya-Velikovsky ◽  
T. Krupa ◽  
M. Kotler
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Functional Capacity ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Body ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Hospital Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Mental Health Conditions

ObjectivesMental health conditions (MHC) have been associated with restrictions in daily life participation and functioning affecting health and well-being. Substantial numbers of people with MHC experience hospitalizations, however, there is limited evidence supporting functional interventions in the in-patient setting to promote recovery. The OC is an intervention implemented during sub-acute hospitalization, which attempts to promote activity and participation of people with MHC, both during the in-patient stay and upon return to the community, with a view to enabling recovery. To facilitate its implementation, we investigate the OC effectiveness.AimsInvestigate the OC contribution to cognition, symptoms and functional capacity among inpatients with schizophrenia.MethodsThis is a quasi-experimental, prospective, pre/post-designed study with convenience sampling. Inpatients with schizophrenia were enrolled into the study group participating in the OC intervention (n = 16); or the control group participating in hospital treatment as usual (n = 17). The study participants completed evaluations at baseline and at discharge or after 10 weeks with: Neurocognitive State Examination, Trail Making Test, Ray Complex Figure, and Category Fluency Test for aspects of cognition; Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale for symptoms severity, and Observed Tasks of Daily Living-Revised for functional capacity.ResultsStatistically significant improvement in cognitive functioning, symptoms severity and functional capacity was found in the study group after the intervention. These changes were not observed in the control group.ConclusionThe results support the OC effectiveness for cognitive and functional capacity improvement and symptomology relief. The findings advance the body of evidence for functional interventions in hospital settings.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Response of host embryonic chicks to grafts of additional adrenal glands. 1. Response of host adrenal glands, gonads, and kidneys

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 867-872 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. K. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Chorioallantoic Membrane ◽  
The Body ◽  
Adrenal Function ◽  
Cortical Tissue ◽  
Gland Tissue

The response of host embryonic chicks to the presence of additional amounts of adrenal gland tissue has been explored by grafting an additional gland from an 18-day embryonic donor to the chorioallantoic membrane of an 8-day embryonic host. The grafts were maintained for up to 10 days.The graft had no effect on the body weight of the host, nor on proliferation within the kidney. Proliferation within the gonad of the host was significantly depressed from 1 day postgrafting.Effects of the graft on the host adrenal glands were confined to hyperplasia of cortical tissue up to 12 days of incubation and subsequent reduced proliferation to 18 days. The medullary tissue did not respond to the graft.The significance of these results is discussed in terms of normal development of the adrenal gland, seasonal variations in adrenal function, and the establishment of the adrenal–gonad axis.

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