Vertical distribution of total carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in sediments of Drug Spring Lake, Wudalianchi

As one of the nitrogen (N) limitation ecosystems, alpine meadows have significant effects on their structure and function. However, research on the response and linkage of vegetation-soil to short-term low-level N deposition with rhizosphere processes is scant. We conducted a four level N addition (0, 20, 40, and 80 kg N ha−1 y−1) field experiment in an alpine meadow on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) from July 2014 to August 2016. We analyzed the community characteristics, vegetation (shoots and roots), total carbon (TC), nutrients, soil (rhizosphere and bulk) properties, and the linkage between vegetation and soil under different N addition rates. Our results showed that (i) N addition significantly increased and decreased the concentration of soil nitrate nitrogen (NO3−-N) and ammonium nitrogen, and the soil pH, respectively; (ii) there were significant correlations between soil (rhizosphere and bulk) NO3−-N and total nitrogen (TN), and root TN, and there was no strong correlation between plant and soil TC, TN and total phosphorus, and their stoichiometry under different N addition rates. The results suggest that short-term low-N addition affected the plant community, vegetation, and soil TC, TN, TP, and their stoichiometry insignificantly, and that the correlation between plant and soil TC, TN, and TP, and their stoichiometry were insignificant.

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Evolution of organismal stoichiometry in a long-term experiment with Escherichia coli

Royal Society Open Science ◽

10.1098/rsos.170497 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (7) ◽

pp. 170497 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Caroline B. Turner ◽

Brian D. Wade ◽

Justin R. Meyer ◽

Brooke A. Sommerfeld ◽

Richard E. Lenski

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Phosphorus Content ◽

Chemical Elements ◽

Relative Proportion ◽

Total Carbon ◽

Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽

Serial Transfer ◽

Evolutionary Changes ◽

Long Time ◽

Long Term Experiment

Organismal stoichiometry refers to the relative proportion of chemical elements in the biomass of organisms, and it can have important effects on ecological interactions from population to ecosystem scales. Although stoichiometry has been studied extensively from an ecological perspective, much less is known about the rates and directions of evolutionary changes in elemental composition. We measured carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus content of 12 Escherichia coli populations that evolved under controlled carbon-limited, serial-transfer conditions for 50 000 generations. The bacteria evolved higher relative nitrogen and phosphorus content, consistent with selection for increased use of the more abundant elements. Total carbon assimilated also increased, indicating more efficient use of the limiting element. We also measured stoichiometry in one population repeatedly through time. Stoichiometry changed more rapidly in early generations than later on, similar to the trajectory seen for competitive fitness. Altogether, our study shows that stoichiometry evolved over long time periods, and that it did so in a predictable direction, given the carbon-limited environment.

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Three Invasive Tree Species Change Soil Chemistry in Guam Forests

Forests ◽

10.3390/f11030279 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 279 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Thomas E. Marler

Keyword(s):

Tree Species ◽

Soil Chemistry ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Total Carbon ◽

Tree Cover ◽

Available Phosphorus ◽

Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽

Invasive Tree ◽

Invasive Tree Species ◽

Forms Of Carbon

Research Highlights: Established stands of Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit, Spathodea campanulata P. Beauv., and Vitex parviflora Juss. modified soils in Guam’s limestone forests, reducing storage pools of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus. Background and Objectives: Invasive plants may engineer negative changes in ecosystem properties. This study was conducted to determine changes in soil chemistry following infestations of three problematic tree species on Guam. Materials and Methods: Minerals, metals, and mineralization dynamics were measured in invaded sites and paired sites with biodiverse native tree cover. Results: Most soil properties were significantly changed by long-term infestations of the invasive tree species. The soils within invaded sites exhibited total carbon, total nitrogen, and available phosphorus that were less than native sites. In contrast, the carbon/nitrogen ratio increased for every species-site combination. The other chemical properties were idiosyncratic among the sites and species. Conclusions: Mitigation and restoration activities that include the removal of these trees from project sites may require many years for the below-ground ecosystems to return to their native state. These three invasive trees decrease the ability of Guam soils to sequester recalcitrant forms of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus.

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Soil carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus contents in maize plots after 14 years of pig slurry applications

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859697004504 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 129 (2) ◽

pp. 187-191 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

J. A. HOUNTIN ◽

D. COUILLARD ◽

A. KARAM

Keyword(s):

Soil Depth ◽

Application Rate ◽

High Rate ◽

Total Carbon ◽

Pig Manure ◽

Pig Slurry ◽

Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽

Total N ◽

Extractable P ◽

Silty Loam

Excessive applications of liquid pig manure (LPM) could result in nutrient accumulation in the soil, thereby increasing the potential for plant nutrient losses through movement in groundwater. The objective of this work was to measure the concentrations of total carbon (Ct), total nitrogen (Nt), total phosphorus (Pt) and Mehlich-3 extractable-P (PM3) with depth in a Le Bras silty loam soil growing maize (Zea maize L.) under reduced tillage conditions. The soil was fertilized annually with various rates of LPM (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 m3/ha) in four completely randomized blocks since 1979. In autumn 1992, twenty soil plots were sampled in increments of 20 cm to a depth of 1·0 m and analysed for total C, total N, total P and Mehlich-3 extractable-P. LPM application rate (R), soil depth (D) and the interaction R × D had highly significant (P<0·001) linear effects on Ct, Nt, Pt and PM3 concentrations throughout the 100-cm depth profiles. At all depths, Ct, Nt, Pt and PM3 contents increased with increasing rates of LPM application. The zone of maximum accumulation of Ct, Nt, Pt and PM3 concentrations occurred at the first 0–40 cm depth. A significant relationship was found between soil organic matter and Nt, Pt and PM3. Differences in N and P concentrations between manure rates are due to manure and maize. The increase in PM3 was generally greater for soil samples with high Pt content. Results from this study indicate that long-term application of a high rate of LPM leads to greater total C, N and P concentrations in the soil profile.

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SPATIAL AND VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION OF LITTER AND BELOWGROUND CARBON IN A BRAZILIAN CERRADO VEGETATION

CERNE ◽

10.1590/01047760201723012247 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 43-52 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Vinícius Augusto Morais ◽

Carla Alessandra Santos ◽

José Márcio Mello ◽

Hassan Camil Dadid ◽

Emanuel José Gomes Araújo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vertical Distribution ◽

Soil Carbon ◽

Carbon Stock ◽

Soil Depth ◽

Soil Layer ◽

Total Carbon ◽

Coarse Roots ◽

Soil Layers ◽

Root Carbon ◽

Spatial And Vertical Distribution

ABSTRACT Forest ecosystems contribute significantly to store greenhouse gases. This paper aimed to investigate the spatial and vertical distribution of litter, roots, and soil carbon. We obtained biomass and carbon of compartments (litter, roots, and soil) in a vegetation from Cerrado biome, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The materials were collected in 7 0.5 m² sub-plots randomly allocated in the vegetation. Root and soil samples were taken from five soil layers across the 0-100 cm depth. Roots were classified into three diameter classes: fine (<5 mm), medium (5-10 mm), and coarse (>10 mm) roots. The carbon stock was mapped through geostatistical analysis. The results indicated averages of soil carbon stock of 208.5 Mg.ha-1 (94.6% of the total carbon), root carbon of 6.8 Mg.ha-1 (3.1%), and litter of 5 Mg.ha-1 (2.3%). The root carbon was majority stored in coarse roots (83%), followed by fine (10%), and medium roots (7%). The largest portion of fine roots concentrated in the 0-10 cm soil depth, whereas medium and coarse roots were majority in the 10-20 cm depth. The largest portion of soil (53%) and root (85%) carbon were stored in superficial soil layers (above 40 cm). As conclusion, the carbon spatial distribution follows a reasonable trend among the compartments. There is a vertical relation of which the deeper the soil layer, the lower the soil and root carbon stock. Excepting the shallowest layer, coarse roots held the largest portion of carbon across the evaluated soil layers.

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Seasonal and vertical distribution of nitrogen and phosphorus in the sediment under different ecological restoration measures in the West Lake Wuli,Lake Taihu

Journal of Lake Sciences ◽

10.18307/2007.0610 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 19 (6) ◽

pp. 683-689 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

YU Haiqiao ◽

◽

FANG Tao ◽

XIA Shibin ◽

AO Hongyi

Keyword(s):

Vertical Distribution ◽

Ecological Restoration ◽

Lake Taihu ◽

Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽

The West ◽

West Lake ◽

Restoration Measures

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SEBARAN VERTIKAL TOTAL NITROGEN, TOTAL FOSFAT, DAN AMONIA PADA PERAIRAN PESISIR YANG BERDEKATAN DENGAN KAWASAN BUDIDAYA LAUT DI BALI UTARA

Jurnal Riset Akuakultur ◽

10.15578/jra.16.2.2021.125-134 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 125

Author(s):

Reagan Septory ◽

Afifah Nasukha ◽

Sudewi Sudewi ◽

Ananto Setiadi ◽

Ketut Mahardika

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Vertical Distribution ◽

Total Nitrogen ◽

Nitrogen Concentration ◽

Quality Standard ◽

Phosphorus Compounds ◽

Strong Mixing ◽

Sampling Point ◽

Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽

The Vertical Distribution

Buangan limbah organik dari kegiatan budidaya ikan berdampak pada naiknya konsentrasi senyawa nitrogen di perairan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui sebaran vertikal konsentrasi total nitrogen (TN), total fosfat (TP), dan amonia pada perairan pesisir yang berdekatan dengan kawasan budidaya ikan laut di Bali Utara. Titik sampling dipilih pada kedalaman 5, 10, 15, 20, dan 30 meter dengan arah tegak lurus garis pantai di kawasan perbenihan ikan dengan tingkat aktivitas tinggi (Desa Gerokgak dan Desa Penyabangan) dan tiga titik sampling di sekitar karamba jaring apung (KJA) di Teluk Kaping, Desa Sumberkima. Sampel air diambil pada bagian permukaan, tengah, dan dasar pada tiap titik sampling. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada tahun 2019 dengan dua periode waktu yaitu bulan April sampai Juni dan Agustus sampai Oktober dengan satu kali pengambilan contoh air setiap bulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebaran konsentrasi TN, TP, dan amonia secara vertikal cenderung homogen pada tiap titik pengamatan. Konsentrasi TN, TP, dan amonia selama penelitian berturut-turut adalah 1,2-1,5 mg/L; 0,081-0,090 mg/L; dan 0,054-0,057 mg/L. Nilai tersebut berada di bawah baku mutu air untuk kebutuhan budidaya ikan. Sebaran konsentrasi senyawa nitrogen dan fosfat secara vertikal di lokasi penelitian relatif homogen pada semua lapisan kedalaman air yang diamati. Kondisi tersebut menunjukkan bahwa proses percampuran masa air terjadi secara merata di kawasan tersebut. Kualitas perairan di lokasi penelitian masih sesuai dengan nilai baku mutu untuk kegiatan budidaya laut.Direct discharge of organic waste from aquaculture platforms is likely to increase nitrogen concentration in the surrounding waters. The study aimed to investigate the vertical distribution of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and ammonia concentration in the coastal waters adjacent to the three densest mariculture sites in North Bali (Gerokgak, Penyabangan, and Kaping Bay). Field surveys were conducted six times within two periods namely April to June and August to October 2019. Samples of different water columns (surface, middle, and bottom) were collected using a Nansen water sampler in each sampling point. The samples were immediately analyzed at the Research Institute for Mariculture and Fishery Extension, Gondol. Total nitrogen, total phosphate, and ammonia were analysed using sulfuric acid destruction and distillation, nitrate-acid destruction, and phenol-spectrophotometer, respectively. The result showed that TN, TP, and ammonia levels were 1.2-1.5 mg/L, 0.081-0.090 mg/L, and 0.054-0.057 mg/L, respectively. The vertical distribution of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds at all layers of water column were relatively homogenous indicating a strong mixing between the seawater layers. Thus, the study concludes that the variations of all water quality parameters are within the water quality standard needed for mariculture activities.

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Effects of Tree Species and Soil Enzyme Activities on Soil Nutrients in The Dryland Plantations

10.21203/rs.3.rs-681222/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yage Li ◽

Chun Han ◽

Shan Sun ◽

Changming Zhao

Keyword(s):

Soil Nutrients ◽

Tree Species ◽

Enzyme Activities ◽

Soil Enzyme ◽

Total Carbon ◽

Pinus Tabulaeformis ◽

Soil Enzyme Activities ◽

Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽

High Quality

Abstract Background Long-term afforestation of different tree species strongly changes the soil physicochemical and biological properties. However, how tree species through litter quality and soil enzyme activities affect the succession of soil nutrients is still unclear in the dryland plantations. In this study, samples of surface soil (0–20 cm) and woody litter were collected from 55 years Caragana korshinskii, and 50 years Armeniaca sibirica, Populus hopeiensis, Platycladus orientalis, and Pinus tabulaeformis, and the natural grassland, and tested for the carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium contents, as well as the soil sucrase (SC), urease (UE), and alkaline phosphorus (ALP) activities. Results We found that long-term dryland plantations increased soil total carbon (TC) by 1.69%-28.42%, but significantly decreased soil total phosphorus (TP) and total potassium (TK) by 11.87%-30.58% and 4.69%-8.25%. The C. korshinskii significantly increased soil TC, organic carbon (OC), total nitrogen (TN), available nitrogen (AN), available potassium (AK), UE, and ALP by 28.42%, 56.08%, 57.41%, 107.25%, 10.29%, 11.00%, and 107.81%, respectively, and also raised soil available phosphorus (AP) by 18.56%; while the P. orientalis significantly decreased soil TN, TP, AP, TK, AK, and UE by 38.89%, 30.58%, 76.39%, 8.25%, 8.33%, and 18.97%, respectively, and also reduced soil SC and ALP by 3.84% and 25.32%, compared to those in grassland. In addition, the C. korshinskii produced high-quality litter with lower carbon, the highest nitrogen and phosphorus, and higher potassium contents than those of P. orientalis. The litter chemical properties and soil enzyme activities together explained 62.2% of the total variation of soil nutrients, especially the litter phosphorus (LP) and soil ALP. Therefore, the tree species, LP, and soil ALP were key factors driving soil nutrient succession in dryland plantations. And the significantly positive coupling relationship between nitrogen and phosphorus in the "litter-enzyme-soil" system revealed that the improvement of nitrogen level promoted the phosphorus cycle of the ecosystem. Conclusions This study suggests choosing leguminous tree species with high-quality litter to establish plantations in the phosphorus-limited dryland, which will improve soil nutrients and alleviate nutrient limitations by adjusting soil enzyme activities.

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Vertical distribution of Fe and Fe(III)-reducing bacteria in the sediments of Lake Donghu, China

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/cjm-2015-0129 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 61 (8) ◽

pp. 575-583 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Cuicui Tian ◽

Chunbo Wang ◽

Yingying Tian ◽

Xingqiang Wu ◽

Bangding Xiao

Keyword(s):

Vertical Distribution ◽

Lake Sediments ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Inorganic Phosphorus ◽

Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽

Inorganic Substances ◽

Reducing Bacteria ◽

The Vertical Distribution ◽

Insight Into ◽

Phosphorus Levels

In lake sediments, iron (Fe) is the most versatile element, and the redox cycling of Fe has a wide influence on the biogeochemical cycling of organic and inorganic substances. The aim of the present study was to analyze the vertical distribution of Fe and Fe(III)-reducing bacteria (FeRB) in the surface sediment (30 cm) of Lake Donghu, China. At the 3 sites we surveyed, FeRB and Fe(II)-oxidizing bacteria (FeOB) coexisted in anoxic sediments. Geobacter-related FeRB accounted for 5%–31% of the total Bacteria, while Gallionella-related FeOB accounted for only 0.1%–1.3%. A significant correlation between the relative abundance of poorly crystalline Fe and Geobacter spp. suggested that poorly crystalline Fe favored microbial Fe(III) reduction. Poorly crystalline Fe and Geobacter spp. were significantly associated with solid-phase Fe(II) and total inorganic phosphorus levels. Pore water Fe(II) concentrations negatively correlated with NO3–at all sites. We concluded that Geobacter spp. were abundant in the sediments of Lake Donghu, and the redox of Fe might participate in the cycling of nitrogen and phosphorus in sediments. These observations provided insight into the roles of microbial Fe cycling in lake sediments.

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