scholarly journals The effect of cutting the bulbil-porang (Amorphophallus muelleri) on its germination ability

2021 ◽  
Vol 743 (1) ◽  
pp. 012084
Author(s):  
N Harijati ◽  
D Ying
Keyword(s):  
Germination Ability

scholarly journals Chitosan Oligosaccharides Stimulate the Efficacy of Somatic Embryogenesis in Different Genotypes of the Liriodendron Hybrid

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 557
Author(s):  
Asif Ali ◽  
Jiaji Zhang ◽  
Minmin Zhou ◽  
Tingting Chen ◽  
Liaqat Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Growth Speed ◽  
Chitosan Oligosaccharide ◽  
Chitosan Oligosaccharides ◽  
Germination Ability ◽  
Auxin Synthesis ◽  
Branch Development ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Seed Setting Rate

Liriodendron hybrid (L. chinense × L. tulipifera), an essential medium-sized tree generally famous for its timber, is also used as an ornamental and greenery tool in many places around the world. The Liriodendron hybrid (L. hybrid) tree goes through many hurdles to achieve its maximum strength and vigor, such as loss of habitat, vast genetic variation, and low seed setting rate. The establishment of an effective and well-organized somatic embryogenesis (S.E.) system could be used to overcome these obstacles, rather than the old-fashioned seed culture and organogenesis. This study is based on the impact of chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) and its role in the induction of S.E. on the callus of four genotypes of the L. hybrid. The optimal concentration of COS could enhance the momentum and effectiveness in S.E.’s mechanism, which further improves the growth rate of the L. hybrid tree’s plantlets. This study shows that COS has a prominent role in endogenous hormones like indole acetic acid (IAA), zeatin (Z.T.), and gibberellic acid (GA3). Furthermore, COS improves the growth development, growth speed, as well as the development situation of plant germination ability. COS can also regulate branch development and root growth, which could be linked to the antagonistic effect on growth factors to some extent or by affecting auxin synthesis and polar transport.

scholarly journals QTL Mapping Low-Temperature Germination Ability in the Maize IBM Syn10 DH Population

Plants ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 214
Author(s):  
Qinghui Han ◽  
Qingxiang Zhu ◽  
Yao Shen ◽  
Michael Lee ◽  
Thomas Lübberstedt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Bhlh Transcription Factor ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Dh Population ◽  
Low Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Germination Ability ◽  
Upregulated Genes

Chilling injury poses a serious threat to seed emergence of spring-sowing maize in China, which has become one of the main climatic limiting factors affecting maize production in China. It is of great significance to mine the key genes controlling low-temperature tolerance during seed germination and study their functions for breeding new maize varieties with strong low-temperature tolerance during germination. In this study, 176 lines of the intermated B73 × Mo17 (IBM) Syn10 doubled haploid (DH) population, which comprised 6618 bin markers, were used for QTL analysis of low-temperature germination ability. The results showed significant differences in germination related traits under optimum-temperature condition (25 °C) and low-temperature condition (10 °C) between two parental lines. In total, 13 QTLs were detected on all chromosomes, except for chromosome 5, 7, 10. Among them, seven QTLs formed five QTL clusters on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 4, and 9 under the low-temperature condition, which suggested that there may be some genes regulating multiple germination traits at the same time. A total of 39 candidate genes were extracted from five QTL clusters based on the maize GDB under the low-temperature condition. To further screen candidate genes controlling low-temperature germination, RNA-Seq, in which RNA was extracted from the germination seeds of B73 and Mo17 at 10 °C, was conducted, and three B73 upregulated genes and five Mo17 upregulated genes were found by combined analysis of RNA-Seq and QTL located genes. Additionally, the variations of Zm00001d027976 (GLABRA2), Zm00001d007311 (bHLH transcription factor), and Zm00001d053703 (bZIP transcription factor) were found by comparison of amino sequence between B73 and Mo17. This study will provide a theoretical basis for marker-assisted breeding and lay a foundation for further revealing molecular mechanism of low-temperature germination tolerance in maize.

scholarly journals The role of mucilage envelope in the endozoochory of selected plant taxa

2020 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kreitschitz ◽  
E. Haase ◽  
S. N. Gorb
Keyword(s):  
Digestive System ◽  
Columba Livia ◽  
Local Scale ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Long Distance Dispersal ◽  
Morphological Adaptation ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Germination Ability ◽  
First Time

AbstractMyxodiaspory (formation of mucilage envelope around seeds and fruits) is a common adaptation to dry habitats known in many families of Angiosperms. The mucilage envelope of some seeds seems to be also a unique morphological adaptation which protects myxospermatic diaspores while passing through the bird’s digestive system. To evaluate the protective potential of mucilage, we fed the diaspores of seven plant species (representing three different mucilage types and three species of non-mucilaginous plants) to pigeons, Columba livia domestica. Twenty-four hours later, we collected the droppings of pigeons and examined a total of 18,900 non-destroyed diaspores to check for mucilage presence and germination ability. Out of all the examined diaspores, 4.5% were mucilaginous seeds. Among them, the highest number (12.2–13.5%) of viable diaspores belonged to the hemicellulosic type of mucilage (from Plantago species). Only 3.7% of germinating diaspores with pectic mucilage (Linum usitatissimum) were collected, and no seeds representing cellulosic mucilage (e.g., Ocimum basilicum). For non-mucilaginous plants, we collected only a few individual seeds (0.1% out of 8100 seeds used). We noted that the mucilaginous seeds found in the droppings were able to germinate; however, the germination ability was generally smaller in comparison to the control (i.e., not digested) seeds. Our results revealed that the presence of mucilage envelope has an impact on diaspore dispersal and survivability. With our experiments, we demonstrated for the first time that the mucilage envelope, especially of the non-cellulosic type, supports endozoochory. We also showed that non-mucilaginous seeds can be occasionally dispersed via endozoochory and are able to germinate. The results of our studies can explain the ways of plants distribution at a small, local scale as well as in long-distance dispersal, e.g., between islands or even continents.

scholarly journals Agrobacterium tumefaciens-Mediated Transformation ofValsa mali: An Efficient Tool for Random Insertion Mutagenesis

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caixia Wang ◽  
Xiangnan Guan ◽  
Hanyan Wang ◽  
Guifang Li ◽  
Xiangli Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Gene ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Insertion Mutagenesis ◽  
Transformation System ◽  
Canker Disease ◽  
Germination Ability ◽  
First Time ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Random Insertion ◽  
Valsa Mali

Valsa maliis a causal agent of apple and pear trees canker disease, which is a destructive disease that causes serious economic losses in eastern Asia, especially in China. The lack of an efficient transformation system forValsa maliretards its investigation, which poses difficulties to control the disease. In this research, a transformation system for this pathogen was established for the first time usingA. tumefaciens-mediated transformation (ATMT), with the optimal transformation conditions as follows: 106/mL conidia suspension, cocultivation temperature 22°C, cocultivation time 72 hours, and 200 μM acetosyringone (AS) in the inductive medium. The average transformation efficiency was 1015.00 ± 37.35 transformants per 106recipient conidia. Thirty transformants were randomly selected for further confirmation and the results showed the presence of T-DNA in all hygromycin B resistant transformants and also revealed random and single gene integration with genetic stability. Compared with wild-type strain, those transformants exhibited various differences in morphology, conidia production, and conidia germination ability. In addition, pathogenicity assays revealed that 14 transformants had mitigated pathogenicity, while one had enhanced infection ability. The results suggest that ATMT ofV. maliis a useful tool to gain novel insight into this economically important pathogen at molecular levels.

Effects of desiccation of seeds in nine species with morphophysiological dormancy on germination and embryo growth

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel A Copete ◽  
José M Herranz ◽  
Raquel Herranz ◽  
Elena Copete ◽  
Pablo Ferrandis
Keyword(s):  
Seed Viability ◽  
Intermediate Complex ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Morphophysiological Dormancy ◽  
Anthriscus Sylvestris ◽  
Germination Ability ◽  
Clematis Vitalba ◽  
Narcissus Pseudonarcissus ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Late Embryo

Abstract Aims In species with morphophysiological seed dormancy (MPD), little is known about the effects of desiccation of imbibed seeds on embryo growth and germination. We studied seed responses to dehydration in nine species with different levels of MPD. Methods For each species, a control test was conducted by keeping seeds permanently hydrated and exposed to the optimal stratification-incubation sequence to promote embryo growth. Simultaneously, tests were run in which seed stratification was interrupted for 1 month by desiccation at room temperature. Important Findings In Clematis vitalba and Ribes alpinum, with nondeep simple MPD, desiccation affected neither embryo growth nor seed viability, but the desiccation led to a decrease of germinative ability in R. alpinum by 16%. The seeds of Narcissus pseudonarcissus subsp. munozii-garmendiae, with deep simple epicotyl MPD, tolerated desiccation in different embryo growth stages, but their germinative ability decreased slightly. The response of species with complex levels of MPD to desiccation was more variable: Delphinium fissum subsp. sordidum, with intermediate complex MPD, and Anthriscus sylvestris and Meum athamanticum, both with deep complex MPD, tolerated desiccation. In contrast, Ribes uva-crispa with nondeep complex MPD, Lonicera pyrenaica with intermediate complex MPD, and Chaerophyllum aureum with deep complex MPD, had diminished germination ability by desiccation. Although seeds of the species with simple levels of MPD tolerated desiccation, those of some species with complex levels were also highly tolerant. Thus, desiccation did not induce secondary dormancy in late embryo growth stages. The desiccation tolerance of imbibed seeds of most of the nine species may show their adaptability to climate change in the Mediterranean region.

scholarly journals Identification of novel sources of genetic variation for the improvement of cold germination ability in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)

Euphytica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 215 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Junghyun Shim ◽  
Ritchel B. Gannaban ◽  
Benildo G. de los Reyes ◽  
Rosalyn B. Angeles-Shim
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Upland Cotton ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Germination Ability

Abstract Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) is inherently susceptible to low temperature stress especially during the early seedling growth and boll maturation stages. The goal of the study is to identify novel sources of genetic variation that can be used to improve cold tolerance of cotton during seed germination. Genetic diversity analysis of thirty accessions from the core Gossypium Diversity Reference Set (GDRS) and twenty recombinant inbred lines derived from intercrossing cotton mutants with altered fatty acid content profiles established genetic variation in the test germplasm based on simple sequence repeat (SSR) genotyping. The mutants clustered in a single clade, whereas the GDRS accessions were separated into four different clades. Screening for germination ability at 12 °C and 15 °C showed that the fatty acid mutants had a significantly better overall germination compared to the GDRS accessions. Hydropriming improved the germination rate and uniformity of the GDRS accessions at 12 °C and 15 °C but not those of the fatty acid mutants, which recorded a better overall germination at 15 °C even without hydropriming. The tolerance of the FA mutants to cold stress during germination is proposed to be conferred by the higher proportion of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids in the mutants compared to the GDRS accessions. Principal component analysis established phenotypic patterns of variation that is consistent with the observed genotypic variation in the test germplasm. Results of the study indicate the potential of the mutants and select GDRS accessions as donors in breeding for cold germination ability.

Germination of Cenchrus ciliaris, Pennisetum divisum, and Panicum turgidum is seasonally dependent

Botany ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (8) ◽  
pp. 449-458
Author(s):  
Arvind Bhatt ◽  
Willian Batista-Silva ◽  
David J. Gallacher ◽  
Marcelo F. Pompelli
Keyword(s):  
Grass Species ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Lower Mass ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Fodder Production ◽  
Germination Ability ◽  
Light Requirements ◽  
Germination Temperature ◽  
C 30 ◽  
Temperature Interactions

Knowledge of optimal conditions for germination facilitates more efficient practices, such as fodder production and restoration. We assessed seeds of three grass species harvested in winter and summer 2018. Germination ability was assessed under two night/day temperature regimes (15 °C/20 °C, 20 °C/30 °C) and two photoperiod regimes (0, 12 h light per day). Winter-maturing seeds had a slightly lower mass and reduced germination. Temperature and light requirements for optimal germination were dependent on species and harvest-time. Summer-maturing seeds of all three species had higher germination rates regardless of germination temperature. Interactions among treatment temperatures and species were 0.7- to 5.4-times higher than the control, as shown by heatmaps. Therefore, attention to these factors will improve the efficiency of seedling establishment for rehabilitation work.

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