scholarly journals Formalization of target invariants and designing an adaptive control system for the model of anaerobic biological wastewater treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 2099 (1) ◽  
pp. 012035
Author(s):  
A A Fomenkova ◽  
A A Klucharev ◽  
S I Kolesnikova
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Target System ◽  
Adaptive Control System ◽  
System Behavior ◽  
Random Disturbances ◽  
Mathematical Equations ◽  
Energy Saving Control ◽  
Object Behavior ◽  
Controlled Object

Abstract A model of a two-step anaerobic fermentation in a bioreactor-mixer, whose mathematical description is a system of nonlinear mathematical equations, is discussed. The purpose is to design an algorithm of an energy-saving control relying on the principles of nonlinear adaptation on target manifolds with an attractive property, which are referred to as invariants or invariable laws of the target system behavior for the object under study. A necessary preliminary step is the formalization of possible target invariants in the form of prescribed (desired) laws of the controlled object behavior. An example is given of designing a vector regulator with a compensation of random disturbances over the control channel in a system of anaerobic biological waste water treatment.

scholarly journals New mixtures and technologies for biogas production at biogas plants of agricultural type processing livestock slurry

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 62-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kára ◽  
Z. Pastorek ◽  
J. Mazancová ◽  
I. Hanzlíková
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Waste Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Municipal Sludge

The basis of the biogas production in agriculture is the processing of waste agricultural products (particularly excrements of farm animals but also phytomass). Different but rather similar is the biogas production from biologically degradable municipal waste (BDMW) and biologically degradable industrial waste (BDIW) coming mainly from food industry. The processing of these wastes in agricultural biogas stations could significantly improve their economy. It is necessary to note that all these biogas stations differ from the wastewater cleaning plants where municipal sludge water from public sewers is processed. The municipal sludge water processing to biogas by anaerobic fermentation is a classical technology introduced all over the world. At present, about 100 wastewater cleaning plants operate in the Czech Republic using regular sludge processing into biogas. Electricity produced is utilised mainly for the needs of own operation of waste water treatment plant (WWTP), partly it is sold into public power net. The heat energy is used for heating in the process and its surplus is utilised for operational and administrative facilities. Usually, the heat and electricity quantities produced do not cover the wastewater cleaning plant operation. Agricultural biogas stations and biogas stations for BDMW processing provide considerably higher gas yields because they work with higher dry matter contents in substratum, i.e. 8–12% (compared with waste water treatment plants – 2–6%), and are able to produce high gas surpluses for following applications. Frequently discussed issue are the processing of slaughter waste and grass (or public green areas at biogas stations).

Design and Research of Energy Saving Control System for Heating Network

2012 ◽  
Vol 591-593 ◽  
pp. 1405-1409
Author(s):  
Hong Xing Sun ◽  
Chuang Gao ◽  
Xin Yan
Keyword(s):  
Pid Control ◽  
Control Algorithm ◽  
Single Neuron ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Loop Model ◽  
Control Effect ◽  
Central Heating ◽  
Single Neuron Pid ◽  
Energy Saving Control ◽  
Controlled Object

In the central heating system, because the controlled object has the characteristics of time-varying, nonlinear, strong coupling and big lag. The traditional single loop model and the conventional PID control algorithm are difficult to react the mechanism and meet the control requirements. Therefore a model of multiplex heating network is established. By comparing the single neuron PID control algorithm with the traditional PID control algorithm, the results show that the single neuron PID control algorithm has a better control effect.

A Fault Injection System Based on QEMU Simulator and Designed for BIT Software Testing

2013 ◽  
Vol 347-350 ◽  
pp. 580-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Li ◽  
Ping Xu ◽  
Han Wan
Keyword(s):  
Fault Injection ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Target System ◽  
System Behavior ◽  
Dependable Systems ◽  
Arm Processor ◽  
Do No Harm ◽  
Real Hardware ◽  
Embedded Development ◽  
Complex Computer

An important step in the development of dependable systems is the validation of their fault tolerance properties. Fault injection has been widely used for this purpose. This paper presents a simulator implemented fault injection and monitoring environment based on the QEMU platform, called BitVaSim, which is targeted for the embedded development boards equipped with PowerPC or ARM processor together with Built-In Test software operating environment.BitVaSim takes advantage of simulation and do no harm or irruption to either the real hardware or the software, in addition, all the simulated parts are reachable so that more fault modes are available to achieve.BitVaSim uses abstract key-value pairs to describe the functional fault modes, and then simulates the hardware board as while as realistic faults incurred by hardware into the simulator, in order to monitor the activation of the faults and their impact on the target system especially the BIT system behavior in detail. Fault injection interfaces are configured to implement failure mode matching and fault conditions triggering to inject faults on demand in simulator runtime.Faults injected by BitVaSim can affect any process running on the target system (including the kernel), and it is possible to inject faults in applications for which the source code is not available.Experimental results are presented to demonstrate the accuracy and potential of BitVaSim in the evaluation of the dependability properties of the complex computer systems and the BIT system.

scholarly journals Infuence of Selected Pharmaceuticals on Biogas Production in Mesophilic Anaerobic Fermentation

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (48) ◽  
pp. 149-157
Author(s):  
Kristína Šefčovičová ◽  
Igor Bodík ◽  
Veronika Kvorková ◽  
Juraj Michálek ◽  
Andrey Korshunov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Waste Water Treatment Plant ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Anaerobic Reactors

Abstract This article deals with pharmaceutical compounds as micropollutants in anaerobic digestion of sludge from waste water treatment plant (WWTP). Part of the work included the research into presence of pharmaceuticals in different types of waters. Description of anaerobic fermentation process is also important in terms of optimal conditions. The practical aim of the investigation was preparation of a model of anaerobic fermentation of sewage sludge, where influence of pharmaceuticals on mesophilic anaerobic digestion was monitored. Wash out of micropollutants from sludge in big semicontinuous anaerobic reactors was running since October 2013. The resulting non-adapted sludge from mesophilic reactor was used since March 2014 for pharmaceuticals tests in half-a-litre glass bottles with a septum cap. The compounds of interest were diclofenac, tramadol, ibuprofen, carbamazepine and amoxicillin and their concentration in the tested sludge was 10 μg/L and 500 μg/L. The results showed that pharmaceuticals have different influence on the amount of produced biogas even if they are from the same therapeutic group. In the low concentration, the inhibition was present for diclofenac, carbamazepine and amoxicillin, at the high concentration, while diclofenac showed almost no influence. Other compounds caused a stimulative effect on the process. The mixture of all pharmaceuticals of interest in low concentration was stimulative at first, while it was inhibotory since mid-time of the test.

Towards Systematization

1977 ◽  
Vol 16 (03) ◽  
pp. 125-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. Reichertz
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
User Involvement ◽  
Empirical Science ◽  
Target System ◽  
General Strategy ◽  
System Construction ◽  
Formal Approach ◽  
Methodology Development ◽  
Planning Development

Data processing has become an important tool in theoretical and clinical medicine. The main categories of applications are : information analysis, (bio)signal processing and the field of information logistics (information systems).The problems encountered lie in the discrepancy of the basic methods of a formal approach to an empirical science, the complexity of the target system and the system ecology, i.e. the involvement of the user and the system environment during system construction and utilization.Possible solutions to these problems are the application of system techniques, inductive planning, development of medical methodology, development of methods and techniques for user involvement and assessment of motivation and education and educational planning.The necessary general strategy in the development in medical informatics is seen in the continuing systematization of the theoretical and practical approach. It is estimated that this will eventually contribute to the systematization of medical science and practice.

The method of determining the metrological performance of unit reference standards of reflection coefficient in waveguides at millimeter waves

2020 ◽  
pp. 59-63
Author(s):  
A.S. Bondarenko ◽  
A.S. Borovkov ◽  
I.M. Malay ◽  
V.A. Semyonov
Keyword(s):  
Reflection Coefficient ◽  
Millimeter Waves ◽  
Primary Standard ◽  
Reference Standards ◽  
Measurement Scale ◽  
Current State ◽  
Coefficient Measurement ◽  
Mathematical Equations ◽  
Electrodynamic Modeling ◽  
Metrological Performance

The analysis of the current state of the reflection coefficient measurements in waveguides at millimeter waves is carried out. An approach for solving the problem of reproducing the reflection coefficient measurement scale is proposed. Mathematical equations, which are the basis of the reflection coefficient measurement equation are obtained. The method of determining the metrological performance of reflection coefficient unit’s reference standards is developed. The results of electrodynamic modeling and analytical calculations by the developed method are compared. It is shown that this method can be used for reproducing the reflection coefficient unit in the development of the State primary standard.

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