scholarly journals EFFECT OF ZINC ELEMENT AND DEXAMETHASONE ON SOME HEMATOLOGICAL BIOCHEMICAL TESTS IN RABBITS MALE

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Dheyab
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Spleen Tissue ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Short Time

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of zinc in dose 15mg/kg.bw daily  taken by the mouth and dexamethasone 4mgIkg.Bw by injection for 30days on some hematological biochemical tests and some histological changes of liver spleen in male rabbits. Thirty rabbits were used that divided into 3 randomized groups (each group contain 10 male rabbits ). Control group was taken normal food and water, Zinc group that gave zinc at dose of 15mg/kg.BW/daily/oral on 1, 2, 3, 4 weeks. Dexamethasone with zinc group : Employ dexamethasone 4mg/Kg.Bw . I.M dialy for 1 and 2 weeks for experiment and at  3, 4th weeks they gave zn 15mg/lKg.Bw day/orally. Blood samples were taken from the heart directly in 2 and 4weeks to examine packed cell volume (pcv), white blood cells (WBCs), Red blood cells (RBCs) with differential Leuckcyte count.separation blood collection to plasma and examine glucose mg/dl , cholesterol mg/dl. In histological tests, rabbits were killed and separate their organs tissue from the body to examine liver and spleen. The results revealed  a decrease in level of RBCs, pcv after treatment with zinc 15, mg/Kg.Bw orally (zinc group) and increase in WBCs with differential leuckocyte count specially neutrophil cell, while biochemical tests show increase in glucose and cholesterol levels after treatment with dexamethasone 4mglkgBw. I/M seen increase in counts of RBCs , PCV, WBCs and differential lenkocyte count and decrease in glucose with cholesterol parameters, histological changes show change in liver after treatment by dexamethasone 4mglKg.Bw ,spleen tissue seen necrosis and pigmentation with hemorrhage after take dexamethasone 4mglkg in (dexamethasone + zinc group). Results also showed that zinc enhanced the immune system in at normal dose for limited time  because of its effect on other mineral such as copper and causes anemia , while the dexamethasone is a drug used for antianflammatory but for a short time.                                                                                                                           

scholarly journals INTEGRATION OF A SET OF QIGONG EXERCISES INTO PHYSICAL EDUCATION METHODS OF A HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (33) ◽  
pp. 154-160
Author(s):  
R.G. Vakhitov ◽  
◽  
N.A. Krasulina ◽  
Z.Z. Berezhnova ◽  
A.I. Gareev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Test ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
The Impact

The influence of a complex of traditional qigong exercises, used in conjunction with classical methods of physical education, has been investigated in order to identify trends in changes in the indicators of general physical condition, to monitor a number of medical tests (general blood test, biochemical blood test, pulse, pressure). The work involved 619 (six hundred and nineteen) students of male main groups, of which 550 people were the experimental group and 69 were the control group. Scientific work was carried out on the basis of the Ufa State Petroleum Technical University in an annual period, from September 21, 2019 to February 20, 2020. The purpose of this study is to study the influence of this technique on increasing the level of the functional state of students, improving the process of physical education, the impact on the health of USPTU students attending classes. A similar study was described in his scientific publications by V.V. Vinantova (1996) and L.R. Kalimullina (2005). Yu.A. Petrova in her works (1992) noted that the volume of circulating blood, its components and the total number of hemoglobin increases in students under the influence of training. Metabolism is at the forefront of the changes that occur as a result of exercise. Accompanied by the released energy and the synthesis of ATP, the rate of catabolic processes in the body increases [1, 2]. The concentration of blood corpuscles increases when part of the plasma leaves the vascular bed and goes into the intercellular fluid due to physical exertion. First of all, this applies to red blood cells that transport oxygen. Under such conditions, the same volume of blood is able to carry more oxygen to working muscles [3]. The disadvantage of reducing plasma volume is an increase in blood viscosity, which makes it difficult for the heart to work. At the end of the 19th century, an increase in the number of leukocytes in the blood after exercise was found - myogenic leukocytosis. A.P. Egorov in his works (1926) showed that myogenic leukocytosis is accompanied by an increase in the number of white blood cells. The last phase may be accompanied by a sharp increase or a sharp decrease in the number of leukocytes to the physiology of the norm [4]. A change in the level of lymphocytes in the blood due to physical activity can be defined as one of the prognostic signs showing the level of adaptation of the body to physical activity

scholarly journals EFFECT OF DEUTERIUM WATER ON BLOOD VALUES AND DIGESTIBILITY OF NUTRIENTS OF RHESUS MACAQUE

2020 ◽  
Vol 384 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. V. Gaponov ◽  
S. V. Svistunov ◽  
N. N. Bondarenko ◽  
I. A. Romanenko
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Deuterium Content ◽  
Animal Blood ◽  
Constant Weight ◽  
Effect Of Water

The use of water with a modified isotopic composition in the diet of humans and animals, for example, with a reduced deuterium content, affects the rate of biological processes. In this regard, the targeted formation of the isotopic D / H gradient in the body can be used to increase its adaptive properties to external influences. Primates have a high anatomical and physiological similarity with humans, therefore, are an indispensable model for reproducing various pathological and toxic conditions in humans. The aim of the study was to study the effect of water with a low deuterium content on the hematological and biochemical blood parameters of rhesus monkeys and on the digestibility of nutrients of the diet. In the control group, primates consumed water with a natural regional content of deuterium equal to 150 mg / l, and in the experimental group - with reduced to 50 mg/l. The duration of the experiment was 35 days. The material for the study was venous blood, serum and feces of primates. Blood was drawn from monkeys before the use of deuterium depleted water and after the completion of the experiment. All blood samples (2.5-3.0 ml) were taken from the cubital or femoral veins of animals on an empty stomach and stabilized with a heparin solution. Laboratory studies of animal blood were performed on an automatic hematological analyzer (Beckman Coulter, USA) of the CoulterAcT 5diffCP brand. In order to study the effect of water with a reduced deuterium content on hematological parameters, we determined the number of red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, the average volume of red blood cells, red blood cell anisocytosis, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). The metabolism trial was divided into two periods. Preliminary - to exclude the influence of previous feeding and accustoming primates to cage conditions of keeping. Experimental - conducting a thorough accounting of consumed feed, excreted excrement. Feces were collected daily at the same time (morning and evening), weighed and ground in a mortar. At each collection, 50% of the homogenized mass was taken for analysis. The collected portions were stored in the refrigerator. After the end of the experimental (accounting) period in the collected feces, the initial moisture was determined by drying at 60-70 ℃ to constant weight. The resulting air-dry mass was thoroughly ground and analyzed. It has been found that the introduction of water with a reduced deuterium content into the diet of primates has a positive effect on feed conversion rate and blood biochemical parameters.

scholarly journals The effects of Nigella sativa oil administration on some physiological and histological values of reproductive aspects of rats

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-60
Author(s):  
Farooq T. Juma
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sexual Hormones ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Accessory Glands

The goal of this study to investigate the effects of Nigella sativa (Ns) oil on reproductive values, some hematological parameters serum biochemical characteristics, some sexual hormones concentration and histological changes of treated and normal male reproductive organs. The experiment (1) dealt with 20 males and 20 female rats at 21 days of age, 10 rats of each sex were giving orally Ns oil at the rate of 1ml/kg/day for 30 days and the others left as a control group. Insignificant changes were occurred in hematological parameters except the white blood cells (WBCs), were significantly increased in treated groups (P<0.05). The treated groups showed significant increases in total protein and significant decreases in total cholesterol liver enzymes markedly increased in treated rats Significant increases in the levels of LH, FSH and testosterone for males and LH, FSH, estrogen and progesterone for females were recorded. The experiment (2) dealt with effects of Ns oil on 20 adult males and 20 adult female rats that were given same dose of Ns oil for 30 days. There were significant increase in litter size and weight of rats born in treated groups. The experiment (3) dealt with the effects of Ns oil on castrated males fifteen adult rats were divided equally into 3 groups, two groups were castrated while, the third group was left as a control group; one castrated group was treated with same dose of Ns oil for 30 days, there were significant increases in serum testosterone concentration and weight of accessory glands in treated group. Histological changes in the accessory glands of treated groups were evident.In conclusion, the administration of 1ml/kg/day of Ns oil stimulated the secretion of sexual hormones that led to improve protein synthesis of hepatic enzymes, white blood cells count and decrease the serum cholesterol concentration in blood

scholarly journals Nutritional status, metabolic changes and white blood cells in adolescents

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thatianne Moreira Silva Oliveira ◽  
Franciane Rocha de Faria ◽  
Eliane Rodrigues de Faria ◽  
Patrícia Feliciano Pereira ◽  
Sylvia C.C. Franceschini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Metabolic Changes ◽  
The Body ◽  
Excess Weight ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Cross Sectional

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the relationship between the peripheral blood white cells, metabolic changes, and nutritional status of adolescents with and without excess weight and body fat.METHODS: This cross-sectional study evaluated the body mass index (BMI) and percentage body fat (%BF) in 362 adolescents from 15 to 19 years of age, of both sexes. White blood cell count, platelet count, uric acid, fasting glucose, insulin, and lipid profile were measured. The inclusion criteria were agreement to participate in the study and signature of the informed consent. Exclusion criteria were: presence of chronic or infectious disease; use of medications that could cause changes in biochemical tests; pregnancy; participation in weight reduction and weight control programs; use of diuretics and laxatives; or the presence of a pacemaker. The following statistical tests were applied: Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Student's t or Mann-Whitney test, Pearson or Spearman correlation tests, and chi-squared test, considering p<0.05.RESULTS: Overweight was observed in 20.7% of adolescents. The total cholesterol (TC) had a higher percentage of inadequacy (52.2%), followed by high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (38.4%). There was a positive correlation between white cells and serum lipids, insulin, body fat, and BMI. Monocytes were negatively correlated with BMI, and rods with BMI, body fat, and insulin.CONCLUSIONS: Nutritional status is related to an inflammatory process, and adolescents with excess weight or body fat presented higher amounts of white blood cells.

scholarly journals The effectiveness of new feed additives on the basis of lactulose in growing rabbits

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 52-60
Author(s):  
O.A. Knyazhеchenko ◽  
◽  
I.A. Semenova ◽  
A.A. Mosolov ◽  
M.V. Frolova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
The Body ◽  
Natural Resistance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Absolute Increase

Aim. To study the feasibility of using feed additives containing powdered feed preparations with different lactulose content in the amount of 5 g/kg of extruded compound feed together with the main diet in terms of the effect on the quality indicators of raw materials and the natural resistance of the body of experimental rabbits. Materials and Methods. The effectiveness was evaluated after the control slaughter at the age of 150 days in the number of 5 heads from each group. The change in live weight was determined when the rabbits reached the age of 75, 105, 135 and 150 days by weighing on an electronic scale. The physiological state and resistance of rabbits were evaluated by hematological parameters. The obtained materials were processed by the methods of variation statistics. Results. The analysis of dynamics of changes of alive weight of animals showed that feed supplementation with lactulose had a positive impact on the growth of animals the live weight of rabbits in groups I and II were greater at 3.8 and 6.2% absolute increase in live weight during the period of experience increased by 5.3 and 7.9%, respectively, compared to control. At the same time, the effect of supplements on blood parameters should also be noted. In our studies, the rabbits of the experimental groups had an advantage over the rabbits of the control group in terms of the level of red blood cells by 0.94·1012 g/l (18.7%) and 1.12·1012 g/l; white blood cells - by 0.50·109 (7.2%) g/l and 0.59·109 g/l (8.5%), respectively. The level of hemoglobin in the blood of rabbits increased by the end of the experiment in the control group by 3.7%, in I – by 12.5%, in II – by 15.9%. Conclusion. Based on the presented results, it can be concluded that the data on quantitative changes in blood were due to the influence of feed additives, which contributed to an increase in the natural resistance of rabbits, and the best indicators were achieved by rabbits of the II experimental group.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Bacillus subtilis (Vitafort) probiotic used for raising broiler chickens

2022 ◽  
Vol 78 (02) ◽  
pp. 6621-2022
Author(s):  
RIFKAT FAIRUSHIN ◽  
SVETLANA SHAKIROVA ◽  
RIMMA GANIEVA ◽  
GALIYA SHAKIROVA
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Daily Growth

Unbalanced nutrition as well as diseases of infectious and non-infectious etiology lead to a decrease in production and a significant loss of farm animals and birds. To mitigate these problems, various probiotic drugs (probiotics) are introduced into the diets of birds and animals for preventive purposes. The aim of the research was to study the effect of the Vitafort probiotic, containing antagonistic bacteria of the endophytic strain Bacillus subtilis B11, on the body of broiler chickens. The effect of Vitafort was assessed by measuring the live weight and average daily growth of birds. In addition, a morphological study of blood was carried out and the content of Bacillus subtilis in the small intestine was determined. It was found that the endophytic strain Bacillus subtilis B11 improved the intestinal microflora. Thus, on day 5 of its use, the number of microorganisms varied from 4.1 × 104 to 8.2 × 104 CFU/g, and on day 42 the same number varied from 4 × 108 to 5.8 × 108 CFU/g on day 42, the contents of red blood cells, haemoglobin, and white blood cells in the blood of chickens from the experimental group were higher by 6.44%, 3.44%, and 2.11%, respectively, than they were in the control group. Considering the above facts, it can be assumed that the absorption of nutrients in the intestine improved, and metabolic processes were activated due to an increase in the transport abilities of red blood cells.

scholarly journals Dynamics of hematological parameters, macromorphological and radiological results of reparative osteogenesis in rabbits for the use of platelet concentrates and hydroxyapatite ceramics

2020 ◽  
pp. 153-164
Author(s):  
S. Shevchenko
Keyword(s):  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Compact Bone ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Platelet Concentrates ◽  
Compact Bone Tissue ◽  
Hydroxyapatite Ceramics

The results of the dynamics of the morphological parameters of the blood of a rabbit with model defects of the opening of the spongy and compact bone tissue at diff erent periods of reparative osteogenesis are presented. Formed 4 groups of rabbits. Bone lesions in the fi rst experimental group were fi lled with injectable platelet-rich fi brin, in the second - platelet-rich fi brin, in the third - a combination of platelet-rich fi brin, and hydroxyapatite with β-tricalcium phosphate.In the control group, the defects remained healed under a blood clot. All animals were in the same conditions of feeding and keeping, had unlimited access to water. During the study, rabbits were clinically observed. Blood was taken for morphological examination before surgery and on the 3rd, 7th, 14th, 21st, 42nd day. Animals were taken from the experiment on the 14th, 21st and 42nd days, an X-ray examination was carried out, bone tissue samples were taken. It was established that trauma of bone tissue leads to a number of reactions of the body aimed at restoring the damaged area. Against the background of the general picture of the obtained morphological results, the level of platelets signifi cantly changes compared to the physiological norm, while the number of red blood cells and white blood cells does not go beyond it. There is a slight increase in hemoglobin levels, especially in the experimental groups on the twenty-fi rst and forty-second day. Signifi cant changes in the number of red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and hemoglobin concentration in the experimental groups were noted compared with the control group at diff erent periods of reparative osteogenesis.The use of various types of platelet concentrates aff ects the overall reaction of the body. On radiographs of the radial bones (compact bone tissue) on the twenty-fi rst day in the second and third experimental groups, where fi brin enriched with platelets and its combination with hydroxyapatite materials with β-tricalcium phosphate were used to replace bone defects, the infl ammatory reaction was manifested to a lesser extent. There was no signifi cant formation of bone callus compared with the fi rst, in which model defects were fi lled with injectable platelet-rich fi brin and the control group. Each of the types of platelet concentrates and their combination with hydroxyapatite ceramics have a diff erent eff ect on the restoration of bone defects and is accompanied by the appearance of a number of reactions, both local and general. According to the degree of intensity of this process, they can be placed in the following sequence: i-PRF ˂ PRF ˂ PRF+GT. Macromorphologically and radiologically signifi cant diff erences were not detected for diff erent types of bone tissue due to the use of each of the substances that concentrates platelets. The combination of hydroxyapatite granules with β-tricalcium phosphate and platelet-rich fi brin proved to be the best option for repairing the damaged area. Its use provides a signifi cantly smaller manifestation of the local infl ammatory reaction and causes the formation of optimal bone marrow. Key words: PRF, i-PRF, granules, centrifuges, growth factors, bone marrow.

STUDY OF RESISTANCE OF THE PIG BODY WHEN USING A COMPLEX MICROFEED PRODUCT IN NUTRITION

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-90
Author(s):  
L.A. Nikanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Green Algae ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blue Green Algae ◽  
Organic Iodine ◽  
Experimental Group

The object of research is the components of feed additives, namely dihydroquercetin, blue-green algae spirulina and organic iodine, in various combinations used in feeding piglets from the first days of feeding and before transferring them to fattening, at the age of 90 days. Three groups of piglets, one control and two experimental ones, were formed according to the principle of analogues. Piglets of the first experimental group received to the general diet, a feed additive MKBA-1, consisting of Spirulina – 1 mg, dihydroquercetin – 3 mg, organic iodine – 1,5 mg per 1,5 kg of live weight per day; piglets of the second experimental group to the main diet received a feed supplement ICBA-1, consisting of Spirulina – 2 mg and dihydroquercetin – 2 mg per 3 kg of live weight per day. The use of dihydroquercetin, blue-green algae spirulina and organic iodine in various combinations in feeding piglets contributed to an increase in the adaptive ability of the body, pathogenetic reactivity and correction of metabolic processes, which provided a higher realization of the genetic potential of pigs. The introduction of feed additives into the diet of pigs contributed to an increase in the bactericidal activity of blood serum in the first experimental group by 1%, in the second experimental group by 14,1%, compared with the control group. The number of white blood cells in piglets of the experimental groups was lower and red blood cells is higher compared to piglets in the control group, which was reflected in the hemoglobin content of blood, which was higher than piglets from the control group by 2% and 8,9%, respectively.

scholarly journals Changes in goslings’ blood pattern under the influence of different doses additives of selenium in forages

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (92) ◽  
pp. 50-55
Author(s):  
S. V. Sobolieva ◽  
B. V. Gutyj ◽  
O. I. Sobolev
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
The Body ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Different Doses

According to many scientists, the list of trace elements that are currently used in compound feeds for various types of poultry is clearly insufficient. In recent years, applied research has been conducted to determine the physiological needs of poultry for certain mineral elements that perform important biochemical functions in the body. This also applies to such biotic ultramicroelement as selenium. Scientific research of domestic and foreign scientists in the field of physiology, biochemistry, medicine and veterinary medicine has proved that selenium is a trace element with a fairly wide range of physiological and biochemical effects. When developing and theoretically justifying optimal norms for introducing selenium into poultry feed, it is necessary to evaluate not only its productive qualities, but also the blood picture. The question of the influence of selenium on changes in blood parameters in the poultry body is a great theoretical and practical significance because it allows us to expand our knowledge of its biological role and explain the data obtained in experiments. In scientific and economic experience has been studied the influence of additives of different doses of selenium in compound feed on the morphological and biochemical parameters of the goslings' blood raised for meat. During the experiment, feeding of goslings of all groups were carried out with dry feed mixes in accordance with existing norms. The goslings of the first control group did not receive selenium supplementation. The poultry of the second experimental group were additionally fed selenium at the rate of 0.2 mg/kg, the third of 0.3 and the fourth of 0.4 mg/kg. It is established that the additive in the feed of different doses of selenium stimulate hemocytopoiesis are added to different compound feeds, this is achieved by a homogeneous tendency per day, within physiological values in the goslings' peripheral blood number of red blood cells (by 1.7–3.9 %), white blood cells (by 2.1–3.2 %) and hemoglobin (by 2.4–8.6 %). Immune defense mechanisms are activated, which is manifested in an increase in the level of total protein (by 1.4–3.8 %) and the concentration of immunoglobulins in the blood serum (by 3.2–9.7 %). It is found changes in the content of total glutathione and its reduced form in the blood indicate a positive effect of selenium on the non-enzymatic element of the antioxidant defense system of the poultry's body. The addition of selenium to compound feed at a dose of 0.3 mg/kg had a significant effect on the morphological and biochemical parameters of the goslings' blood raised for meat.

scholarly journals Hematological changes after Röntgenray exposure in radiologic technologists

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 526-531
Author(s):  
Govand Tawfeeq ◽  
Rawaz Tawfeeq ◽  
Aram Ommar ◽  
Shakar Ali
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
The Body ◽  
Radiology Department ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Radiologic Technologists

Background and objective: In view of the known health hazards of X-ray radiation, this study focuses on the outlined effect of prolonged accidental or work-related Röntgenray exposure to hematological parameters such as red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), platelets count as well as serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione in X-ray technicians. Methods: In this cross-sectional study with a comparison group, blood samples were collected over six months period from X-ray technician assistants across Rizgary teaching hospital, maternity teaching hospital, Nanakaly hospital, Erbil teaching hospital, Ashty hospital, Hundreen hospital, and Harem hospital. A convenience sample was chosen for collecting subjects exposed to X-ray at the radiology department in the hospitals mentioned above. The results were analyzed and compared with a second control group of healthy unexposed individuals. Results: It was determined that prolonged Röntgenray exposure could lead to an increase in the amount of oxidative stress as denoted by the decrease in the levels of reduced glutathione in the plasma of our test subjects. Conclusion: Although there were changes in the mean levels of plasma RBC, WBC, platelets, and malondialdehyde, the differences of these parameters between the two groups were not significant statistically. However, there was a significant reduction in glutathione levels in plasma samples of the subjects, indicating elevated oxidative stress levels within the body. Keywords: X-ray; Blood cells; Malondialdehyde; Glutathione.

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