Characteristics of Electron Transport Study of Composited Graphene-Zinc Oxide Thin Film Photoanode for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 307 ◽  
pp. 185-191
Author(s):  
Noor Syafiqah Samsi ◽  
N.A.S. Affendi ◽  
M.K. Yaakob ◽  
M.F.M. Taib ◽  
A. Lepit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Dye Sensitized Solar Cells ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Oxide Thin Film ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Zno Nanosheets ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Sensitized Solar Cells

Graphene-Zinc Oxide (Gr-ZnO) nanocomposites films were successfully synthesized via facile electrodeposition method in an aqueous solution under Gr concentration conditions. Gr, as a highly conductive carbon, acts as an anchor for ZnO nanosheets and plays a substantial role in controlling the degree of dispersion of ZnO nanosheets onto indium-doped tin oxide (ITO) substrate to form Gr-ZnO nanocomposite. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) analysis of Gr-ZnO nanocomposite samples confirmed that the presence of ZnO nanosheets with a high degree of dispersity and crystallinity which is well linked to the thin layer of Gr nanoparticle on ITO substrate. The surface roughness of the films found increased to ~270 nm on Gr-ZnO as compared to Gr ~44 nm and ZnO ~3 nm. Further, the x-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) analysis showed the result is in good agreement with Raman spectroscopy study. The cyclic voltammetry (CV) of Gr-ZnO nanocomposite revealed that the effect of electron-hole recombination process was increased and the presence of Gr in ZnO photoanode provides the fastest redox reaction and hence offers the fastest electron transfer in photoanode.

scholarly journals Tribo-Mechanical Properties of the Antimicrobial Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) Nanocomposite with Hybrid ZnO–Vermiculite–Chlorhexidine Nanofillers

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2811
Author(s):  
Karla Čech Barabaszová ◽  
Sylva Holešová ◽  
Marianna Hundáková ◽  
Alena Kalendová
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Surface Topology ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Indentation Hardness ◽  
Low Density ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force

Materials made from low-density polyethylene (LDPE) in the form of packages or catheters are currently commonly applied medical devices. Antimicrobial LDPE nanocomposite materials with two types of nanofillers, zinc oxide/vermiculite (ZnO/V) and zinc oxide/vermiculite_chlorhexidine (ZnO/V_CH), were prepared by a melt-compounded procedure to enrich their controllable antimicrobial, microstructural, topographical and tribo-mechanical properties. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed that the ZnO/V and ZnO/V_CH nanofillers and LDPE interacted well with each other. The influence of the nanofiller concentrations on the LDPE nanocomposite surface changes was studied through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the surface topology and roughness were studied using atomic force microscopy (AFM). The effect of the ZnO/V nanofiller on the increase in indentation hardness (HIT) was evaluated by AFM measurements and the Vickers microhardness (HV), which showed that as the concentration of the ZnO/V nanofiller increased, these values decreased. The ZnO/V and ZnO/V_CH nanofillers, regardless of the concentration in the LDPE matrix, slightly increased the average values of the friction coefficient (COF). The abrasion depths of the wear indicated that the LDPE_ZnO/V nanocomposite plates exhibited better wear resistance than LDPE_ZnO/V_CH. Higher HV and HIT microhardness values were measured for both nanofillers than the natural LDPE nanocomposite plate. Very positive antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa after 72 h was found for both nanofiller types.

Zinc Oxide Thin Film Morphology as Function of Substrate Position During Sputtering Process

2021 ◽  
Vol 900 ◽  
pp. 103-111
Author(s):  
Christelle Habis ◽  
Jean Zaraket ◽  
Michel Aillerie
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Oxide Thin Film ◽  
Central Position ◽  
Zinc Oxide Thin Film ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Great Transparency

Transparent conductive oxides are materials combining great transparency with high conductivity. In photovoltaic applications, they are developed under thin layer for the realization of upper electrodes of solar cells. Among transparent oxide materials, Zinc Oxide (ZnO) presents unique properties, starting with its first qualities to be abundant, low-cost and non-toxic oxide. Zinc Oxide thin film was deposited on rectangular glass substrate by magnetron sputtering. After an overview of the properties expected for good transparent conductive materials, the effect of distance from the center of the cell on the morphology of the film was investigated by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The scanning was done on different area of the sample as function of the distance from the central position of the direct sputtering jet. As far as the distance increased, it has been noticed a quasi-linear increase in thickness of the ZnO deposited film and a change in the grain shape from spherical to pyramidal with an increase in the size of the particles. Controlling the sputtering distance allows the control of texture, thus of the Haze factor, the photo-generation of excitons, as well the optical transmission of the TCO layer and finally an improvement in the efficiency of the so-built photovoltaic cells.

scholarly journals The effect of replacing iron atoms instead of zinc of the quaternary compound CZTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 2114 (1) ◽  
pp. 012033
Author(s):  
Abubaker.S. Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Full Width Half Maximum ◽  
Energy Gap ◽  
Film Surface ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Quaternary Compound ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Coating Method ◽  
Degree Of Crystallization ◽  
High Degree

Abstract In this article, the quaternary compound Cu2MSnS4 was prepared in a simple and inexpensive approach, where M is the iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) atoms by the spin coating method on a glass substrate at room temperature (RT), as a result of replacing Zn atoms by Fe. Quaternary Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) and Cu2FeSrS4 (CFTS) structural and optical properties have been studied successfully. The material has been identified by X-ray diffraction, and it was discovered that CZTS has a polycrystalline Tetragonal (kesterite) structure, whereas CFTS has a Tetragonal (stannite) structure. A reduction in the full width half maximum (FWHM) of the preferred plane implies a high degree of crystallization. The structural properties of the film surface, such as grain size and roughness, were studied by Atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results explain an increase in nanoparticle size and surface roughness when Fe is substituted by Zn in the CZTS structure. The absorption coefficient values of all designed compounds in visible regions are greater than 104/cm, and the results show that the absorbance coefficient increases with Fe add. The CZTS films showed an energy gap of 1.88 eV, and this value became 1.69 eV with substituted Fe instead of Zn.

SURFACE MODIFICATION OF POLYETHYLENE (PE) BY THE DEPOSITION OF TITANIUM DIOXIDE (TiO2) NANOPARTICLES TO ENHANCE THE PHOTOCATALYTIC ACTIVITIES

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (02) ◽  
pp. 259-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. PANDEY ◽  
M. H. KIM ◽  
D. M. CHUN ◽  
C. S. LEE ◽  
S. H. AHN
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Dye Sensitized Solar Cells ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Antireflective Coatings ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Dye Sensitized ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Photocatalytic Activities ◽  
Sensitized Solar Cells ◽  
Spraying Method

In recent years, there has been growing interest in the preparation of TiO 2-deposited materials for the application in different fields of photocatalytic activities, such as photocatalysis, dye-sensitized solar cells, antireflective coatings, and electro-chromic devices. TiO 2 particles were deposited on the PE surface by spraying method at room temperature. The deposition analysis was conducted by atomic force microscopy (AFM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) for monitoring the variation in morphology and different properties. It was found that the surface was deposited uniformly with higher concentration of particles and did not affect the inherent properties of polymers. The deposited TiO 2 particles favor the photodegradation of synthetic nonbiodegradable polymeric materials, which will ultimately decompose in the environment.

scholarly journals UV Sensitivity of Indium-Zinc Oxide Nanofibers

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Markova ◽  
Olga Berezina ◽  
Nikolay Avdeev ◽  
Alexander Pergament
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Indium Content ◽  
Silicon Substrates ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Indium Zinc Oxide ◽  
Electrospinning Method ◽  
Recovery Times ◽  
Response And Recovery

Indium-zinc oxide (IZO) nanofiber matrices are synthesized on SiO2-covered silicon substrates by the electrospinning method. The nanofibers’ dimensions, morphology, and crystalline structure are characterized by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The results of studying the electrical properties of nanofibers, as well as their sensitivity to UV radiation depending on the In-to-Zn concentration ratio, are presented. It is shown that the highest sensitivity to UV is observed at the indium content of about 50 atomic %. The photocurrent increment with respect to the dark current is more than 4 orders of magnitude. The response and recovery times are 60 and 500 sec, respectively. The results obtained suggest that IZO nanofibers can find application as UV sensors with improved characteristics.

CRYSTAL STRUCTURE AND GAS SENSING PROPERTIES OF Cu-DOPED ZINC OXIDE

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (01n02) ◽  
pp. 314-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHIN HOCK ONG ◽  
JIAN HUI WANG ◽  
HAO GONG ◽  
H. S. O. CHAN
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Structural Properties ◽  
Gas Sensing ◽  
Rf Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
Columnar Structure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Residual Strains ◽  
Nano Crystal

Copper doped Zinc Oxide thin films are prepared by RF magnetron sputtering. The films are characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and other techniques. It is found that the films are composed of nano-crystal grains with typical columnar structure. The structural properties, such as preferred orientation, residual strains exist in the films, and grains size were studied. Moreover, the porous structure that related with the surface morphology of the films was discussed as it has relationship with the gas sensing property. Gas sensing property of these films was studied with the understanding of structural properties. The films were tested with NO gas. The sensitivity of the films was studied through the discussions of films structures.

Microstructural features and mechanical properties of 18 MeV He+ ions irradiated pure Zr

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (32n33) ◽  
pp. 1650395
Author(s):  
Mohsin Rafique ◽  
San Chae ◽  
Yong-Soo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Irradiation Dose ◽  
Dose Range ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Pure Zirconium ◽  
Higher Doses

Samples of pure zirconium (Zr) were irradiated by 18 MeV helium (He[Formula: see text]) ions in the dose range 0.00162–0.0324 dpa at 373 K by using Cyclotron accelerator. The atomic force microscopy (AFM) results indicated an increase in average surface roughness of Zr by increasing the irradiation dose. The AFM images revealed nucleation and growth of nano- and micro-size hillocks at lower doses (0.00162–0.00324 dpa), whereas formation of a volcano-like cavities and craters was observed within these hillocks by increasing the radiation dose from 0.00324 to 0.0324 dpa. The high-resolution X-ray diffraction (XRD) results showed a variation in the intensities and positions of the diffraction peaks after the irradiation. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results reported a significant decrease in the grain size after the He[Formula: see text] irradiation. The values of grain size, calculated using the TEM, were found to be in good agreement with the crystallite size calculated using the XRD analysis. The yield stress (YS) was increased by increasing the irradiation dose up to 0.0162 dpa, however, the YS exhibited a decreasing trend with a further increase of the dose. The changes in YS were elucidated by grain size reduction and localized heating at higher doses.

scholarly journals Comparing a porphyrin- and a coumarin-based dye adsorbed on NiO(001)

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 874-881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Freund ◽  
Antoine Hinaut ◽  
Nathalie Marinakis ◽  
Edwin C Constable ◽  
Ernst Meyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Charge Transfer ◽  
Crystal Surface ◽  
Dye Sensitized Solar Cells ◽  
Kelvin Probe ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Dye Sensitized ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Hybrid Technologies ◽  
Transfer Direction ◽  
Sensitized Solar Cells

Properties of metal oxides, such as optical absorption, can be influenced through the sensitization with molecular species that absorb visible light. Molecular/solid interfaces of this kind are particularly suited for the development and design of emerging hybrid technologies such as dye-sensitized solar cells. A key optimization parameter for such devices is the choice of the compounds in order to control the direction and the intensity of charge transfer across the interface. Here, the deposition of two different molecular dyes, porphyrin and coumarin, as single-layered islands on a NiO(001) single crystal surface have been studied by means of non-contact atomic force microscopy at room temperature. Comparison of both island types reveals different adsorption and packing of each dye, as well as an opposite charge-transfer direction, which has been quantified by Kelvin probe force microscopy measurements.

scholarly journals Оптические и фотоэлектрические свойства тонких пленок GaS и гетероструктуры GaS/InSe

2019 ◽  
Vol 126 (5) ◽  
pp. 538
Author(s):  
А.Г. Гусейнов ◽  
В.М. Салманов ◽  
Р.М. Мамедов ◽  
А.А. Салманова ◽  
Ф.М. Ахмедова
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Silar Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Photoelectric Properties ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
Luminescence Characteristics

AbstractGaS thin films have been grown by the SILAR method, their structures have been analyzed, and their optical and photoelectric properties have been investigated. The internal structure of the samples obtained have been studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, atomic force microscopy (AFM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The GaS band gap has been determined from the absorption spectrum. p -GaS/ n -InSe heterojunctions have been formed on the basis of GaS crystals and InSe thin films. Current–voltage, optical, photoelectric, and luminescence characteristics of p -GaS/ n -InSe heterojunctions have been experimentally investigated.

Effect of Deposition Voltage on the Composition, Morphology and Optical Properties of ZnS Thin Films Prepared by Cathodic Electrodeposition

2010 ◽  
Vol 105-106 ◽  
pp. 348-350
Author(s):  
Hui Zhu ◽  
Jian Feng Huang ◽  
Li Yun Cao ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Xie Rong Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Zinc Sulphide ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Cathodic Electrodeposition ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Deposition Voltage

Zinc sulphide (ZnS) thin films were deposited on the indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates by a novel, simple cathodic electrodeposition method under atmospheric pressure. These thin films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and photoluminescence spectrum (PL) at room temperature. The effects of deposition voltage on the phase composition, morphology and photoluminescence behavior of the thin films were investigated. XRD analysis shows that the deposited thin films is highly preferential growth along (200) orientation. Both AFM and XRD analyses indicate that the surface of the ZnS thin films is composed of uniform grains of around 50 nm in diameter. With the increase in the deposition voltages, the crystallization of the obtained thin films improves and the grain size of the ZnS thin films increases. Photoluminescence emission peaks are observed at at 475~490 nm and 500 ~530 nm at room temperature for an excitation of 210 nm.

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