Determination of the parameters  Iandliin a Tokamak for arbitrary shape of plasma pinch cross-section

1971 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 757-762 ◽  
Author(s):  
V D Shafranov
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Arbitrary Shape ◽  
Plasma Pinch

Photothermal Determination of Absorption and Scattering Spectra of Silver Nanoparticles

2017 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aristides Marcano Olaizola
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Arbitrary Shape ◽  
Extinction Cross Section ◽  
Absorption Component ◽  
Reduced Dimensions ◽  
Scattering Effects ◽  
Scattering Spectra ◽  
Different Dimensions

This work reports on photothermal lens spectra of silver nanoparticles of different dimensions in the spectral region of 370–730 nm performed using an arc-lamp-based photothermal spectrophotometer. We show that the photothermal and extinction cross-section spectra of the samples are similar for nanoparticles of reduced dimensions where scattering effects are small. The results differ substantially for nanoparticles of a diameter larger than 30 nm for which scattering becomes relevant. We demonstrate that the photothermal spectrum corresponds to the absorption component of the particle’s extinction. Photothermal spectra show a clear picture of the plasmonic peaks of the nanoparticle even in the presence of high scattering. By subtracting the photothermal component from the total extinction, we extract the scattering cross-section spectra of the nanoparticles. The technique allows determination of the absorption and scattering components of the extinction providing a better understanding of the particle’s optical properties. The results agree well with the Mie approximation, which is valid for a single spherical nanoparticle. We discuss and demonstrate the application of the method to characterize particles of arbitrary shape and dimensions.

A quantitative approach to inner shell losses

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 526-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.D. Leapman ◽  
P. Rez ◽  
D.F. Mayers
Keyword(s):  
Energy Transfer ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Background Intensity ◽  
Core Excitation ◽  
Quantitative Basis ◽  
Cross Section Differential ◽  
Bound Electrons

Microanalysis by EELS has been developing rapidly and though the general form of the spectrum is now understood there is a need to put the technique on a more quantitative basis (1,2). Certain aspects important for microanalysis include: (i) accurate determination of the partial cross sections, σx(α,ΔE) for core excitation when scattering lies inside collection angle a and energy range ΔE above the edge, (ii) behavior of the background intensity due to excitation of less strongly bound electrons, necessary for extrapolation beneath the signal of interest, (iii) departures from the simple hydrogenic K-edge seen in L and M losses, effecting σx and complicating microanalysis. Such problems might be approached empirically but here we describe how computation can elucidate the spectrum shape.The inelastic cross section differential with respect to energy transfer E and momentum transfer q for electrons of energy E0 and velocity v can be written as

Profil Penyakit Malaria Di Rumah Sakit Islam Siti Rahmah Padang Tahun 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 08-15
Author(s):  
Rahma Triyana ◽  
Salmi Salmi
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
Severity Of The Disease

Malaria is one of the health problems in Indonesia, especially West Sumatra. Determination of the description of Malaria disease in an area is needed to determine the spread and severity of the disease. This study aims to determine the frequency distribution according to age, sex and place of residence, description of the types of Plasmodium causes of Malaria and hematological features in Malaria patients at Siti Rahmah Padang Hospital in 2018. This type of research is a descriptive observational study with an approach or design cross section (cross sectional). The frequency distribution of Malaria sufferers in Siti Rahmah Padang Hospital in 2018 according to the highest age was in the age group 21-30 years as many as 28 cases (36.8%), the highest sex among men was 46 (60.5%) and the highest number of residences was found in Koto Tangah sub-district there were 31 cases (40.8%). The type of Plasmodium found in Malaria cases in Siti Rahmah Padang Hospital in 2018 was P. vivax (73 cases (96.05%)) and P. falciparum (3 cases (3.95%)). The results of laboratory tests on Hb, hematocrit, platelet and leukocyte levels in Malaria positive patients in Siti Rahmah Padang Hospital in 2018 were in the normal range.

Profil Penyakit Malaria di Rumah Sakit Islam Siti Rahmah Padang Tahun 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 08-15
Author(s):  
Rahma Triyana Y ◽  
Salmi Salmi
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
Severity Of The Disease

Malaria is one of the health problems in Indonesia, especially West Sumatra. Determination of the description of Malaria disease in an area is needed to determine the spread and severity of the disease. This study aims to determine the frequency distribution according to age, sex and place of residence, description of the types of Plasmodium causes of Malaria and hematological features in Malaria patients at Siti Rahmah Padang Hospital in 2018. This type of research is a descriptive observational study with an approach or design cross section (cross sectional). The frequency distribution of Malaria sufferers in Siti Rahmah Padang Hospital in 2018 according to the highest age was in the age group 21-30 years as many as 28 cases (36.8%), the highest sex among men was 46 (60.5%) and the highest number of residences was found in Koto Tangah sub-district there were 31 cases (40.8%). The type of Plasmodium found in Malaria cases in Siti Rahmah Padang Hospital in 2018 was P. vivax (73 cases (96.05%)) and P. falciparum (3 cases (3.95%)). The results of laboratory tests on Hb, hematocrit, platelet and leukocyte levels in Malaria positive patients in Siti Rahmah Padang Hospital in 2018 were in the normal range.

scholarly journals New Method for Analysis of the Temporomandibular Joint Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 3070
Author(s):  
Sebastian Iwaszenko ◽  
Jakub Munk ◽  
Stefan Baron ◽  
Adam Smoliński
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Temporomandibular Joint ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Section Plane ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Volume Of Interest ◽  
Gap Width

Modern dentistry commonly uses a variety of imaging methods to support diagnosis and treatment. Among them, cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is particularly useful in presenting head structures, such as the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). The determination of the morphology of the joint is an important part of the diagnosis as well as the monitoring of the treatment results. It can be accomplished by measurement of the TMJ gap width at three selected places, taken at a specific cross-section. This study presents a new approach to these measurements. First, the CBCT images are denoised using curvilinear methods, and the volume of interest is determined. Then, the orientation of the vertical cross-section plane is computed based on segmented axial sections of the TMJ head. Finally, the cross-section plane is used to determine the standardized locations, at which the width of the gap between condyle and fossa is measured. The elaborated method was tested on selected TMJ CBCT scans with satisfactory results. The proposed solution lays the basis for the development of an autonomous method of TMJ index identification.

Determination of collapse moment of different angled pipe bends with initial geometric imperfection subjected to in-plane bending moments

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440622199640
Author(s):  
Manish Kumar ◽  
Pronab Roy ◽  
Kallol Khan
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Circular Cross Section ◽  
Initial Imperfection ◽  
Bend Angle ◽  
Bending Moments ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Geometric Imperfection ◽  
Initial Geometric Imperfection

From the recent literature, it is revealed that pipe bend geometry deviates from the circular cross-section due to pipe bending process for any bend angle, and this deviation in the cross-section is defined as the initial geometric imperfection. This paper focuses on the determination of collapse moment of different angled pipe bends incorporated with initial geometric imperfection subjected to in-plane closing and opening bending moments. The three-dimensional finite element analysis is accounted for geometric as well as material nonlinearities. Python scripting is implemented for modeling the pipe bends with initial geometry imperfection. The twice-elastic-slope method is adopted to determine the collapse moments. From the results, it is observed that initial imperfection has significant impact on the collapse moment of pipe bends. It can be concluded that the effect of initial imperfection decreases with the decrease in bend angle from 150∘ to 45∘. Based on the finite element results, a simple collapse moment equation is proposed to predict the collapse moment for more accurate cross-section of the different angled pipe bends.

scholarly journals A thermo-mechanical machining method for improving the accuracy and stability of the geometric shape of long low-rigidity shafts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoni Świć ◽  
Arkadiusz Gola ◽  
Łukasz Sobaszek ◽  
Natalia Šmidová
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Mechanical Treatment ◽  
Geometric Shape ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
Thermo Mechanical Treatment ◽  
Mechanical Machining ◽  
Simultaneous Heat ◽  
Accuracy And Stability

AbstractThe article presents a new thermo-mechanical machining method for the manufacture of long low-rigidity shafts which combines straightening and heat treatment operations. A fixture for thermo-mechanical treatment of long low-rigidity shafts was designed and used in tests which involved axial straightening of shafts combined with a quenching operation (performed to increase the corrosion resistance of the steel used as stock material). The study showed that an analysis of the initial deflections of semi-finished shafts of different dimensions and determination of the maximum corrective deflection in the device could be used as a basis for performing axial straightening of shaft workpieces with simultaneous heat treatment and correction of the initial deflection of the workpiece. The deflection is corrected by stretching the fibers of the stock material, at any cross-section of the shaft, up to the yield point and generating residual stresses symmetrical to the axis of the workpiece. These processes allow to increase the accuracy and stability of the geometric shape of the shaft.

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