scholarly journals Dynamics of Bacterial Hand Contamination During Routine Neonatal Care

2004 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 192-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmem Lúcia Pessoa-Silva ◽  
Sasi Dharan ◽  
Stéphane Hugonnet ◽  
Sylvie Touveneau ◽  
Klara Posfay-Barbe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Neonatal Care ◽  
Dominant Hand ◽  
Commensal Flora ◽  
Skin Contact ◽  
Skin Flora ◽  
Before And After

AbstractObjective:To evaluate the dynamics of bacterial contamination of healthcare workers' (HCWs) hands during neonatal care.Setting:The 20-bed neonatal unit of a large acute care teaching hospital in Geneva, Switzerland.Methods:Structured observation sessions were conducted. A sequence of care began when the HCW performed hand hygiene and ended when the activity changed or hand hygiene was performed again. Alcohol-based handrub was the standard procedure for hand hygiene. An imprint of the five fingertips of the dominant hand was obtained before and after hand hygiene and at the end of a sequence of care. Regression methods were used to model the final bacterial count according to the type and duration of care and the use of gloves.Results:One hundred forty-nine sequences of care were observed. Commensal skin flora comprised 72.4% of all culture-positive specimens (n = 360). Other microorganisms identified were Enterobacteriaceae (n = 55, 13.8%); Staphylococcus aureus (n = 10, 2.5%); and fungi (n = 7,1.8%). Skin contact, respiratory care, and diaper change were independently associated with an increased bacterial count; the use of gloves did not fully protect HCWs' hands from bacterial contamination.Conclusions:These data confirm that hands become progressively contaminated with commensal flora and potential pathogens during neonatal care, and identify activities at higher risk for hand contamination. They also reinforce the need for hand hygiene after a sequence of care, before starting a different task, and after glove removal.

scholarly journals The impact of a ‘milking the COW’ campaign in a regional hospital in Singapore

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Surinder Kaur M. S. Pada ◽  
Poh Lishi ◽  
Kim Sim Ng ◽  
Sarathamani Rethenam ◽  
Lilibeth Silagan Alenton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Mixed Model Analysis ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Skin Flora ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Computerisation of various processes in hospitals and reliance on electronic devices raises the concern of contamination of these devices from the patient environment. We undertook this study to determine if an attached hand hygiene device that unlocks the screen of a computer on wheels (COW) on usage can be effective in decreasing the microbiological burden on computer keyboards. Methods An electronic hand sanitizer was integrated onto the COW. A prospective cohort study with a crossover design involving 2 control and 2 intervention wards was used. The study end point was the number of colony forming units found on the keyboards. Bacteria were classified into 4 main groups; pathogenic, skin flora, from the environment or those thought to be commensals in healthy individuals. We then used a mixed effects model for the statistical analysis to determine if there were any differences before and after the intervention. Results Thirty-nine keyboards were swabbed at baseline, day 7 and 14, with 234 keyboards cultured, colony forming units (CFUs) counted and organisms isolated. By mixed model analysis, the difference of mean bacteria count between intervention and control for week 1 was 32.74 (− 32.74, CI − 94.29 to 28.75, p = 0.29), for week 2 by 155.86 (− 155.86, CI − 227.45 to − 83.53, p < 0.0001), and after the 2-week period by 157.04 (− 157.04, CI − 231.53 to − 82.67, p < 0.0001). In the sub-analysis, there were significant differences of pathogenic bacteria counts for the Intervention as compared to the Control in contrast with commensal counts. Conclusion A hand hygiene device attached to a COW may be effective in decreasing the microbiological burden on computer keyboards.

scholarly journals Bacterial contamination of the surgical mask and forehead in aerosol-producing conservative-preventive dental treatment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madline Gund ◽  
Gabor Boros ◽  
Matthias Hannig ◽  
Sigrid Thieme-Ruffing ◽  
Barbara Gärtner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Dental Practitioners ◽  
Skin Flora ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Preventive Dental ◽  
Skin Samples ◽  
Dental Professionals

Abstract Background Microbial contamination of dental professionals’ facial protective equipment and skin from aerosols and droplets generated during dental treatment has not been studied in all aspects so far. Our aim was therefore to investigate and compare treatment-related bacterial contamination of the forehead skin and surgical mask of dental practitioners. Methods We analyzed samples from 67 consecutive aerosol-producing conservative-preventive dental treatments. Sterile nylon swabs were used to collect samples from the forehead skin before and after performing treatment. Contact samples were obtained from the used surgical face masks. Samples were cultivated on agar under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Bacteria were classified by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The frequency of detection of obligate and facultative oral bacteria, as well as an increase in bacterial abundance, were examined (bacterial scoring: 0: no growth on agar; 1: <102 colonies; 2: >102 colonies; 3: dense bacterial growth). Results Bacteria were detected in 95% of the skin swabs and 76% of mask samples. Median bacterial scores were 2 for the forehead skin samples before and after treatment, and 1 for samples obtained from masks. Obligate and facultative oral bacteria were more frequent (6% and 30%) in samples from forehead skin after treatment. Samples taken from the forehead skin after treatment showed increased scores for these bacteria (28%). Five percent of samples were positive for methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA). Obligate anaerobes were present in 3% of samples. Conclusions Although exposed during treatment, the forehead skin was significantly less contaminated with obligate oral bacteria than expected based on the surgical face mask findings. Forehead skin samples showed an increase in bacteria in the after treatment, which can be attributed to aerosol-producing procedures. We hypothesize that the forehead’s physiological skin flora may offer some protection against contamination with other microorganisms.

scholarly journals A Study on Hand Contamination and Hand Washing Practices among Medical Students

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Watutantrige Ranjit De Alwis ◽  
Premalatha Pakirisamy ◽  
Lum Wai San ◽  
Evelyn Chen Xiaofen
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Dominant Hand ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Transmit Disease

Harmful microorganisms can be transferred to hands from contaminated surfaces people come into contact in daily life. Contaminated hands can transmit disease to one self as well as to others. A study was done to determine the extent to which hand hygiene practices and toilet door knobs contribute to the bacterial load of hands of toilet users in a medical school. Swabs were taken from a randomly selected sample of 60 medical students for bacterial count from both hands before and after toilet use and from door knobs of six toilets. Only 40 (66.7%) claimed they washed hands with soap. Significantly more females (83%) used soap to wash hands compared to males (50%). Bacterial load in the hands of both males and females showed an increase after toilet use. The increase was significant among male students. The dominant hand had a significantly higher bacterial load than the other. The mean bacterial load of male toilet door knobs (12 CFU/cm2) were significantly higher than of female toilet door knobs (2.5 CFU/cm2) (P<0.05). Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from the hands of 21 students. Toilets and washrooms should be designed so as to eliminate the sources of contamination of the hands.

scholarly journals Impact of Educational Intervention for Hand Hygiene on Dental Students’ Knowledge, Attitude, and Bacterial Contamination Level on Hands

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 1164-1172
Author(s):  
Hanadi Lingawi ◽  
Yahia Maher ◽  
Ibtesam Afifi
Keyword(s):  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Educational Intervention ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Dominant Hand ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude

ABSTRACT Aim The present study aimed to investigate the impact of the educational intervention for hand hygiene (HH) on knowledge, attitude, and mean colony-forming bacterial counts and type of bacteria on hands of undergraduate dental students. Materials and methods A total of 86 dental students from different clinical grades were included in the study. They were divided into two groups, group I (55 students) received onetime educational session for HH at the start of the academic year and group II (31 students) received an extra reenforcement session 6 months later. After 2 weeks of reenforcement session, a self-administrated questionnaire was directed to all participants assessing their knowledge and attitude about HH. Fingertip prints of the five fingers of the dominant hand from every participant were pressed onto blood agar plates in triplets at the same clinical session, before and after HH. Bacterial colony-forming units (CFUs) on each plate were recorded and identified microbiologically. Results The overall scores of knowledge and attitude showed higher levels in group II than in group I with nonsignificant differences between both groups as regards knowledge and significant differences (p < 0.05) as regards attitude. Mean CFUs showed extremely significant differences (p ≤ 0.000) between 2nd and 3rd counts and between 1st and 2nd counts except for students of group I where the difference was only significant (p ≤ 0.05). Normal bacterial flora was identified in 94.9% of the plates (92.2% coagulase-negative Staphylococci and 2.7% Micrococcus). Potentially pathogenic bacteria isolated from the other plates were Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas spp., and spore-forming aerobic nonhemolytic Bacilli. Conclusion Reenforcement session had a positive impact on HH knowledge, attitude, and reduction of bacterial CFUs. Clinical significance Continuous education with frequent training sessions is recommended to reinforce HH compliance and reduce cross-contamination. How to cite this article Lingawi H, Maher Y, Afifi I. Impact of Educational Intervention for Hand Hygiene on Dental Students’ Knowledge, Attitude, and Bacterial Contamination Level on Hands. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(12):1164-1172.

Bacterial Contamination of Computer and Hand Hygiene Compliance in the Emergency Department

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 387-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
DY Hong ◽  
SO Park ◽  
KR Lee ◽  
KJ Baek ◽  
HW Moon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Hand Hygiene Compliance ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽  
Multiple User ◽  
Computer Equipment ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Hygiene Compliance

Introduction The aim of this study was to determine the degree and nature of bacterial contamination of computer equipment in three Korean emergency departments (ED). Methods Hand hygiene practices of ED doctors and nurses were observed before contact with computer equipment. Microbiological swab samples were obtained from 112 multiple-user computer keyboards and electronic mice in the ED of three teaching hospitals. Isolated organisms were identified by a clinical microbiologist using Gram stain, colony morphology, and susceptibility test. Results Of the 112 samples, 103 (92.0%) showed growth of organisms on culture. Thirty-eight (33.9%) pieces of computer equipment yielded multiple bacterial species. Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus was the most common microorganism isolated (85.7%). Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was obtained from two keyboards in two hospitals (1.8%). Hand hygiene compliance was observed on 29.9% occasions. Hand hygiene compliance after patient contact (38.0%) was higher than after other environmental contact (20.7%). Conclusions Multiple user computer equipment in the ED may serve as reservoirs for nosocomial infection. Hand hygiene should be performed before and after using all ED equipment, including computer equipment.

scholarly journals Hand Washing Before and After Applying Different Hand Hygiene Techniques in Places of Public Concern in Tripoli-Libya

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 364-375
Author(s):  
Mohamed R. Alsagher ◽  
Sally A. Soudah ◽  
Asma E. Khsheba ◽  
Sara M. Fadel ◽  
Masara A. Dadiesh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Dominant Hand ◽  
Public Concern ◽  
Bacterial Counts ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Hand Antisepsis ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Background:Hand hygiene has being considered as one of the primary measures to improve standards and practice for hospital care and to minimize the transmission of nosocomial pathogens. There is substantial evidence that incidence of hospital acquired infections is reduced by applying hand antisepsis. Regarding hand hygiene and public concern, hand washing has revealed that 85% of the observed adults wash their hands after using public toilets.Objective:To compare the efficacy of hand rubbing with an alcohol based solution versus conventional hand washing with antiseptic and non-antiseptic soaps in reducing bacterial counts using different hand hygiene techniques.Methods:Ninety-three volunteers took part in this study; 57 from Tripoli Medical Center (TMC); 16 from school; 11 from bank; and 9 from office. All volunteers performed six hand hygiene techniques, immediately before and after a volunteer practice activity: hand washing with non-antiseptic soap for 10 and 30 second (s); hand washing with antiseptic soap for 10, 30 or 60 s; and alcohol-based hand rub. A total of 864 specimens were taken: 432 before and 432 after volunteer's hand hygiene. The fingertips of the dominant hand for each volunteer were pressed on to agar for culture before and after each hand hygiene technique. Plates were incubated at 37oC, and colony-forming units were counted after 48 hours and pathogenic bacteria were identified.Results:Results showed that 617 specimens (71.41%) were positive for bacterial growth. 301 (48.78%) were from TMC, 118 (19.12%) were from office; 107 (14.34%) were from school and 91 (14.75%) were from bank.Conclusion:Both antiseptic and non–antiseptic soaps did not work properly in reducing bacterial counts of worker’s hands at all places of study, but significantly improved by an application of alcohol based gel.

Introducing Alcohol-Based Hand Rub for Hand Hygiene The Critical Need for Training

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas F. Widmer ◽  
Martin Conzelmann ◽  
Milanka Tomic ◽  
Reno Frei ◽  
Anne M. Stranden
Keyword(s):  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Reduction Factor ◽  
Bacterial Killing ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

Background.Use of an alcohol-based hand rub for hand hygiene has recently been recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. However, the proper technique for using hand rub has not been well described and is not routinely taught in hospitals.Objective.To evaluate the impact of training on proper technique as outlined by the European Standard for testing alcohol-based hand rubs (European Norm 1500) in a clinical study.Design, Setting, and Patients.Prospective study including 180 healthcare workers (HCWs) in a 450-bed, university-affiliated geriatric hospital where alcohol-based hand rub was introduced in the late 1970s.Intervention.Structured training program in hand hygiene with alcohol-based hand rub. Technique for using hand rub was tested by the addition of a fluorescent dye to the disinfectant and the number of areas missed was quantified by a validated visual assessment method. In addition, the number of bacteria eradicated was estimated by calculating the difference between the log10 number of colony-forming units (cfu) of bacteria on the fingertips before and after the procedure, and reported as reduction factor (RF).Main Outcome Measure.Log10 cfu bacterial counts on fingertips before and after training in the appropriate technique for using hand rub.Results.At baseline, only 31% of HCWs used proper technique, yielding a low RF of 1.4 log10 cfu bacterial count. Training improved HCW compliance to 74% and increased the RF to 2.2 log10 cfu bacterial count, an increase of almost 50% (P < .001). Several factors, such as applying the proper amount of hand rub, were significantly associated with the increased RF.Conclusion.These results demonstrate that education on the proper technique for using hand rub, as outlined in EN 1500, can significantly increase the degree of bacterial killing.

The impact of a multimodel approach to designing a new orthopedic department

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Elad Keren ◽  
Abraham Borer ◽  
Lior Nesher ◽  
Tali Shafat ◽  
Rivka Yosipovich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Antibiotic Stewardship ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Orthopedic Department ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objective: To determine whether a multifaceted approach effectively influenced antibiotic use in an orthopedics department. Design: Retrospective cohort study comparing the readmission rate and antibiotic use before and after an intervention. Setting: A 1,000-bed, tertiary-care, university hospital. Patients: Adult patients admitted to the orthopedics department between January 2015 and December 2018. Methods: During the preintervention period (2015–2016), 1 general orthopedic department was in operation. In the postintervention period (2017–2018), 2 separate departments were created: one designated for elective “clean” surgeries and another that included a “complicated wound” unit. A multifaceted strategy including infection prevention measures and introducing antibiotic stewardship practices was implemented. Admission rates, hand hygiene practice compliance, surgical site infections, and antibiotic treatment before versus after the intervention were analyzed. Results: The number of admissions and hospitalization days in the 2 periods did not change. Seven-day readmissions per annual quarter decreased significantly from the preintervention period (median, 7 days; interquartile range [IQR], 6–9) to the postintervention period (median, 4 days; IQR, 2–7; P = .038). Hand hygiene compliance increased and surgical site infections decreased in the postintervention period. Although total antibiotic use was not reduced, there was a significant change in the breakdown of the different antibiotic classes used before and after the intervention: increased use of narrow-spectrum β-lactams (P < .001) and decreased use of β-lactamase inhibitors (P < .001), third-generation cephalosporins (P = .044), and clindamycin (P < .001). Conclusions: Restructuring the orthopedics department facilitated better infection prevention measures accompanied by antibiotic stewardship implementation, resulting in a decreased use of broad-spectrum antibiotics and a significant reduction in readmission rates.

scholarly journals Bacteriological Safety of Blood Collected for Transfusion at University of Gondar Hospital Blood Bank, Northwest Ethiopia

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hailegebriel Wondimu ◽  
Zelalem Addis ◽  
Feleke Moges ◽  
Yitayal Shiferaw
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Blood Bank ◽  
Bacterial Isolation ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test

Background. Transfusion associated bacterial infection has remained more frequent with a sever risk of morbidity and mortality. This study assessed the bacteriological safety of blood collected for transfusion. Method. A cross-sectional study was conducted at University of Gondar hospital blood bank from December 2011 to June 2012. Bacterial isolation, identification, and antimicrobial susceptibility tests were done as per the standard procedure. Chi-square test and P value were used to assess associations between risk factors and the bacterial isolation rate. Results. Twenty-one (15.33%) blood units were found contaminated with bacteria, and 95.24% contamination was due to external sources. The commonly isolated bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus, Coagulase negative Staphylococci, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella species, Streptococci species, Enterobacter species, and Citrobacter species. All of the bacteria isolated were 100% sensitive to Gentamicin, Chloramphenicol, Amoxicillin, and Doxycycline. Multiple antimicrobial resistances were observed in 66.7% of the isolates. Not using glove by phlebotomist, touching disinfected phlebotomy site and double puncture at the same hand or both hands of a donor were found to be risk factors for bacterial contamination. Conclusion. Bacterial contamination of blood to be transfused is a common problem in the hospital. So attention should be given to activities performed at the blood bank for safe transfusion practices.

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