Germination of Cenchrus ciliaris, Pennisetum divisum, and Panicum turgidum is seasonally dependent

Botany ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (8) ◽  
pp. 449-458
Author(s):  
Arvind Bhatt ◽  
Willian Batista-Silva ◽  
David J. Gallacher ◽  
Marcelo F. Pompelli
Keyword(s):  
Grass Species ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Lower Mass ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Fodder Production ◽  
Germination Ability ◽  
Light Requirements ◽  
Germination Temperature ◽  
C 30 ◽  
Temperature Interactions

Knowledge of optimal conditions for germination facilitates more efficient practices, such as fodder production and restoration. We assessed seeds of three grass species harvested in winter and summer 2018. Germination ability was assessed under two night/day temperature regimes (15 °C/20 °C, 20 °C/30 °C) and two photoperiod regimes (0, 12 h light per day). Winter-maturing seeds had a slightly lower mass and reduced germination. Temperature and light requirements for optimal germination were dependent on species and harvest-time. Summer-maturing seeds of all three species had higher germination rates regardless of germination temperature. Interactions among treatment temperatures and species were 0.7- to 5.4-times higher than the control, as shown by heatmaps. Therefore, attention to these factors will improve the efficiency of seedling establishment for rehabilitation work.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Suitability of Grass Species for Dry Conditions (Water Stress)

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 953-960 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo António Jerónimo ◽  
František Hrabě ◽  
Pavel Knot ◽  
Michal Kvasnovský
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Festuca Pratensis ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Fodder Production ◽  
Moisture Regimes ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Number Of Stems

Based on three-year results of a field experiment evaluating aboveground biomass production and the number of stems of above-ground shoots of grass species (Lolium perenne, Dactylis glomerata, Festuca pratensis) grown in a 200×200 mm layout in two water regime variants (normal and reduced – 50% of precipitation) and further in two variants of mowing intensity (meadow – 3 mowings, grazing – 5 mowings per year), the following has been ascertained. The most productive species on averages of the two moisture regimes is Dactylis glomerata, Lolium perenne and Festuca pratensis have fodder weight significantly lower by 20.8% and 22.6% (meadow var.) and 16.9% and 21.9% (grazing var.). Reduction of moisture significantly decreased the above ground biomass weight in case of meadow exploitation in Dactylis glomerata −41.2%, in Lolium perenne by −9.9% and in Festuca pratensis −33.5%. In case of grazing exploitation, the influence of “drought” on production was less pronounced. Dactylis glomerata provided the same output, in Lolium perenne there was a decrease of −15.7% and in Festuca pratensis −11.9%. Reduction of precipitation significantly decreased shoot formation particularly in case of meadow utilization in Lolium perenne −23.7%, Dactylis glomerata −34.7% and Festuca pratensis −20.5%. In case of grazing utilization, reduction in the number of pseudostems due to “drought” was lower – in the order of the above species – 27.1% – 4.6% – 9.6%. Generally, compared with meadow utilization, grazing utilization decreases fodder production in both moisture regimes and increases the number of above-ground shoots.

scholarly journals Effect of Different Temperature Regimes on the Germination of Pseudolysimachion pusanensis (Y. N. Lee) Y. N. Lee Seeds

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 577
Author(s):  
Mi-Hyun Lee ◽  
Jin-Hyun Lim ◽  
Cho-Hee Park ◽  
Jun-Hyeok Kim ◽  
Chae-Sun Na
Keyword(s):  
Native Plants ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Storage Management ◽  
Base Temperature ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Mean Germination Time ◽  
The Mean ◽  
C 30 ◽  
Gradient Plate

In this study, we determined the germination response in the seeds of the rare plant Pseudolysimachion pusanensis (Y. N. Lee) Y. N. Lee to different temperatures. P. pusanensis seeds were collected from the Baekdudaegan National Arboretum, South Korea, in November 2019, and dried. Dry seeds were placed at constant and alternating temperatures (5 °C, 10 °C, 15 °C, 20 °C, 25 °C, 30 °C, and 35 °C) to determine their germination percentage (GP). The seeds were exposed to 59 temperature combinations ranging from 5 °C to 43 °C using a thermal gradient plate. The photoperiod was set at 12:12 h (light:dark) and germination assays were performed five times a week. Subsequently, the seed GP and the number of days required to reach 50% of the germination (T50) were determined. The highest final GP was 94.38%, with a T50 value of 9.26 d at 15 °C. However, the mean germination time was 12.5 d at 15 °C, and linear regression using 1/T50 revealed that the base temperature ranged from 2.69 °C to 4.68 °C. These results for P. pusanensis seeds stored in a seed bank provide useful data for the native plants horticulture industry and can also be utilized for storage management.

Effects of temperature on development and progression in rape of crown canker caused by Leptosphaeria maculans

1975 ◽  
Vol 15 (76) ◽  
pp. 705 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Barbetti
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Temperature Regime ◽  
Leptosphaeria Maculans ◽  
Stem Infection ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Germination Temperature ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Canker Development ◽  
Rape Seedlings

Aspects of the development and progression of blackleg crown canker in rape seedlings (Brassica napus and B. campestris), following stem infection by L. maculans ascospores were examined at three temperature regimes; 12/7�C, 18/11�C, and 24/15�C. Crown cankers were produced at all temperatures on seedlings inoculated one week after germination. Temperature regime was shown to be a major factor determining the time of first appearance of crown cankers after inoculation; 12/7�C being the least favourable for crown canker development of the three regimes used. Temperature regime had a significant effect upon the time taken for infected plants to die, the 12/7�C regime being the optimum for slowest plant death, Infected B. napus plants died at a faster rate than B. campestris. Temperature regime was also shown to influence the nature, or type, of crown canker that developed.

scholarly journals Enhancement of Seed Germination in Common Carpetgrass and Centipedegrass Seed

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 769-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward W. Bush ◽  
Paul Wilson ◽  
Dennis P. Shepard ◽  
Gloria McClure
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Germination Temperature ◽  
Eremochloa Ophiuroides ◽  
Mean Time

Priming or presoaking seed of common carpetgrass (Axonopus affinis Chase) and centipedegrass [Eremochloa ophiuroides Munro. (Kunz)] increased germination percentage and decreased mean time of germination (MTG) at 20, 25, and 30 °C. The effect of presoaking and priming was dependent on grass species and temperature. The optimum seed germination temperature for both of these warm-season species was 30 °C. Maximum effect on common carpetgrass or centipedegrass seeds was achieved by priming in 2% KNO3; higher concentrations did not improve germination percentage or MTG, and 4% was in some cases detrimental. Germination was higher and MTG lower at 20 and 30 °C than at 15 °C. Presoaking common carpetgrass and centipedegrass seeds was the most efficient seed enhancement treatment for germination at 30 °C.

scholarly journals Growth Response of 20 Seed Geranium Cultivars to Three Day–Night Temperature Regimes

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 1465-1466
Author(s):  
Mark S. Strefeler
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Internode Length ◽  
Morphological Development ◽  
Plant Genotype ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Effective Height ◽  
Height Control ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Temperature Interactions ◽  
Selection Of

The influence of temperature and genotype on plant height, internode length, and morphological development of 20 cultivars of Pelargonium ×hortorum Bailey were determined by growing plants under one of three day–night temperature regimes (18/18C, 18/24C, and 24/18C). Temperature regime influenced internode length and plant height regardless of plant genotype. Internode length and plant height increased as the day–night temperature differential (DIF) increased from –6 to 6C. Average internode length increased from 5.3 ± 0.2 mm for –6C DIF to 6.3 ± 0.2 mm for +6C DIF. Genotypes differed for average internode length (4.2 to 8.7 mm) and plant height (54 to 95 mm). Node count increased as average daily temperature (ADT) increased. Node counts were 11.2 at 18/18C (ADT = 18), 11.9 at 24/18C (ADT = 20.3), and 12.1 at 18/24C (ADT = 21.8). Genotype × temperature interactions were not significant for the recorded traits. This study demonstrates that DIF is an effective height control strategy, regardless of geranium genotype, and that DIF combined with the selection of genetically short cultivars may eliminate the need for chemical height control in the commercial production of geraniums.

scholarly journals Comportamiento germinativo y potencial forrajero de Setaria magna (Poaceae) Germinative behavior and forage potential of Setaria magna (Poaceae)

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorena del R. Marinoni ◽  
Juan M. Zabala ◽  
Eliana de L. Exner ◽  
José F. Pensiero
Keyword(s):  
Salt Water ◽  
Vegetative State ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
First Year ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Germination Ability ◽  
Cultivated Species ◽  
Productive Traits ◽  
Alternating Temperature

Summary: Germinative behavior and forage potential of Setaria magna (Poaceae). Setaria magna Griseb. is an American species that grows well in damp, swampy environments either in fresh or salt water. It is an annual, grass with vigorous plants in their natural habitat. In this study the germinative behavior as well as the forage potential of this species were evaluated. Caryopses viability and their germination ability at different temperature regimes were analyzed, by means of different scarification treatments and temperatures from diverse environments and harvest times. Morphological and productive traits in genotypes of a population in vegetative and reproductive states were evaluated in field. Results showed that caryopses viability remained the same during the first year after harvest and then decreased. Covered caryopses did not germinate at any of the temperatures tested, which suggests dormancy, whereas in naked caryopses alternating temperature allowed a greater percentage and velocity of germination. Some morphological traits differed significantly among genotypes on the vegetative state, while no differences were found regarding reproductive state. Biomass quality varied between genotypes and states and proved to be similar to that cited for other widely cultivated species of the same cycle. The results obtained suggest the possibility of domestication of this species.Key words: Forage potential, germination, dormancy, productivity, selection, domestication.Resumen: Setaria magna Griseb. es una especie americana que crece en ambientes húmedos y pantanosos de agua dulce o salada. Es una gramínea anual y de ciclo estival, con plantas vigorosas en su ambiente natural. En el presente trabajo se evaluó su comportamiento germinativo y potencial forrajero. Se analizó la viabilidad de las cariopsis y su germinación con diferentes tratamientos de escarificación y temperaturas provenientes de diversos ambientes y años de cosecha. Se caracterizaron morfológica y productivamente a campo, al estado vegetativo y reproductivo. Los resultados mostraron que la viabilidad de las cariopsis se mantiene durante el primer año para luego decrecer. Las cariopsis cubiertas no germinaron a ninguna de las temperaturas ensayadas, sugiriendo la presencia de dormición, mientras que en cariopsis desnudas la alternancia de temperatura permitió aumentar el porcentaje y la tasa de germinación. Algunos caracteres morfológicos difirieron significativamente entre genotipos al estado vegetativo, mientras que ninguna diferencia fue hallada al estado reproductivo. La calidad de la biomasa difirió entre genotipos y estados fenológicos y resultó ser semejante a la citada para especies ampliamente cultivadas de igual ciclo. Los resultados obtenidos sugieren la posibilidad de domesticación de la especie.Palabras clave: Potencial forrajero, germinación, dormición, productividad, selección, domesticación.

Effects of harvest time and nutrient supply on fuel quality of Paludiculture plant species

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Oehmke ◽  
Franziska Eller ◽  
Linjing Ren ◽  
Wenyoung Guo ◽  
Nora Köhn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Fuel Quality ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Herbaceous Biomass ◽  
Nutrient Levels ◽  
Solid Biofuel

<p>Paludiculture („palus" lat. swamp) is the sustainable use of wet and rewetted peatlands which maintains the peatbody for carbon storage. Worldwide, drained peatlands cover only 0.3 percent of the land area but emit almost 5 percent of all anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. Rewetting of drained peatlands is therefore an urgent need  for climate change mitigation. The production of biomass for the use as solid biofuel for combustion, is one promising utilisation option.</p><p>Compared to wood, herbaceous biomass (e.g. grasses and reeds) contains higher concentrations of critical elements (N, S, Cl or K) that leads to higher emissions (SO<sub>x</sub>, NO<sub>x</sub>) or to the destruction of boilers or parts of it (corrosion). Late harvest in winter is often recommended for grass species to improve fuel quality and also storage stability. Nutrients and other elements will be reduced in plant tissues by leaching or translocation processes during plant die-off. Water content that is crucial for storage will also decrease. Combustion quality of herbaceous biomass depends on plant species, site specific parameters and harvest time. There are only a few studies for the suitability of Paludiculture plants for combustion, and little is known about the effects of nutrient supply.</p><p>In our study we focused on fuel quality parameters of <em>Typha latifolia</em>, <em>Typha angustifolia</em>, <em>Arundo donax</em>, and four European clones of <em>Phragmites australis</em> (Denmark, Netherlands, Romania, and Italy) grown in mesocosms on three different nutrient levels (0, 75 and 500 kg N/ha/a). We analysed the total concentrations of C, H, N, O, S, Cl, K, Na, P, Ca, Si and ash content as well as higher heating value in the above ground biomass.</p><p>Winter harvested <em>P. australis</em> (Italy), <em>T. angustifolia</em> as well as <em>T. latifolia</em> could meet the required treasure values for N concentrations at all nutrient levels. S concentrations were only for <em>T. angustifolia</em> and <em>T. latifolia</em> below the treasure values at summer harvest, but for all plant species at winter harvest. Ash contents were very high for all plant species in summer (>6 %) – except for <em>A. donax</em> and <em>P. australis</em> (Netherlands). Effects of nutrient levels on biofuel quality were stronger in summer than in winter.</p><p>A comparison of plant species, harvest time (summer and winter) and nutrient levels will be used to decide for an optimal cultivation type and management strategy for Paludiculture purposes. The main aim is to provide biomass for combustion with high energy yields per hectare combined with the highest possible fuel quality.</p>

Effect of sowing date and harvest time on longevity of rice seeds

1997 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Kameswara Rao ◽  
M. T. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Indica Rice ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
Japonica Rice ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
The Third ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Germination Ability ◽  
The Mean

AbstractChanges in germination ability and longevity were monitored during seed development in three japonica rice cultivars and one indica rice cultivar sown on three different dates, 14 October 1993, 24 November 1993 and 5 January 1994 at Los Baños, Philippines. Germinability of the seeds varied among cultivars in the early stages of development, but it was generally similar across sowing dates. The estimates of potential longevity (determined by storage at 40°C and 15% moisture and quantified by the values of the seed lot constant K1 of the viability equation) differed among cultivars and sowing dates. While the maximum potential longevity attained across different sowing dates was similar in the japonica cultivars Ju ku and Chianan 8, it was significantly higher in the first sowing than in the second or third sowings in cv. Akihikari. In the indica cultivar IR 58, maximum potential longevity attained in the second and third sowings was significantly greater than that in the first sowing. The mean potential longevity, averaged over cultivars and sowing dates, was marginally higher in the first sowing (K1=3.81) than in the second (3.65) and third (3.63); and averaged over cultivars and harvest times it was greatest at 34.8 days after flowering (DAF) in the first sowing, 31.8 DAF in the second and 28.3 DAF in the third. These results suggest that sowing in mid-October to allow seed ripening to coincide with the cooler and drier segment of the Los Baños dry season, and harvesting 35 DAF can improve the potential longevity of some japonica cultivars.

GERMINATION RESPONSE OF FORAGE GRASSES TO CONSTANT AND ALTERNATING TEMPERATURES

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. McELGUNN
Keyword(s):  
Germination Rate ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Reed Canary Grass ◽  
Forage Grasses ◽  
Intermediate Wheatgrass ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Drastic Effect ◽  
Canary Grass ◽  
Alternating Temperature ◽  
Good Stand

Daily germination counts were made on 11 forage grass species germinated at four constant and four alternating regimes for 20 days. The 2C/12h/13C/12h regime had a drastic effect on mean total germination. Altai wild ryegrass (Elymus angustus Trin.), Russian wild ryegrass (E. junceus Fisch.), reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea L.), and bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) reacted strongly to this regime. The alternating temperature regimes generally initiated germination more rapidly than the comparable constant regimes; however, after day 6 the comparable alternating and constant regimes had similar rates of germination. The rates of germination differed between some species with intermediate wheatgrass (Agropyron intermedium (Host.) Beauv.) germinating the most rapidly and Altai wild ryegrass the most slowly. The data indicate that low alternating seedbed temperatures can reduce total germination to an unsatisfactory level for good stand establishment. The low temperature of seedbeds can also delay germination rate so that the earlier plantings do not emerge as soon as later plantings in warmer soil.

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