scholarly journals The role of open ocean boundary forcing on seasonal to decadal-scale variability and long-term change of natural shelf hypoxia

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 025002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro M S Monteiro ◽  
Boris Dewitte ◽  
Mary I Scranton ◽  
Aurélien Paulmier ◽  
Anja K van der Plas
Keyword(s):  
Open Ocean ◽  
Term Change ◽  
Decadal Scale ◽  
Ocean Boundary

Social Cohesion, Breaks, and Transformations in Italy, 535–600

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Pohl
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
Late Antique ◽  
Religious Context ◽  
Ancient Society ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Term Change ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Classical Culture

When the Gothic War began in Italy in 535, the country still conserved many features of classical culture and late antique administration. Much of that was lost in the political upheavals of the following decades. Building on Chris Wickham’s work, this contribution sketches an integrated perspective of these changes, attempting to relate the contingency of events to the logic of long-term change, discussing political options in relation to military and economic means, and asking in what ways the erosion of consensus may be understood in a cultural and religious context. What was the role of military entrepreneurs of more or less barbarian or Roman extraction in the distribution or destruction of resources? How did Christianity contribute to the transformation of ancient society? The old model of barbarian invasions can contribute little to understanding this complex process. It is remarkable that for two generations, all political strategies in Italy ultimately failed.

scholarly journals Broken Worlds: Towards an Archaeology of the Shatter Zone

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Raffield
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Physical Geography ◽  
Trigger Factors ◽  
Eastern Woodlands ◽  
Term Change ◽  
Anthropological Research ◽  
Historic Change

AbstractIn recent years, archaeological studies of long-term change and transformation in the human past have often been dominated by the discussion of dichotomous processes of ‘collapse’ and ‘resilience’. These discussions are frequently framed in relatively narrow terms dictated by specialist interests that place an emphasis on the role of single ‘trigger’ factors as motors for historic change. In order to address this issue, in this article I propose that the study of the ‘shatter zone’—a term with origins in physical geography and geopolitics that has been more recently harnessed in anthropological research—has the potential to facilitate multi-scalar, interdisciplinary analyses of the ways in which major historical changes unfold across both space and time, at local, regional, and inter-regional levels. This article unpacks the concept of the shatter zone and aligns this with existing archaeological frameworks for the study of long-term adaptive change. I then situate these arguments within the context of recent studies of colonial interaction and conflict in the Eastern Woodlands of North America during the sixteenth to eighteenth century. The study demonstrates how a more regulated approach to the shatter zone has the potential to yield new insights on the ways in which populations mitigate and react to instability and change while also facilitating comparative studies of these processes on a broader, global scale.

Calcareous nannoplankton ecology and community change across the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum

Paleobiology ◽  
10.1666/12050 ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 628-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leah J. Schneider ◽  
Timothy J. Bralower ◽  
Lee R. Kump ◽  
Mark E. Patzkowsky
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Geochemical Modeling ◽  
Community Change ◽  
Open Ocean ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Term Change ◽  
Thermal Maximum

The Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM; ca. 55.8 Ma) is thought to coincide with a profound but entirely transient change among nannoplankton communities throughout the ocean. Here we explore the ecology of nannoplankton during the PETM by using multivariate analyses of a global data set that is based upon the distribution of taxa in time and space. We use these results, coupled with stable isotope data and geochemical modeling, to reinterpret the ecology of key genera. The results of the multivariate analyses suggest that the community was perturbed significantly in coastal and high-latitudes sites compared to the open ocean, and the relative influence of temperature and nutrient availability on the assemblage varies regionally. The open ocean became more stratified and less productive during the PETM and the oligotrophic assemblage responded primarily to changes in nutrient availability. Alternatively, assemblages at the equator and in the Southern Ocean responded to temperature more than to nutrient reduction. In addition, the assemblage change at the PETM was not merely transient—there is evidence of adaptation and a long-term change in the nannoplankton community that persists after the PETM and results in the disappearance of a high-latitude assemblage. The long-term effect on communities caused by transient warming during the PETM has implications for modern-day climate change, suggesting similar permanent changes to nannoplankton community structure as the oceans warm.

scholarly journals Konkurs na Europejską Stolicę Kultury jako czynnik zmiany. Doświadczenia polskich miast

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 29-46
Author(s):  
Paweł Kubicki ◽  
Bożena Gierat-Bieroń ◽  
Joanna Orzechowska-Wacławska
Keyword(s):  
Innovative Development ◽  
Cultural Institutions ◽  
Cultural Policies ◽  
European Capital Of Culture ◽  
Term Change ◽  
Development Policies ◽  
Urban Narratives ◽  
Transformation Processes

This article contains an analysis of the “ECC effect,” that is, the long-term change produced in Polish cities by participation in the competition for European Capital of Culture 2016, which lasted in Poland from 2007 to 2011. The authors concentrate on four basic subjects: (1) city identities; (2) city images; (3) the influence of new cultural institutions on the socio-cultural fabric of cities; and (4) the development of cultural policies and the Europeanization of Polish cities. Their findings are based on the research project “The ECC Effect: In Search of New Urban Narratives,” which was commissioned by the IMPART Festival Office and conducted in 2016 in 7 of the 11 candidate cities: Gdańsk, Katowice, Lublin, Łódź, Poznań, Szczecin, and Wrocław. The authors claim that the competition for European Capital of Culture indubitably initiated extensive transformation processes in Polish cities. It led to an improvement in their images more openness and internationalization, and to a redefinition of the role of culture in innovative development policies.

Cognition in construction grammar: Connecting individual and community grammars

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-337
Author(s):  
Lynn Anthonissen
Keyword(s):  
Language Change ◽  
Linguistic Knowledge ◽  
Small Individual ◽  
Age Cohorts ◽  
Term Change ◽  
Language User ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Linguistic Behavior

AbstractThis paper examines, on the basis of a longitudinal corpus of 50 early modern authors, how change at the aggregate level of the community interacts with variation and change at the micro-level of the individual language user. In doing so, this study aims to address the methodological gap between collective change and entrenchment, that is, the gap between language as a social phenomenon and the cognitive processes responsible for the continuous reorganization of linguistic knowledge in individual speakers. Taking up the case of the prepositional passive, this study documents a strong community-wide increase in use that is accompanied by increasing schematicity. A comparison of the 50 authors reveals that regularities arising at the macro-level conceal highly complex and variable individual behavior, aspects of which may be explained by studying the larger (social) context in which these individuals operate (e. g., age cohorts, community of practice, biographical insights). Further analysis, focusing on how authors use the prepositional passive in unique and similar ways, elucidates the role of small individual biases in long-term change. Overall, it is demonstrated that language change is an emergent phenomenon that results from the complex interaction between individual speakers, who themselves may change their linguistic behavior to varying degrees.

scholarly journals Artificial Intelligence as a Resilient Tool for Fighting Inequalities in the COVID-19 Crisis

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Luís Capucha ◽  
Nuno Nunes ◽  
Alexandre Calado
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Human Enhancement ◽  
Welfare States ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Term Change

Can artificial intelligence (AI) be a sustainable way to help solving the Covid-19 global problem? What does the way how welfare states, charity organizations and labour markets are dealing with the pandemic crisis tells us about the AI capacity for reducing exposition of underprivileged groups to the desease? It is becoming more and more visible how the new coronavirus pandemic is affecting specifically the most deprived and vulnerable groups, and also the big difference that welfare states and their policies make. What did the pandemic show about the relations between social inequality, welfare state provision and AI? This presentation will discuss the role of AI as a tool for public policies fighting inequalities that were amplified during the Covid-19 crisis. It will be analysed how the welfare state, the labour market and social communities are already incorporating AI tools and how this can eventually produce more resilient paths. Accelareted and amplified by the Covid-19, several processes of AI penetration in health, education, healthcare, social security, public administrations, labour and surveillance of citizens, became a subject of public discussion. Artificial intelligence is currently a process of long-term change in health and biotechnologies, long-distance education, teleworking, automation, robotization, consumption behaviours, surveillance and human enhancement. An in-deep analysis of the Portuguese case will support the lessons that can be learnt from AI and its use in public policies in a context of pandemic crisis, leading to a set of political recommendations, to promote its application as a resilient tool to fight inequalities.

Can Tacit Knowledge be Shared on Cloud?

2017 ◽  
pp. 264-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Fazzin
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Sharing ◽  
Tacit Knowledge ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Organizational Innovation ◽  
Lifelong Learners ◽  
Term Change ◽  
Tacit Knowledge Sharing ◽  
Definition Of

Knowledge manipulation is key for organizational innovation, to gain competitive advantage, enhancing the search for a caring and sharing environment between co-workers. How to foster such attitude? Many researchers have argued about the importance of tacit knowledge, highlighting how difficult - if not impossible - is to share that kind of knowledge. Giving a new definition of knowledge, the Author here presents a model of knowledge manipulation that highlights the fundamental role of education, both as knowledge enabler and recipient for a long-term change into the organization. Using education as common ground to instill a (tacit) knowledge sharing attitude, the Author argues on the importance of problem-based (PBL) training, to prepare lifelong learners to become better workers and to manipulate (tacit) knowledge.

Proportion of cross-bred and selfed seed obtained from successive generations of winter bean (Vicia faba L.) crops

1987 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Bond ◽  
M. Pope
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Mechanism ◽  
Selfed Seed ◽  
The Third ◽  
Term Change ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
Successive Generations ◽  
Field Beans ◽  
Made In

SummaryThe proportions of cross-bred and selfed seed were estimated in up to four consecutive generations of Throws MS winter beans on three farms where farm-saved seed was regularly used.Within one stock the percentage of cross-breds rose a significant amount from 31 to 46, whilst in another stock no change was detected over four consecutive generations. On the third farm a change of stock mid-way through the period of the survey was associated with a highly significant increase in proportion of cross-breds.In general a rise in outcrossing was not followed by a significant fall as would be expected if cross-breds have a greater tendency than inbreds to self pollinate, but the possible role of a regulatory mechanism is discussed as are implications of the range in outcrossing within stocks for variety trials and commercial production of winter beans.Estimates of outcrossing frequency made in two crops in 1983 were slightly lower than some obtained in 1974–6 but no lower than those reported in 1951 thus providing no evidence of any long-term change in levels of natural cross-breeding in field beans in England.

scholarly journals The role of light desynchronosis in the development of stress-induced aging

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 01006
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Batotsyrenova ◽  
Vadim Kashuro ◽  
Maksim Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Cell System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Term Change ◽  
Light Mode ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Ros Formation ◽  
Destructive Processes ◽  
The Brain

The long-term change of the light mode for three months – light desynchronosis, disturbs the rhythm of the signals received from the external pacemaker. As a result of the study, it was found that a long-term change in the light mode and a violation of the rhythmicity of signals received from an external pacemaker contributes to the activation of ROS formation as triggers for bioenergetic processes in the cell. At the same time, changing the light mode disrupts the balance of oxygen in the cell and this is a provoking factor for the stress of the antioxidant cell system. The resulting tissue hypoxia in chronic light desynchronosis disrupts the bioenergetic potential of the cell, contributing to the development of pathophysiological processes and the death of neurons. Therefore, a violation of the balance of the pro-oxidant and anti-oxidant systems leads to destructive processes in the brain. A significant change in the concentration of the neurotrohic markers indicates destructive processes in the brain tissues. Summarizing the above, we conclude that light desynchronosis is directly involved in the ROS-dependent stress-induced aging of brain cells and in that way, to the progression of processes that lead to aging of the body.

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