Functional interactions between Mi-2β and AP1 complexes control response and recovery from skin barrier disruption

Keratinocytes respond to environmental signals by eliciting induction of genes that preserve skin’s integrity. Here we show that the transcriptional response to stress signaling is supported by short-lived epigenetic changes. Comparison of chromatin accessibility and transcriptional changes induced by barrier disruption or by loss of the nucleosome remodeler Mi-2β identified their striking convergence in mouse and human keratinocytes. Mi-2β directly repressed genes induced by barrier disruption by restricting AP1-enriched promoter-distal sites, occupied by Mi-2β and JUNB at steady state and by c-JUN after Mi-2β depletion or stress signaling. Barrier disruption led to a modest reduction in Mi-2β expression and a further selective reduction of Mi-2β localization at stress response genes, possibly through competition with activated c-JUN. Consistent with a repressive role at stress response genes, genetic ablation of Mi-2β did not prevent reestablishment of barrier integrity but was required for return to homeostasis. Thus, a competition between Mi-2β–repressive and activating AP1 complexes may permit rapid transcriptional response to and resolution from stress signaling.

Download Full-text

Transcriptional response of key metabolic and stress response genes of a nuculanid bivalve, Lembulus bicuspidatus from an oxygen minimum zone exposed to hypoxia-reoxygenation

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B Biochemistry and Molecular Biology ◽

10.1016/j.cbpb.2021.110617 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 110617

Author(s):

Katherine Amorim ◽

Helen Piontkivska ◽

Michael L. Zettler ◽

Eugene Sokolov ◽

Tjorven Hinzke ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stress Response ◽

Transcriptional Response ◽

Oxygen Minimum Zone ◽

Stress Response Genes ◽

Minimum Zone ◽

Oxygen Minimum ◽

Hypoxia Reoxygenation

Download Full-text

The role of interleukin-24 in atopic dermatitis

10.37349/ei.2021.00002 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yen Hai Vu ◽

Masutaka Furue ◽

Gaku Tsuji

Keyword(s):

Atopic Dermatitis ◽

Inflammatory Responses ◽

Skin Barrier ◽

Human Keratinocytes ◽

Barrier Disruption ◽

Aryl Hydrocarbon ◽

Receptor Modulator ◽

Chronic Pruritus

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is characterized by skin barrier disruption, type 2 immune dysregulation, chronic pruritus, and abnormal colonization by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Tapinarof, an aryl hydrocarbon receptor modulator, has been demonstrated to attenuate the development of AD in clinical studies. Recently, we found that tapinarof upregulated the expression of filaggrin and loricrin, which are essential proteins in skin barrier functions. Paradoxically, tapinarof induced interleukin (IL)-24 secretion by normal human keratinocytes. IL-24 is produced by T helper 2 lymphocytes and keratinocytes following stimulation by type 2 cytokines, and IL-24 is upregulated in the skin of patients with AD. Furthermore, IL-24 contributes to skin barrier disruption and hyperplasia in AD, and it may exacerbate skin inflammatory responses, itch, and S. aureus infection. In this review, we summarized the current findings regarding the detrimental role of IL-24 in AD, thereby suggesting that co-treatment of tapinarof with therapeutics that block IL-24 signaling may represent a promising strategy for managing AD.

Download Full-text

Global Gene Expression Responses of Fission Yeast to Ionizing Radiation

Molecular Biology of the Cell ◽

10.1091/mbc.e03-08-0569 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 851-860 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

Adam Watson ◽

Juan Mata ◽

Jürg Bähler ◽

Anthony Carr ◽

Tim Humphrey

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Dna Damage ◽

Stress Response ◽

Ionizing Radiation ◽

Environmental Stress ◽

Fission Yeast ◽

Transcriptional Response ◽

Global Gene Expression ◽

Environmental Stress Response ◽

Stress Response Genes

A coordinated transcriptional response to DNA-damaging agents is required to maintain genome stability. We have examined the global gene expression responses of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe to ionizing radiation (IR) by using DNA microarrays. We identified ∼200 genes whose transcript levels were significantly altered at least twofold in response to 500 Gy of gamma IR in a temporally defined manner. The majority of induced genes were core environmental stress response genes, whereas the remaining genes define a transcriptional response to DNA damage in fission yeast. Surprisingly, few DNA repair and checkpoint genes were transcriptionally modulated in response to IR. We define a role for the stress-activated mitogen-activated protein kinase Sty1/Spc1 and the DNA damage checkpoint kinase Rad3 in regulating core environmental stress response genes and IR-specific response genes, both independently and in concert. These findings suggest a complex network of regulatory pathways coordinate gene expression responses to IR in eukaryotes.

Download Full-text

AITRL, an evolutionarily conserved plant specific transcription repressor regulates ABA response in Arabidopsis

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-80695-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yanxing Ma ◽

Hainan Tian ◽

Rao Lin ◽

Wei Wang ◽

Na Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stress Response ◽

Protein Phosphatase ◽

Aba Signaling ◽

Response Gene ◽

Stress Response Genes ◽

Arabidopsis Protein ◽

Evolutionarily Conserved ◽

Increased Sensitivity ◽

Aba Response ◽

Transcription Repressors

AbstractExpression of stress response genes can be regulated by abscisic acid (ABA) dependent and ABA independent pathways. Osmotic stresses promote ABA accumulation, therefore inducing the expression of stress response genes via ABA signaling. Whereas cold and heat stresses induce the expression of stress response genes via ABA independent pathway. ABA induced transcription repressors (AITRs) are a family of novel transcription factors that play a role in ABA signaling, and Drought response gene (DRG) has previously been shown to play a role in regulating plant response to drought and freezing stresses. We report here the identification of DRG as a novel transcription factor and a regulator of ABA response in Arabidopsis. We found that the expression of DRG was induced by ABA treatment. Homologs searching identified AITR5 as the most closely related Arabidopsis protein to DRG, and homologs of DRG, including the AITR-like (AITRL) proteins in bryophytes and gymnosperms, are specifically presented in embryophytes. Therefore we renamed DRG as AITRL. Protoplast transfection assays show that AITRL functioned as a transcription repressor. In seed germination and seedling greening assays, the aitrl mutants showed an increased sensitivity to ABA. By using qRT-PCR, we show that ABA responses of some ABA signaling component genes including some PYR1-likes (PYLs), PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE 2Cs (PP2Cs) and SUCROSE NONFERMENTING 1 (SNF1)-RELATED PROTEIN KINASES 2s (SnRK2s) were reduced in the aitrl mutants. Taken together, our results suggest that AITRLs are a family of novel transcription repressors evolutionally conserved in embryophytes, and AITRL regulates ABA response in Arabidopsis by affecting ABA response of some ABA signaling component genes.

Download Full-text

UVB protective effects of Sargassum horneri through the regulation of Nrf2 mediated antioxidant mechanism

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-88949-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Eui Jeong Han ◽

Seo-Young Kim ◽

Hee-Jin Han ◽

Hyun-Soo Kim ◽

Kil-Nam Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skin Barrier ◽

Human Keratinocytes ◽

Underlying Mechanism ◽

Ultraviolet B ◽

Sargassum Horneri ◽

Cellular Damage ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Skin Damage ◽

Antioxidant Mechanism ◽

Induced Apoptosis

AbstractThe present study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of a methanol extract of Sargassum horneri (SHM), which contains 6-hydroxy-4,4,7a-trimethyl-5,6,7,7a-tetrahydrobenzofuran-2(4H)-one (HTT) and apo-9′-fucoxanthinone, against ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced cellular damage in human keratinocytes and its underlying mechanism. SHM significantly improved cell viability of UVB-exposed human keratinocytes by reducing the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Moreover, SHM inhibited UVB exposure-induced apoptosis by reducing the formation of apoptotic bodies and the populations of the sub-G1 hypodiploid cells and the early apoptotic cells by modulating the expression of the anti- and pro-apoptotic molecules, Bcl-2 and Bax, respectively. Furthermore, SHM inhibited NF-κB p65 activation by inducing the activation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling. The cytoprotective and antiapoptotic activities of SHM are abolished by the inhibition of HO-1 signaling. In further study, SHM restored the skin dryness and skin barrier disruption in UVB-exposed human keratinocytes. Based to these results, our study suggests that SHM protects the cells against UVB-induced cellular damages through the Nrf2/HO-1/NF-κB p65 signaling pathway and may be potentially useful for the prevention of UVB-induced skin damage.

Download Full-text

Effects of a complex mixture prepared from agrimonia, houttuynia, licorice, peony, and phellodendron on human skin cells

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-79301-2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Kyung-Ha Lee ◽

Jeong Pyo Lee ◽

Wanil Kim

Keyword(s):

Human Skin ◽

Complex Mixture ◽

Skin Barrier ◽

Aging Effect ◽

Human Keratinocytes ◽

Skin Barrier Function ◽

Active Ingredients ◽

Γ Irradiation ◽

Skin Cells ◽

Human Skin Cells

AbstractActive ingredients derived from natural sources are widely utilized in many industries. Cosmetic active ingredients are largely derived from various plants. In this study, we examined whether a mixture of plant extracts obtained from agrimonia, houttuynia, licorice, peony, and phellodendron (hereafter AHLPP), which are well-known for their effects on skin, could affect skin barrier function, inflammation, and aging in human skin cells. We also determined whether AHLPP extracts sterilized using γ-irradiation (to avoid preservatives) retained their skin cell regulating activity. The AHLPP mixture could downregulate representative pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL 1-β and IL 7. Procollagen peptide synthesis was also increased by AHLPP treatment along with mRNA upregulation of barrier proteins such as filaggrin and desmoplakin. The AHLPP mixture showed an anti-aging effect by significantly upregulating telomerase activity in human keratinocytes. We further observed TERT upregulation and CDKN1B downregulation, implying a weakening of pro-aging signal transduction. Co-cultivation of a hydrogel polymer containing the AHLPP mixture with human skin cells showed an alteration in skin-significant genes such as FLG, which encodes filaggrin. Thus, the AHLPP mixture with or without γ-irradiation can be utilized for skin protection as it alters the expression of some significant genes in human skin cells.

Download Full-text

Autoinducer-2 Triggers the Oxidative Stress Response in Mycobacterium avium, Leading to Biofilm Formation

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.02066-07 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 74 (6) ◽

pp. 1798-1804 ◽

Cited By ~ 51

Author(s):

Henriette Geier ◽

Serge Mostowy ◽

Gerard A. Cangelosi ◽

Marcel A. Behr ◽

Timothy E. Ford

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Stress Response ◽

Quorum Sensing ◽

Mycobacterium Avium ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Transcriptional Response ◽

Opportunistic Pathogen ◽

Environmental Stresses ◽

Oxidative Stress Response ◽

Autoinducer 2

ABSTRACT Mycobacterium avium is an environmental organism and opportunistic pathogen with inherent resistance to drugs, environmental stresses, and the host immune response. To adapt to these disparate conditions, M. avium must control its transcriptional response to environmental cues. M. avium forms biofilms in various environmental settings, including drinking water pipes and potable water reservoirs. In this study, we investigated the role of the universal signaling molecule autoinducer-2 (AI-2) in biofilm formation by M. avium. The addition of the compound to planktonic M. avium cultures resulted in increased biofilm formation. Microarray and reverse transcriptase PCR studies revealed an upregulation of the oxidative stress response upon addition of AI-2. This suggests that the response to AI-2 might be related to oxidative stress, rather than quorum sensing. Consistent with this model, addition of hydrogen peroxide, a known stimulus of the oxidative stress response, to M. avium cultures resulted in elevated biofilm formation. These results suggest that AI-2 does not act as a quorum-sensing signal in M. avium. Instead, biofilm formation is triggered by environmental stresses of biotic and abiotic origins and AI-2 may exert effects on that level.

Download Full-text

Polymorphisms in stress response genes in Lactobacillus plantarum: implications for classification and heat stress response

Annals of Microbiology ◽

10.1007/s13213-014-0862-7 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 65 (1) ◽

pp. 297-305

Author(s):

Angela Guidone ◽

Eugenio Parente ◽

Teresa Zotta ◽

Caitriona M. Guinane ◽

Mary C. Rea ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Stress Response ◽

Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽

Heat Stress Response ◽

Stress Response Genes

Download Full-text

Vitamin D regulates the expression of immune and stress response genes in dengue virus-infected macrophages by inducing specific microRNAs

MicroRNA ◽

10.2174/2211536610666211221151949 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Geysson Javier Fernandez ◽

Jorge Andrés Castillo ◽

Diana Marcela Giraldo ◽

Silvio Urcuqui-Inchima

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Immune Response ◽

Stress Response ◽

Dengue Virus ◽

Mirna Expression ◽

Expression Profiles ◽

Denv Infection ◽

High Dose ◽

Regulatory Pathways ◽

Stress Response Genes

Background: The pathogenesis associated with Dengue virus (DENV) infection is marked by the impairment of host immune response. Consequently, the modulation of immune response has emerged as an important therapeutic target for the control of DENV infection. Vitamin D has been shown to regulate the immune response in DENV infection, although the molecular mechanism remains poorly understood. Post-transcriptional regulation of mRNA by miRNAs offers an opportunity to gain insight into the immunomodulation mediated by vitamin D Objective: Previously, it has been observed that a high dose of vitamin D (4000 IU) decreased DENV-2 infection and inflammatory response in monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs). Here, we examine whether high or low doses of vitamin D supplements exert differential effect on miRNA expression in DENV-infected macrophages Methods: We analyzed miRNA expression profiles in MDMs isolated from healthy individuals who were given either 1000 or 4000 IU/day of vitamin D for 10 days. MDMs before or after vitamin D supplementation were challenged with DENV-2, and miRNAs profiles were analyzed by qPCR arrays. Results: DENV-2 infected MDMs supplemented with 4000 IU, showed up-regulation of miR-374a-5p, miR-363-3p, miR-101-3p, miR-9-5p, miR-34a-5p, miR-200a-3p, and the family of miRNAs miR-21-5p, and miR-590-p. The miRNA profile and predicted target mRNAs suggested regulatory pathways in MDMs obtained from healthy donors who received higher doses of vitamin D. These DENV-2 infected MDMs expressed a unique set of miRNAs that target immune and cellular stress response genes. Conclusion: The results suggest vitamin D dose-dependent differential expression of miRNAs target key signaling pathways of the pathogenesis of dengue disease.

Download Full-text