scholarly journals Blocking inflammation on the way: Rationale for CXCR2 antagonists for the treatment of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 217 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars M. Koenig ◽  
Daniel F.R. Boehmer ◽  
Philipp Metzger ◽  
Max Schnurr ◽  
Stefan Endres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Treatment Option ◽  
Neutrophil Recruitment ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Sars Coronavirus ◽  
Promising Treatment ◽  
Cxcr2 Antagonists ◽  
The Way

An exacerbated and unbalanced immune response may account for the severity of COVID-19, the disease caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2. In this Viewpoint, we summarize recent evidence for the role of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and propose CXCR2 inhibition as a promising treatment option to block neutrophil recruitment and activation.

scholarly journals ACE2 the Janus-faced protein – from cardiovascular protection to severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus and COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 134 (7) ◽  
pp. 747-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhian M. Touyz ◽  
Hongliang Li ◽  
Christian Delles
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Basic Science ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Sars Coronavirus ◽  
Multifunctional Protein ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2

Abstract Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the major enzyme responsible for conversion of Ang II into Ang-(1-7). It also acts as the receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-coronavirus (CoV)-2, which causes Coronavirus Disease (COVID)-19. In recognition of the importance of ACE2 and to celebrate 20 years since its discovery, the journal will publish a focused issue on the basic science and (patho)physiological role of this multifunctional protein.

scholarly journals The Immune Response to Tumors as a Tool toward Immunotherapy

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Pandolfi ◽  
R. Cianci ◽  
D. Pagliari ◽  
F. Casciano ◽  
C. Bagalà ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Cancer Colorectal ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Cytotoxic T Cells ◽  
Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes ◽  
Hematologic Malignancies ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Infiltrating Lymphocytes

Until recently cancer medical therapy was limited to chemotherapy that could not differentiate cancer cells from normal cells. More recently with the remarkable mushroom of immunology, newer tools became available, resulting in the novel possibility to attack cancer with the specificity of the immune system. Herein we will review some of the recent achievement of immunotherapy in such aggressive cancers as melanoma, prostatic cancer, colorectal carcinoma, and hematologic malignancies. Immunotherapy of tumors has developed several techniques: immune cell transfer, vaccines, immunobiological molecules such as monoclonal antibodies that improve the immune responses to tumors. This can be achieved by blocking pathways limiting the immune response, such as CTLA-4 or Tregs. Immunotherapy may also use cytokines especially proinflammatory cytokines to enhance the activity of cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) derived from tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). The role of newly discovered cytokines remains to be investigated. Alternatively, an other mechanism consists in enhancing the expression of TAAs on tumor cells. Finally, monoclonal antibodies may be used to target oncogenes.

scholarly journals Memory, Place and Pain in W.G. Sebald's: The Emigrants

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-172
Author(s):  
Kobi (Yaaqov) Assoulin
Keyword(s):  
Main Role ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Do So ◽  
The Way ◽  
At Home

When we discuss the concept of place, we mostly do so geographically, or as a metaphor. That is, by representing what we think about by geographical notions. This paper avoids this literary tendency by discussing directly the role of actual place in W.G. Sebald's The Emigrants. Not only that, While still acknowledging melancholy's main role in the novel, and the way in which it is discussed in Freud and through Freud et al, the paper takes this melancholy to be a phenomenological spring board for explicating the centrality of place within The Emigrants's melancholy. In order to do this, the paper discusses the role of place within major phenomenological thinkers like Husserl, Heidegger and Merleau-Ponty and the way their discussion dissolves the classical dichotomy of subject/object. However, as this dichotomy is dissolved, it becomes clearer as to the way places do not only belong to human-beings – simultaneously, humans belong to places. Through explicating this, we come to understand in The Emigrants what makes it such a tragic story. While the emigrants find their home to be rooted in places and memories of places, these places carry at the same time a mood of being-at-home and alongside that, a sense of ruins which haunt. Thus they become trapped between the conflicting urges of running toward and running from these memories. A dilemma that is finally solved only, in the novel, through death.

scholarly journals Comprehensive literature review on COVID-19 vaccines and role of SARS-CoV-2 variants in the pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 251513552110597
Author(s):  
Charles Yap ◽  
Abulhassan Ali ◽  
Amogh Prabhakar ◽  
Akul Prabhakar ◽  
Aman Pal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Vaccine Research ◽  
Hygiene Measures ◽  
Dosing Strategies

Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a rapid expansion in vaccine research focusing on exploiting the novel discoveries on the pathophysiology, genomics, and molecular biology of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Although the current preventive measures are primarily socially distancing by maintaining a 1 m distance, it is supplemented using facial masks and other personal hygiene measures. However, the induction of vaccines as primary prevention is crucial to eradicating the disease to attempt restoration to normalcy. This literature review aims to describe the physiology of the vaccines and how the spike protein is used as a target to elicit an antibody-dependent immune response in humans. Furthermore, the overview, dosing strategies, efficacy, and side effects will be discussed for the notable vaccines: BioNTech/Pfizer, Moderna, AstraZeneca, Janssen, Gamaleya, and SinoVac. In addition, the development of other prominent COVID-19 vaccines will be highlighted alongside the sustainability of the vaccine-mediated immune response and current contraindications. As the research is rapidly expanding, we have looked at the association between pregnancy and COVID-19 vaccinations, in addition to the current reviews on the mixing of vaccines. Finally, the prominent emerging variants of concern are described, and the efficacy of the notable vaccines toward these variants has been summarized.

scholarly journals Covid -19 – A Few Words -- The Way to Come Out

2020 ◽  
Vol 04 (5) ◽  
pp. 01-01
Author(s):  
Swami Shraddhamayananda
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Evidence Based Practices ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Digestive Disorders ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Way

There are some anecdotal remedies from time immemorial in our country. The Vedas and Upanishads have been documented and has inspired Manu and Sushrut in culminating medicine into an evolved concept steeped in belief, common faith and evidence based practices. Some herbs, some vegetables, some condiments and certain spices have been the bane of ayurveda and has helped with digestive disorders, hypertension , insomnia and some memory kinetics - which has also propelled us as a nation into an involvement with homeo medicines. All these with the recent advances of technology and medicine can combat the raging pandemic of COVID 19. The role of food - fruits, vegetables and certain dairy products does have different roles to play in gaining over the virus . With tea it has been a century old belief that it holds a key to the immune response of mankind and the Orient stands by this at all times for many many years since mankind first saw the blue moon.

scholarly journals Cytokine Storm: The Primary Determinant for the Pathophysiological Evolution of COVID-19 Deterioration

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruirong Chen ◽  
Zhien Lan ◽  
Jujian Ye ◽  
Limin Pang ◽  
Yi Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Major Threat ◽  
Primary Determinant ◽  
Multi Organ Dysfunction Syndrome

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an ongoing major threat to global health and has posed significant challenges for the treatment of severely ill COVID-19 patients. Several studies have reported that cytokine storms are an important cause of disease deterioration and death in COVID-19 patients. Consequently, it is important to understand the specific pathophysiological processes underlying how cytokine storms promote the deterioration of COVID-19. Here, we outline the pathophysiological processes through which cytokine storms contribute to the deterioration of SARS-CoV-2 infection and describe the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and the immune system, as well as the pathophysiology of immune response dysfunction that leads to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), multi-organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), and coagulation impairment. Treatments based on inhibiting cytokine storm-induced deterioration and occurrence are also described.

scholarly journals VIRGINIA WOOLF'S NOVEL “MRS. DALLOWAY”

2021 ◽  
pp. 80-90
Keyword(s):  
Virginia Woolf ◽  
First World War ◽  
The Novel ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The World ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
First World ◽  
The Way

Following work is dedicated to the novel “Mrs.Dalloway”. The main characters are emotionally endowed Dreamer Clarissa Dalloway and humble servant Septimus Warren-Smith, who was a contusion in the first World War described only one day in June, 1923 year. In fact, the novel “Mrs.Dalloway” is the "flow of consciousness" of the protagonists Clarissa Dalloway and Septimus Warren – Smith, their Big Ben clock is divided into certain peace with a bang. Virginia Woolf believes that "life" is manifested in the form of consciousness, death and time, she focuses her essays on such issues as the role of a woman in family and society, the role of a woman in the upbringing of children, the way a woman feels about the world, the relationship between a modern man and a woman.

scholarly journals Raskolnikov on the Way to ‘Holy Russia’: Hermeneutics of Raskolnikov’s Image in F. M. Dostoevsky’s Crime and Punishment

2021 ◽  
pp. 43-57
Author(s):  
Sergei Pavlov ◽  
◽  
Svetlana Koroleva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Common Good ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Crime And Punishment ◽  
The New Testament ◽  
Social Unity ◽  
Christian Love ◽  
Intertextual Connections ◽  
Russian Idea ◽  
The Way

The image of Raskolnikov in F. M. Dostoevsky’s novel Crime and Punishment has been widely researched and commented upon. However, suggesting a particular approach to the material — that of hermeneutic linguistics — and focusing on the problem of holiness (two essential principles of this article) provide new results in understanding the content of Raskolnikov’s image, the direction of its development, and the inner plot of the novel’s epilogue. The paper focuses on defining markers of the idea of ‘Holy Russia’ in the image of Rodion Raskolnikov as well as the role of ‘holy’ symbols both in its own development, and, through it, in the novel’s overall plot. Particular attention is paid to intertextual connections of the novel with the New Testament and established prayers, as well as to temporal and topic religious symbols referring to the hero. The paper argues that both the ideals of ‘Holy Russia’ and Dostoevsky’s ‘Russian idea’ play a significant role in the development of the plot and the hero’s character. It also analyzes the connection of the hero’s inner journey (his spiritual and moral fall and his later rebirth) with embodying the ‘Russian idea’ in the image of an intellectual in the novel. The hermeneutic research demonstrates that Dostoevsky, bringing his hero through the abyss of ‘theoretical’ temptation, inner schism, and jail, discovers in him those powers that can become sources of transformation for his soul and his life, putting him on the way to holiness. The image of Raskolnikov appears to be charged with meanings connected with the ideals of ‘Holy Russia’ both in terms of individual transformation (the way to holiness) and in terms of social unity (the way to self-sacrificial service, mutual Christian love, and the common good).

scholarly journals COVID-19 Pandemic in Nigeria: Misconception Among Individuals, Impact on Animals and the Role of Mathematical Epidemiologists

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwasegun Micheal Ibrahim ◽  
Damilola Daniel Ekundayo
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Good People ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Virus ◽  
The Government ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, to be a pandemic. Since the declaration, Nigeria economy has been greatly impacted thus resulting in a recession. This paper considers a couple of misconceptions among Nigerian people in the COVID-19 pandemic era thereby causing the spread of the novel virus and hence making the situation difficult for the government to handle. In particular, we discuss the first and second waves of the pandemic as it affects the Nigerian people. The impact of the pandemic on animals and the role of mathematical epidemiologists in combatting the spread is discussed herein. We give some recommendations that could be adopted by the government and the good people of Nigeria to reduce the further spread of the virus.

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