scholarly journals SPIROCHÆTA HEBDOMADIS, THE CAUSATIVE AGENT OF SEVEN DAY FEVER (NANUKAYAMI)

1919 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yutaka Ido ◽  
Hiroshi Ito ◽  
Hidetsune Wani
Keyword(s):  
Causative Agent ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
Large Numbers

1. Spirochata hebdomadis is always present in seven day fever and can be confirmed by animal experiments with guinea pigs of light weight. 2. The causative agent of this disease can also be found in film preparations of the blood of patients, though it is not present in large numbers. 3. Spirochæta hebdomadis is discharged in the urine of patients having seven day fever. The number of spirochetes in the urine is great during convalescence. 4. Seven day fever is a disease found not only in the Prefecture of Fukuoka, but in many other districts of Japan as well.

scholarly journals An Investigation of the Relationship between Cyniclomyces guttulatus and Rabbit Diarrhoea

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 880
Author(s):  
Tuanyuan Shi ◽  
Xinlei Yan ◽  
Hongchao Sun ◽  
Yuan Fu ◽  
Lili Hao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Zealand White Rabbit ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Cyniclomyces guttulatus is usually recognised as an inhabitant of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract in rabbits. However, large numbers of C. guttulatus are often detected in the faeces of diarrhoeic rabbits. The relationship of C. guttulatus with rabbit diarrhoea needs to be clearly identified. In this study, a C. guttulatus Zhejiang strain was isolated from a New Zealand White rabbit with severe diarrhoea and then inoculated into SPF New Zealand white rabbits alone or co-inoculated with Eimeriaintestinalis, another kind of pathogen in rabbits. Our results showed that the optimal culture medium pH and temperature for this yeast were pH 4.5 and 40–42 °C, respectively. The sequence lengths of the 18S and 26S ribosomal DNA fragments were 1559 bp and 632 bp, respectively, and showed 99.8% homology with the 18S ribosomal sequence of the NRRL Y-17561 isolate from dogs and 100% homology with the 26S ribosomal sequence of DPA-CGR1 and CGDPA-GP1 isolates from rabbits and guinea pigs, respectively. In animal experiments, the C. guttulatus Zhejiang strain was not pathogenic to healthy rabbits, even when 1 × 108 vegetative cells were used per rabbit. Surprisingly, rabbits inoculated with yeast showed a slightly better body weight gain and higher food intake. However, SPF rabbits co-inoculated with C. guttulatus and E. intestinalis developed more severe coccidiosis than rabbits inoculated with C. guttulatus or E. intestinalis alone. In addition, we surveyed the prevalence of C. guttulatus in rabbits and found that the positive rate was 83% in Zhejiang Province. In summary, the results indicated that C. guttulatus alone is not pathogenic to healthy rabbits, although might be an opportunistic pathogen when the digestive tract is damaged by other pathogens, such as coccidia.

scholarly journals Гістоморфологічні зміни в органах і тканинах мурчаків, інфікованих ентеротоксигенними штамами Y. Enterocoliticа

2015 ◽  
pp. 73-83
Author(s):  
Б. В. Борисевич ◽  
В. Г. Скибіцький ◽  
Г. В. Козловська ◽  
А. В. Козловська
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Degenerative Changes ◽  
Necrotic Enteritis ◽  
Immune Organs ◽  
Liver And Pancreas ◽  
Histomorphological Changes ◽  
Significant Activation

Викладено результати дослідження гістоморфо-логічних змін органів і тканин мурчаків, інфікованихентеротоксигенними штамами Y. enterocoliticа. Зок-рема встановлено, що найбільше уражається тонкакишка, де виявляють поверхневий некротичний енте-рит. Токсини збудника хвороби, потрапляючи в кров,спричиняють дистрофічні зміни в печінці та підшлун-ковій залозі, спричиняють екстракапілярний серознийгломерулонефрит та дистрофічні зміни епітеліюканальців нирок, а також серозний міокардит. Інфі-кування мурчаків призводить до значної активаціївсіх імунокомпетентних органів організму – тимусу,селезінки, соматичних і вісцеральних лімфовузлів. The results of the study of histomorphological changes in organs and tissues of guinea pigs infected with enterotoxigenic strains of Y. enterocolitica were presented. We established, in particular, the most affected in small intestine, where superficial necrotic enteritis was determined. Toxins are causative agent, getting into the bloodstream cause degenerative changes in the liver and pancreas. And also serous ecstracapillary glomerulonephritis and degenerated changes of epithelial tubules of the kidneys and serous myocarditis were caused. The infecting of guinea pigs leads significant activation of immune organs: thymus, spleen, somatic and visceral lymph nodes.

scholarly journals FEEDING EXPERIMENTS WITH BACTERIUM PULLORUM. THE TOXICITY OF INFECTED EGGS

1916 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 475-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leo F. Rettger ◽  
Thomas G. Hull ◽  
William S. Sturges
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Domestic Fowl ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Feeding Experiments ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Poultry Breeding ◽  
Viable Bacteria

The problem of eradicating ovarian infection in the domestic fowl assumes still greater importance than heretofore, in the light of data recently acquired. Not only is it of great significance to eliminate the permanent carriers of Bacterium pullorum from all flocks of fowls from the standpoint of successful poultry breeding, but also because they constitute a possible source of danger to man. Eggs which harbor Bacterium pullorum in the yolk in large numbers may produce abnormal conditions, when fed, not only in young chicks, but in adult fowls, young rabbits, guinea pigs, and kittens. The toxicity for young rabbits is most pronounced, the infection usually resulting in the death of the animals. In kittens the most prominent symptoms are those of severe food-poisoning with members of the paratyphoid group of bacteria. The possibility of infected eggs causing serious disturbances in young children and in the sick and convalescent of all ages must therefore receive serious consideration. Ovarian infection of fowls is very common throughout this country. Hence, a large proportion of the marketed eggs are infected with Bacterium pullorum. When such eggs are allowed to remain in nests under broody hens, or in warm storage places, for comparatively few hours, they contain large numbers of the organism. Soft boiling, coddling, and frying on one side only do not necessarily render the yolks free from viable bacteria; therefore, eggs which have gone through these processes may, like raw eggs, be the cause of serious disturbances in persons who are particularly susceptible to such influences, and especially to infants. That no well authenticated instances of egg-poisoning of this kind are on record does not warrant the assumption that there have been no cases. The etiology of infantile stomach and intestinal disturbances is as yet too little understood; in fact, it may be said that many of these disorders have no known cause, and almost as much may be said regarding gastro-intestinal diseases in later life. Furthermore, since the ailments caused by infected eggs would not make themselves felt presumably until several days after their ingestion, little or no suspicion would fall upon the eggs. It may be said, too, that the wide distribution of ovarian infection in the domestic fowl has come about only in the last few years, hence its possible danger to man is one of recent development.

scholarly journals SPIROCHÆTA HEBDOMADIS, THE CAUSATIVE AGENT OF SEVEN DAY FEVER (NANUKAYAMI)

1918 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yutaka Ido ◽  
Hiroshi Ito ◽  
Hidetsune Wani
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Etiological Agent ◽  
Field Mouse ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Field Mice ◽  
A New Species

A new species of spirochete which we have called Spirochæta hebdomadis has been described as the specific etiological agent of seven day fever, a disease prevailing in the autumn in Fukuoka and other parts of Japan. This spirochete is distinguishable from Spirochæta icterohæmorrhagiæ to which it presents certain similarities. Young guinea pigs are susceptible to inoculation with the blood of patients and to pure cultures of the spirochete, and those developing infection exhibit definite symptoms suggestive of those of seven day fever in man. The blood serum of convalescents from seven day fever contains specific immune bodies acting spirochetolytically and spirocheticidally against the specific spirochetes, but not against Spirochæta icterohæmorrhagiæ. The field mouse (Microtus montebelli) is the normal host of the spirochetes, which have been detected in the kidneys and urine of 3.3 per cent of the animals examined. The endemic area of prevalence of seven day fever corresponds with the region in which field mice abound.

scholarly journals Concept of application of the light-weight robot Robin Heart (“Pelikan”) in veterinary medicine: a feasibility study

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Lis ◽  
Krzysztof Lehrich ◽  
Łukasz Mucha ◽  
Zbigniew Nawrat
Keyword(s):  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Minimally Invasive Surgery ◽  
Laparoscopic Surgery ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Surgical Instruments ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Medical Robots ◽  
Position And Orientation ◽  
Special Instrumentation

Currently, there is a great interest in the use of minimally invasive surgery methods. Such surgeries require special instrumentation. Doctors increasingly use medical robots that replace assistants responsible for setting the position and orientation of the endoscope (vision), as well as make it possible to control surgical instruments. One of very promising fields of expansion of this technology is veterinary medicine. This article presents a review of literature on animal laparoscopic surgery with the use of medical robots. Particular attention was paid to animal experiments involving the Robin Heart family robots. Moreover, the article presents the construction and principle of operation of the smallest manipulator of the Robin Heart family, as well as describes preliminary simulations of surgery with the use of this robot. In the conclusion, possible directions for further improvement and implementation of the Robin Heart robot have been formulated.

scholarly journals Typhlitis Caused by IntestinalSerpulina-Like Bacteria in Domestic Guinea Pigs (Cavia porcellus)

1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 690-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mia Vanrobaeys ◽  
Peter De Herdt ◽  
Richard Ducatelle ◽  
Luc A. Devriese ◽  
Gerard Charlier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Cavia Porcellus ◽  
Serpulina Hyodysenteriae ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
History Of ◽  
The University

Between January 1992 and December 1996, Serpulina-like bacteria were demonstrated in intestinal tract lesions from 37 of 88 guinea pigs submitted to the University of Ghent in Ghent, Belgium, for necropsy because of disease and death from different unknown causes. All infected animals had a history of sudden death with minimal introductory clinical signs. Occasionally, they produced yellow, slimy feces or showed nervous signs, but the condition always had a fatal outcome within 24 h. When larger colonies of guinea pigs were involved, the disease spread very rapidly unless treatment with ronidazole was initiated. Lesions consisted of a catarrhal or hemorrhagic inflammation of the colon and cecum (typhlitis). Electron microscopy demonstrated the presence of large numbers ofSerpulina-like organisms adhering to the cecal mucosae of these animals. Attempts to isolate the agents failed. The organisms did not stain by an immunofluorescence technique for the detection ofSerpulina hyodysenteriae. The present data provide evidence that intestinal Serpulina-like organisms can be important as a cause of disease in guinea pigs.

scholarly journals Radioautographic Studies of the Lymphocytic Bone Marrow

Blood ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 696-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID A. GRIFFITHS
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Tritiated Thymidine ◽  
Lewis Rats ◽  
Large Numbers

Abstract A method is described for producing large numbers of bone marrow lymphocytes in Lewis rats. The bone marrow of posthypoxic polycythemic rats contained larger numbers of lymphocytes than was found in mice and guinea pigs subjected to similar procedures. Autoradiographical studies on the rebound bone marrow, produced evidence that the majority of the lymphocytes were produced in situ, and that they were rapidly turning over. One hundred per cent labeling was achieved after thrice daily intraperitoneal injections of 3/4 µc, tritiated thymidine for 4 days.

scholarly journals ETIOLOGY OF YELLOW FEVER

1919 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 565-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideyo Noguchi
Keyword(s):  
Yellow Fever ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Gastrointestinal Mucosa ◽  
Marked Rise ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Early Appearance ◽  
Gingival Mucosa

By injecting into guinea pigs the blood of yellow fever cases occurring in Guayaquil a group of symptoms and lesions closely resembling those observed in human yellow fever were induced in a limited number of instances. Of 74 guinea pigs inoculated with specimens of blood from 27 cases of yellow fever, 8, representing 6 cases, came down with the symptoms; namely, a marked rise of temperature after a period of incubation averaging 3 to 6 days, with simultaneous suffusion of the capillaries, particularly of the conjunctivæs and soles, then preliminary hyperleucocytosis followed by progressive leucopenia, the early appearance of albumin and casts in the urine, which gradually diminishes in volume as the disease progresses. The fever lasts only a few days, rapidly dropping first to the normal and then usually to subnormal. At this period jaundice manifests itself in varying degrees of intensity, first in the scleras, then in the skin and the urine. Hemorrhages from the nasal or gingival mucosa or anus have been observed to occur during this period. Autopsies reveal deep jaundice throughout the entire tissue. The liver is fatty and yellow, the kidney hyperemic, and often swollen and hemorrhagic. Hemorrhagic spots were almost always found in the lungs and gastrointestinal mucosa. Guinea pigs are usually rather sensitive to the infection, though many appeared to be somewhat resistant and some even refractory. The injection of the yellow fever blood into ringtail monkeys, rabbits, cats, guatusas, weasels, and sloths among the mammalians, and pigeons, ground-doves, bluebirds, mantas, blackbirds, parrakeets, reedbirds, blancos, and toucans among the birds, gave negative results. In the blood, liver, and kidneys of the guinea pigs experimentally infected with the blood of yellow fever patients a minute organism was demonstrated which closely resembles in morphology the causative agent of infectious jaundice (Leptospira icterohamorrhagiæ). The leptospira transmitted from yellow fever cases to guinea pigs was found to induce similar symptoms and lesions upon further passage into normal guinea pigs. The leptospira obtained from cases of yellow fever has been givern the provisional name of Leptospira icteroides.

scholarly journals THE ANEMIA OF SCURVY

1932 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 971-979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stacy R. Mettier ◽  
William B. Chew
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Orange Juice ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Moderate Increase ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Mitotic Figures

1. Weight loss, progressive anemia, and a moderate increase in reticulated red blood cells occurred in seventeen guinea pigs on a diet deficient in vitamin C. 2. The histological changes of the bone marrow removed from guinea pigs with scurvy showed large numbers of erythrogenic cells, but scant evidence of active maturation to the adult erythrocyte. 3. A reticulocyte response was induced in guinea pigs with scurvy when fed orange juice daily. 4. The histological changes of the bone marrow removed from guinea pigs during the reticulocyte response showed large numbers of mitotic figures and relatively more adult red blood cells than in the bone marrow from guinea pigs with scurvy that had not been treated with orange juice. 5. It is concluded from this study that the anemia of experimentally induced scurvy in the guinea pig is largely dependent upon vitamin C deficiency resulting in retarded maturation of the red blood cell.

scholarly journals Glossina palpalis as a carrier of trypanosoma vivax in Uganda

1909 ◽  
Vol 82 (552) ◽  
pp. 63-66 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Short Note ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Tsetse Flies ◽  
Trypanosoma Vivax ◽  
The North ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Rats And Mice ◽  
Trypanosoma Gambiense ◽  
Glossina Palpalis

One of the important trypanosome diseases of cattle in uganda is that caused by Trypanosoma vivax (Ziemann). This species of trypanosome appears to be widely distributed in Central Africa. It has been reported from Senegal, the Sudan and Erthrea in the North, to Rhodesiain the South. It is fairly easily recognised on account of its extreme activity during life, its characteristic shape in stained specimens, and the fact that it only affects cattle, goats, and sheep ; while monleys, dogs, rabbits, guinea-pigs, rats and mice are refractory. Its carriers have usually been reported as tabanus and stomoxys. This short note is written to place on record that fact, that in Uganda the tsetse flies, Glossina palpalis , which are found in large numbers on the Lake-shore, are infected, not only by Trypanosoma gambiense , the cause of sleeping sickness, but also by Trypanosoma vivax . The first experiment which showed that these tsetse flies are infected with the latter trypanosome was the following:-

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