scholarly journals The effect of replacing iron atoms instead of zinc of the quaternary compound CZTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 2114 (1) ◽  
pp. 012033
Author(s):  
Abubaker.S. Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Full Width Half Maximum ◽  
Energy Gap ◽  
Film Surface ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Quaternary Compound ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Coating Method ◽  
Degree Of Crystallization ◽  
High Degree

Abstract In this article, the quaternary compound Cu2MSnS4 was prepared in a simple and inexpensive approach, where M is the iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) atoms by the spin coating method on a glass substrate at room temperature (RT), as a result of replacing Zn atoms by Fe. Quaternary Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) and Cu2FeSrS4 (CFTS) structural and optical properties have been studied successfully. The material has been identified by X-ray diffraction, and it was discovered that CZTS has a polycrystalline Tetragonal (kesterite) structure, whereas CFTS has a Tetragonal (stannite) structure. A reduction in the full width half maximum (FWHM) of the preferred plane implies a high degree of crystallization. The structural properties of the film surface, such as grain size and roughness, were studied by Atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results explain an increase in nanoparticle size and surface roughness when Fe is substituted by Zn in the CZTS structure. The absorption coefficient values of all designed compounds in visible regions are greater than 104/cm, and the results show that the absorbance coefficient increases with Fe add. The CZTS films showed an energy gap of 1.88 eV, and this value became 1.69 eV with substituted Fe instead of Zn.

Characteristics of Electron Transport Study of Composited Graphene-Zinc Oxide Thin Film Photoanode for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 307 ◽  
pp. 185-191
Author(s):  
Noor Syafiqah Samsi ◽  
N.A.S. Affendi ◽  
M.K. Yaakob ◽  
M.F.M. Taib ◽  
A. Lepit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Dye Sensitized Solar Cells ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Oxide Thin Film ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Zno Nanosheets ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Sensitized Solar Cells

Graphene-Zinc Oxide (Gr-ZnO) nanocomposites films were successfully synthesized via facile electrodeposition method in an aqueous solution under Gr concentration conditions. Gr, as a highly conductive carbon, acts as an anchor for ZnO nanosheets and plays a substantial role in controlling the degree of dispersion of ZnO nanosheets onto indium-doped tin oxide (ITO) substrate to form Gr-ZnO nanocomposite. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) analysis of Gr-ZnO nanocomposite samples confirmed that the presence of ZnO nanosheets with a high degree of dispersity and crystallinity which is well linked to the thin layer of Gr nanoparticle on ITO substrate. The surface roughness of the films found increased to ~270 nm on Gr-ZnO as compared to Gr ~44 nm and ZnO ~3 nm. Further, the x-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) analysis showed the result is in good agreement with Raman spectroscopy study. The cyclic voltammetry (CV) of Gr-ZnO nanocomposite revealed that the effect of electron-hole recombination process was increased and the presence of Gr in ZnO photoanode provides the fastest redox reaction and hence offers the fastest electron transfer in photoanode.

Facile synthesis of TiO2 film on glass for the photocatalytic removal of rhodamine B and tetracycline hydrochloride

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 437-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaxin Li ◽  
Zhi Chen ◽  
Jianfei Fang ◽  
Qian Yang ◽  
Xiuru Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Reaction System ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Photocatalytic Removal ◽  
Coating Method ◽  
Potential Applications

Photocatalysis is one of the efficient approaches for pollution control in water. However, the traditional photocatalysts used for the removal of organic pollutants are in powder form, which makes it difficult to recover them from the suspended reaction system. On the contrary, thin film photocatalyst is easy to be retrieved and possesses unique feature for practical application. In present work, stable TiO2 sol suspension was prepared and amorphous TiO2 thin film was then immobilized upon glass substrate through facile spin coating method. The thickness of film could be simply controlled by changing the number of coatings, and anatase TiO2 film could be formed after calcination. The prepared thin films were characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultravioletvisible spectrophotometry (UV-vis), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The photodegradations of organic pollutants including colored dye and colorless antibiotic were tested and found to be thickness-dependent. Additionally, the prepared film photocatalst has good stability and may have potential applications in wastewater treatment.

scholarly journals Investigation of WO3 Electrodeposition Leading to Nanostructured Thin Films

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1493
Author(s):  
G. Mineo ◽  
F. Ruffino ◽  
S. Mirabella ◽  
E. Bruno
Keyword(s):  
Energy Gap ◽  
Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Tungstic Acid ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Cathodic Current ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Gap Measurement ◽  
Instantaneous Nucleation

Nanostructured WO3 represents a promising material for electrochromic and sensing devices. In this scenario, electrodeposition is a promising low-cost approach for careful production. The electrodeposition of tungsten oxide film from a peroxo-tungstic-acid (PTA) solution is investigated. WO3 is synthetized onto Indium doped Tin Oxide (ITO) substrates, in a variety of shapes, from a fragmentary, thin layer up to a thick continuous film. Samples were investigated by scanning electron (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS), X-ray Diffraction analysis (XRD), energy gap measurement. Electrodeposition current curves are compared with characterization results to model the growth process. Early stages of electrodeposition are characterized by a transient cathodic current revealing an instantaneous nucleation followed by a diffusion limited process. A quantitative analysis of W deposition rate and current at working electrode validates a microscopic model for WO3 electrodeposition driving the process towards nanostructured versus continuous WO3 film.

Investigation of ZnFe2O4 Nanoparticles Prepared by High Energy Milling

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Srinivasan ◽  
N. Kislov ◽  
Yu. Emirov ◽  
D. Y. Goswami ◽  
E. K. Stefanakos
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Energy Gap ◽  
Blue Shift ◽  
High Energy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Coefficient Estimation ◽  
Transmission Electron

Nanoparticles of Zinc Ferrite (ZnFe2O4) prepared by both wet- and dry- high-energy ball milling (HEBM), have been investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), surface area and pore size distribution (BET) and wavelength-dependent diffuse reflectance and scattering turned into absorption coefficient estimation using the Kubelka-Munk theory. It was found that after 72 hours of HEBM, the particle size was decreased from 220 nm for the initial material to 16.5 nm and 9.4 nm for the wet- and dry-milled samples, respectively. The optical absorption analysis revealed that the energy gap is increased (blue shift) by 0.45 eV for wet-milled and decreased (“anomalous” red shift) by 0.15 eV for dry-milled samples of ZnFe2O4 as the particle size decreased.

Preparation and Characterization of CuO Nanoparticles Prepared by Chemical Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 1021 ◽  
pp. 68-77
Author(s):  
Rashed T. Rasheed ◽  
Liblab S. Jassim ◽  
Hamsa A. Easa ◽  
Shaymaa H. Khazaal
Keyword(s):  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Energy Gap ◽  
Copper Chloride ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Ammonium Hydroxide ◽  
Cuo Nanoparticles ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Different Temperatures

Copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles were prepared by the sol-gel method, by the reaction of copper chloride and ammonium hydroxide as procurers. Nanopowders are annealing at different temperatures (100 °C, 200 °C, and 600 °C) for 120 min and confirmed the monoclinic phase by X-ray diffraction analysis of the metal oxide with lattice parameters a = 4.694 Å, b = 3.456 Å and c = 5.165Å for annealing temperature 400°C. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and UV-Visible Spectroscopy spectrum was used to determine the structure, average crystallize, and morphology. We found increasing in size and energy gap (Eg) from (62.95 nm to 106.84 nm) and from (1.72 eV to 1.49 eV), when annealing temperature increasing from 200 °C to 600 °C, respectively.

Spin Coating Effect on Structural and Morphological Properties for CdS/Glass Nanostructures

2014 ◽  
Vol 925 ◽  
pp. 175-179
Author(s):  
Y. Al-Douri
Keyword(s):  
Spin Coating ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Theoretical Data ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Interplaner Distance ◽  
Coating Method ◽  
Good Agreement

CdS/glass nanostructures are prepared at 400 °C by sol-gel spin coating method without catalyst. These nanostructures have been characterized by analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The grin size, full width half maxima, miller indices, strain, dislocation density, lattice constant and interplaner distance are measured. The measured and calculated results showed a good agreement with other experimental and theoretical data.

scholarly journals Studying the Effect of Annealing on Optical and Structure Properties of Zno Nanostructure Prepared by Laser Induced Plasma

2019 ◽  
pp. 2168-2176
Author(s):  
Safa Kamal Mustafa ◽  
Raied K. Jamal ◽  
Kadhim Abdulwahid Aadim
Keyword(s):  
Glass Substrate ◽  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Energy Gap ◽  
Hexagonal Structure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Laser Induced Plasma ◽  
Zno Nanostructure ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Uv Visible

In this paper, Zinc oxide were deposited on a glass substrate at room temperature (RT) and two annealing temperatures 350ºC and 500ºC using laser induced plasma technique. ZnO nanofilms of 200nm thickness have been deposited on glass substrate. X-RAY diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy and UV-visible spectrophotometer were used to analyze the results. XRD forms of ZnO nanostructure display hexagonal structure with three recognized peaks (100), (002), and (101) orientations at 500ºC annealing temperature. The optical properties of ZnO nanostructure were determined spectra. The energy gap was 3.1 eV at 300 oC and 3.25eV at 500ºC annealing temperature.

scholarly journals Highly c-axis Oriented ZnO Thin Films by Sol-gel Method

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taner Kutlu ◽  
Necdet H. Erdogan ◽  
Nazmi Sedefoglu ◽  
Hamide Kavak
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Optical Measurement ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Zno Films ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Coating Method

Abstract This study reports the effect of annealing temperature on the structural, morphological, and optical properties of ZnO (Zinc Oxide) thin films deposited on a glass substrate by the sol-gel spin coating method. Those properties of ZnO were examined with UV-Vis, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), before and after annealing. XRD results revealed that all the samples had a highly c-axis oriented wurtzite structure. A 1 (LO) mode in Raman spectra also confirmed the highly oriented ZnO films. Optical measurement indicated that transmittance of the films was above %85, and the optical band gap slightly decreased with the increasing annealing temperature from 350 to 550 °C. Morphological analysis displayed that increasing annealing temperature improved surface morphology and enlarged the grain size from 2-3 nm for as-deposited samples to 150 nm for annealed at 550 °C.

Characterization and Biocompatibility Evaluation of Hydroxyapatite Doped with Silver and/or Fluorine

2014 ◽  
Vol 96 ◽  
pp. 27-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verónica González-Torres ◽  
Edgar R. Méndez-Sánchez ◽  
Luis A. Gaitan-Cepeda ◽  
María E. Torres-Arellano ◽  
G. César Díaz-Trujillo
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Combustion Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Structural Rigidity ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Degree Of Crystallization

Hydroxyapatite [Ca5(PO4)3(OH)] is a form of calcium phosphate inorganic compound of great importance in the health area because of its presence in bone as in teeth where it provides structural rigidity to the matrix. Hydroxyapatite is often used in the biomaterial area as a primary material for implants that help regenerate tissues. The addition of doping agents may improve the degree of crystallization providing new characteristics to the material without losing its biocompatibility. The present study shows characterization results for a hydroxyapatite biomaterial doped with silver and/or fluorine prepared through combustion method. The mineralogy was determined using X-Ray diffraction identifying the following phases: Ca5(PO4)3OH, Ca2P2O7, Ag3PO4, Ca5(PO4)3F and CaF2; the oxidation state of elements was determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; the morphological structure was studied by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Biocompatibility tests through intramuscular and subcutaneous implantation were performed in rodents to evaluate inflammatory response at 7, 14 and 30 days.

Study on the Energy Structure of Amorphous Antireflection Er2O3 Films on Si(001) Substrates

2010 ◽  
Vol 663-665 ◽  
pp. 612-615
Author(s):  
Yan Yan Zhu ◽  
Ze Bo Fang ◽  
Ting Ji ◽  
Yong Sheng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Electronic Structure ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Energy Gap ◽  
Antireflection Coating ◽  
Energy Structure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force

Er2O3 films were deposited on Si(001) substrates by radio frequency magnetron technique. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy show the Er2O3 films obtained are stoichiometric, amorphous, and uniform. The electronic structure is studied which shows a large energy gap value of the Er2O3 film, indicating Er2O3 film could be a promising antireflection coating for solar cells.

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