Analysis of the influence of traffic control measures on the prevention and control of COVID-19

We collected COVID-19 epidemiological and epidemic control measures-related data in mainland China during the period January 1 to February 19, 2020, and empirically tested the practical effects of the epidemic control measures implemented in China by applying the econometrics approach. The results show that nationally, both traffic control and social distancing have played an important role in controlling the outbreak of the epidemic, however, neither of the two measures have had a significant effect in low-risk areas. Moreover, the effect of traffic control is more successful than that of social distancing. Both measures complement each other, and their combined effect achieves even better results. These findings confirm the effectiveness of the measures currently in place in China, however, we would like to emphasize that control measures should be more tailored, which implemented according to each specific city’s situation, in order to achieve a better epidemic prevention and control.

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Which Measures are Effective in Containing COVID-19? — Empirical Research Based on Prevention and Control Cases in China

10.1101/2020.03.28.20046110 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Shanlang Lin ◽

Junpei Huang ◽

Ziwen He ◽

Dandan Zhan

Keyword(s):

Population Size ◽

Traffic Control ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Control Measures ◽

Gdp Per Capita ◽

Social Distancing ◽

The Public ◽

Two Measures ◽

Per Capita ◽

And Control

AbstractVarious epidemic prevention and control measures aimed at reducing person-to-person contact has paid a certain cost while controlling the epidemic. So accurate evaluation of these measures helps to maximize the effectiveness of prevention and control while minimizing social costs. In this paper, we develop the model in Dirk Brockmann and Dirk Helbing (2013) to theoretically explain the impact mechanism of traffic control and social distancing measures on the spread of the epidemic, and empirically tests the effect of the two measures in China at the present stage using econometric approach. We found that both traffic control and social distancing measures have played a very good role in controlling the development of the epidemic. Nationally, social distancing measures are better than traffic control measures; the two measures are complementary and their combined action will play a better epidemic prevention effect; Traffic control and social distancing do not work everywhere. Traffic control only works in cities with higher GDP per capita and population size, while fails in cities with lower GDP per capita and population size. In cities with lower population size, social distancing becomes inoperative; the rapid and accurate transmission of information, a higher protection awareness of the public, and a stronger confidence of residents in epidemic prevention can promote the realization of the measure effects. The findings above verify the effectiveness and correctness of the measures implemented in China at present, at the same time, we propose that it is necessary to fully consider the respective characteristics of the two measures, cooperating and complementing each other; what’s more, measures should be formulated according to the city’s own situation, achieving precise epidemic prevention; Finally, we should increase the transparency of information, improve protection awareness of the public, guide emotions of the public in a proper way, enhancing public confidence.

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Practice of Public Health Interventions Collaboration and Integrated in Macau SAR and Zhuhai to Response to Pandemic of COVID-19

10.21203/rs.3.rs-724420/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Xiling Yin ◽

Songjian Xiao ◽

Xuebao Zhang ◽

Long Chen ◽

Xihe Ni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Traffic Control ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Mainland China ◽

Control Measures ◽

Control Effect ◽

Bay Area ◽

Policies And Measures ◽

Two Cities ◽

Imported Cases ◽

And Control

Abstract BackgroundIn 2020, the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area (GBA) was in proximity to the second epicenter of COVID-19 in China, where Macau and Zhuhai are located. Both cities communicated, cooperated, and coordinated under different backgrounds to play a "cocity" effect in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.ResultsIn 2020, Macau and Zhuhai had a total of 46 and 112 confirmed cases of COVID-19, respectively. Ten and 98 confirmed cases in two cities that were imported from mainland China or were the result of local infection caused by imported cases of patients who recovered and were discharged during the first period (January 1 to March 14), respectively. During the second period (March 15 to December 31), both of the cities mainly disposed of imported cases (36 and 14 cases in Macau and Zhuhai) from abroad. In the third period (July 15 to December 31), the two cities gradually returned to normal work and life and economic recovery. Under dynamically adjusted prevention and control measures, the two cities have adopted a series of border control measures based on domestic and abroad changes in the COVID-19 epidemic situation. They had closely cooperated and shared information in terms of epidemic information docking, traffic control, patient care, and material guarantees. The prevention and control policies and measures are basically the same in the two cities and different in the 3 time periods. Health QR code exchange was the basis of mobility of residents between the two cities.ConclusionsBoth cities had zero tolerance for COVID-19 cases and adopted a suppression strategy to accurately grasp the changing epidemic situation at any time. There was no community transmission of local cases, and the control effect with resumption of work and personnel turnover was very obvious in the two cities. These characteristics provide a suitable example for other countries and cities to better understand the effectiveness of control measures to address the possible long-term existence of COVID-19.

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Knowledge and Awareness of Dengue Fever

International Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science Engineering and Information Technology ◽

10.32628/cseit183865 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 219-222

Author(s):

Y. Arockia Suganthi ◽

Chitra K. ◽

J. Magelin Mary

Keyword(s):

Dengue Fever ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Control Measures ◽

Infection Transmission ◽

Standard Guideline ◽

The World ◽

Different Types ◽

Prevention And Control Measures ◽

Dengue Prevention ◽

And Control

Dengue fever is a painful mosquito-borne infection caused by different types of virus in various localities of the world. There is no particular medicine or vaccine to treat person suffering from dengue fever. Dengue viruses are transmitted by the bite of female Aedes (Ae) mosquitoes. Dengue fever viruses are mainly transmitted by Aedes which can be active in tropical or subtropical climates. Aedes Aegypti is the key step to avoid infection transmission to save millions of people in all over the world. This paper provides a standard guideline in the planning of dengue prevention and control measures. At the same time gives the priorities including clinical management and hospitalized dengue patients have to address essentially.

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On the Types of Mineral Geological Disasters and Their Prevention and Control Measures

Research on Geology ◽

10.35534/rg.0202008c ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 62-67

Author(s):

Xing Youhui

Keyword(s):

Prevention And Control ◽

Control Measures ◽

Geological Disasters ◽

Prevention And Control Measures ◽

And Control

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An evaluation model of 2019-nCoV prevention effectiveness based on immigration data in China (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.18533 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Qiangsheng Huang

Keyword(s):

Prevention And Control ◽

Time Window ◽

Evaluation Model ◽

Control Measures ◽

Related Data ◽

The Face ◽

Prevention And Control Measures ◽

And Control ◽

Best Fit

BACKGROUND As of the end of February 2020, 2019-nCoV is currently well controlled in China. However, the virus is now spreading globally. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of outbreak prevention and control measures in a region. METHODS A model is built for find the best fit for two sets of data (the number of daily new diagnosed, and the risk value of incoming immigration population). The parameters (offset and time window) in the model can be used as the evaluation of effectiveness of outbreak prevention and control. RESULTS Through study, it is found that the parameter offset and time window in the model can accurately reflect the prevention effectiveness. Some related data and public news confirm this result. And this method has advantages over the method using R0 in two aspects. CONCLUSIONS If the epidemic situation is well controlled, the virus is not terrible. Now the daily new diagnosed patients in most regions of China is quickly reduced to zero or close to zero. Chinese can do a good job in the face of huge epidemic pressure. Therefore, if other countries can do well in prevention and control, the epidemic in those places can also pass quickly.

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Investigation on emotion and behavior of children aged 1-11 during the pandemic of COVID-19: A Cross-sectional study in Guizhou, China (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.24454 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yushi Mo ◽

Yan Luo ◽

Hong Li ◽

Dewei Xiao ◽

Shuqing Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Behavioral Problems ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Online Survey ◽

Sleep Problems ◽

Emotional Problems ◽

Control Measures ◽

Emotional And Behavioral Problems ◽

Guizhou Province ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

And Control

BACKGROUND In face of the sudden epidemic of COVID-19, strict prevention and control measures had been urgently carried out all over China. Because of the long-term home quarantine, all kinds of people were affected by it. OBJECTIVE In order to understand the mental health of children during the pandemic of COVID-19, this study investigated the prevalence and characteristics of emotional and behavioral problems of children aged 1-11 in Guizhou. METHODS Based on the online survey platform, the survey link was pushed through Wechat in April 2020. Electronic questionnaires were used to investigate children's demographic characteristics, emotional or behavioral problems. RESULTS A total of 3505 valid questionnaires were received from 9 prefectures and cities in Guizhou Province. 39.67% of the children in the 1-2-year-old group had emotional problems. 17.63% of the children agd 3-5 years had behavioral or emotional problems. And 23.57% of the children agd 6-11 years havd behavioral problems. CONCLUSIONS During the home quarantine period of prevention and control of COVID-19, even young children were adversely affected. The prevalence of emotional and behavioral problems in children was high, which was mainly manifested as anxiety, difficulty in concentration and sleep problems.

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Spatio-temporal evolution and influencing mechanism of the COVID-19 epidemic in Shandong province, China

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-86188-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jinlong Shi ◽

Xing Gao ◽

Shuyan Xue ◽

Fengqing Li ◽

Qifan Nie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prevention And Control ◽

Temporal Evolution ◽

Geographical Location ◽

Shandong Province ◽

Control Measures ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Health Crisis ◽

Aged People ◽

Spatio Temporal ◽

And Control

AbstractThe novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) outbreak that emerged in late 2019 has posed a severe threat to human health and social and economic development, and thus has become a major public health crisis affecting the world. The spread of COVID-19 in population and regions is a typical geographical process, which is worth discussing from the geographical perspective. This paper focuses on Shandong province, which has a high incidence, though the first Chinese confirmed case was reported from Hubei province. Based on the data of reported confirmed cases and the detailed information of cases collected manually, we used text analysis, mathematical statistics and spatial analysis to reveal the demographic characteristics of confirmed cases and the spatio-temporal evolution process of the epidemic, and to explore the comprehensive mechanism of epidemic evolution and prevention and control. The results show that: (1) the incidence rate of COVID-19 in Shandong is 0.76/100,000. The majority of confirmed cases are old and middle-aged people who are infected by the intra-province diffusion, followed by young and middle-aged people who are infected outside the province. (2) Up to February 5, the number of daily confirmed cases shows a trend of “rapid increase before slowing down”, among which, the changes of age and gender are closely related to population migration, epidemic characteristics and intervention measures. (3) Affected by the regional economy and population, the spatial distribution of the confirmed cases is obviously unbalanced, with the cluster pattern of “high–low” and “low–high”. (4) The evolution of the migration pattern, affected by the geographical location of Wuhan and Chinese traditional culture, is dominated by “cross-provincial” and “intra-provincial” direct flow, and generally shows the trend of “southwest → northeast”. Finally, combined with the targeted countermeasures of “source-flow-sink”, the comprehensive mechanism of COVID-19 epidemic evolution and prevention and control in Shandong is revealed. External and internal prevention and control measures are also figured out.

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Evaluating the effectiveness of measures to control the novel coronavirus disease 2019 in Jilin Province, China

BMC Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1186/s12879-021-05936-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Qinglong Zhao ◽

Yao Wang ◽

Meng Yang ◽

Meina Li ◽

Zeyu Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prevention And Control ◽

Good Control ◽

Asymptomatic Infection ◽

Jilin Province ◽

Control Measures ◽

First Case ◽

Before And After ◽

Novel Coronavirus ◽

Reported Data ◽

And Control

Abstract Background Based on differences in populations and prevention and control measures, the spread of new coronary pneumonia in different countries and regions also differs. This study aimed to calculate the transmissibility of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and to evaluate the effectiveness of measures to control the disease in Jilin Province, China. Methods The data of reported COVID-19 cases were collected, including imported and local cases from Jilin Province as of March 14, 2019. A Susceptible–Exposed–Infectious–Asymptomatic–Recovered/Removed (SEIAR) model was developed to fit the data, and the effective reproduction number (Reff) was calculated at different stages in the province. Finally, the effectiveness of the measures was assessed. Results A total of 97 COVID-19 infections were reported in Jilin Province, among which 45 were imported infections (including one asymptomatic infection) and 52 were local infections (including three asymptomatic infections). The model fit the reported data well (R2 = 0.593, P < 0.001). The Reff of COVID-19 before and after February 1, 2020 was 1.64 and 0.05, respectively. Without the intervention taken on February 1, 2020, the predicted cases would have reached a peak of 177,011 on October 22, 2020 (284 days from the first case). The projected number of cases until the end of the outbreak (on October 9, 2021) would have been 17,129,367, with a total attack rate of 63.66%. Based on the comparison between the predicted incidence of the model and the actual incidence, the comprehensive intervention measures implemented in Jilin Province on February 1 reduced the incidence of cases by 99.99%. Therefore, according to the current measures and implementation efforts, Jilin Province can achieve good control of the virus’s spread. Conclusions COVID-19 has a moderate transmissibility in Jilin Province, China. The interventions implemented in the province had proven effective; increasing social distancing and a rapid response by the prevention and control system will help control the spread of the disease.

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Heterogeneity and effectiveness analysis of COVID-19 prevention and control in major cities in China through time-varying reproduction number estimation

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-79063-x ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Qing Cheng ◽

Zeyi Liu ◽

Guangquan Cheng ◽

Jincai Huang

Keyword(s):

Prevention And Control ◽

Large Scale ◽

Reproduction Number ◽

Correlation Method ◽

Control Measures ◽

Time Varying ◽

Short Period ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Prevention And Control Measures ◽

And Control

AbstractBeginning on December 31, 2019, the large-scale novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged in China. Tracking and analysing the heterogeneity and effectiveness of cities’ prevention and control of the COVID-19 epidemic is essential to design and adjust epidemic prevention and control measures. The number of newly confirmed cases in 25 of China’s most-affected cities for the COVID-19 epidemic from January 11 to February 10 was collected. The heterogeneity and effectiveness of these 25 cities’ prevention and control measures for COVID-19 were analysed by using an estimated time-varying reproduction number method and a serial correlation method. The results showed that the effective reproduction number (R) in 25 cities showed a downward trend overall, but there was a significant difference in the R change trends among cities, indicating that there was heterogeneity in the spread and control of COVID-19 in cities. Moreover, the COVID-19 control in 21 of 25 cities was effective, and the risk of infection decreased because their R had dropped below 1 by February 10, 2020. In contrast, the cities of Wuhan, Tianmen, Ezhou and Enshi still had difficulty effectively controlling the COVID-19 epidemic in a short period of time because their R was greater than 1.

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