Rational use of energy potential and reduction of the negative impact on the soil of agricultural tractor propellers using instrumental control of slipping

Snow-ice deposits formed on the outer surfaces of aircrafts on the ground during parking can have a negative impact during take-off due to the deterioration of aerodynamic and flight performance, a significant and even critical decrease in lift, increased drag, blocking controls, difficulty or blocking of landing gear retraction, damage to the blades of inlet guide vanes and/or the blades of an engine compressor. To exclude the influence of snow and ice deposits, anti-icing treatment is performed, including their removal and/or protection from subsequent formation. For this purpose, special anti-icing machines (deicers), equipped with such means of instrumental control as counters of anti-icing fluid pumps, measuring scales of anti-icing fluid tanks, thermometers and pressure gauges for temperature and pressure measuring at the outlet of a spray nozzle, are used. The article deals with the metrological aspects of civil aircrafts anti-icing prior to flight.

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ANALYSIS OF THE MAIN INCONSISTENCIES IN THE FIELD ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND RATIONAL USE OF NATURAL RESOURCES

Journal of the Belarusian State University. Ecology. ◽

10.46646/2521-683x/2021-1-108-113 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (1) ◽

pp. 108-113

Author(s):

Galina S. Dokurno ◽

◽

Elena V. Khotko ◽

Keyword(s):

Natural Resources ◽

Environmental Protection ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Environmental Audit ◽

Environmental Certification ◽

Environmental Auditing ◽

Rational Use ◽

Environmental Audits

Environmental auditing is one of the ways to reduce the negative impact on our environment. The publication describes the procedure for conducting an environmental audit. The authors pay special attention to the analysis of the main resources, analyzed over the long-term practice of environmental audits, by the employees of the department of environmental certification and audit of RUE “Bel NIC” Ecology “.

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SMALL POWER ELECTRIC TRACTOR PERFORMANCE DURING PLOUGHING WORKS

INMATEH Agricultural Engineering ◽

10.35633/inmateh-60-14 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 60 (1) ◽

pp. 123-129

Author(s):

M.G. Matache ◽

M. Cristea ◽

I. Găgeanu ◽

A. Zapciu ◽

E. Tudor ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New Technologies ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Current Trend ◽

Heat Engine ◽

Mechanical Transmission ◽

Electric Motors ◽

Agricultural Work ◽

Engine Wear ◽

Draft Force ◽

Agricultural Tractor

Taking into consideration the current trend to mitigate the agriculture’s negative impact on the environment, this implies using new technologies and equipment for performing agricultural works. Currently, the most used equipment in agriculture is the agricultural tractor with heat engine. One alternative is represented by electric motors, usually powered by batteries. The main advantage for the environment is that zero emissions are released into the atmosphere during agricultural works. Another advantage consists of the nominal torque which could be sustained from almost zero revolutions of the electric motors resulting in lower loads on the batteries with a proper mechanical transmission. Ploughing represents the agricultural work which exploits most of the performances of an agricultural tractor, in terms of fuel consumption and engine wear. Within this paper are presented the tests performed on an electric tractor during ploughing works, at different depths and with different working speeds, in order to assess its autonomy and efficiency with a single battery charge. The electrical parameters of the tractor were recorded during tests, as well as the tractor draft force. The results were used to establish the optimal working regime of the electric tractor during ploughing works.

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Torrefaction of Food Waste as a Potential Biomass Energy Source

Indonesian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.22146/ijc.40871 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 993

Author(s):

Rahsya Nur Udzaifa Abdul Rahman ◽

Mazni Ismail ◽

Ruwaida Abdul Rasid ◽

Noor Ida Amalina Ahamad Nordin

Keyword(s):

Energy Source ◽

Residence Time ◽

Food Waste ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Biomass Energy ◽

Energy Yield ◽

Energy Potential ◽

Ultimate Analysis

Food waste (FW) represents a major component of municipal solid waste (MSW) in Malaysia which causes negative impact due to poor waste management. One of a promising strategy to reduce the FW is to convert the FW to energy sources through thermal pre-treatment process which known as torrefaction. The aim of this study is to investigate the improvement of chemical properties and energy potential of the torrefied FW. The torrefaction of FW was conducted using tubular reactor to evaluate the influence of temperature (220 to 260°C) and residence time (15 to 60 min) on the quality of torrefied FW. The quality of torrefied FW were evaluated using ultimate analysis, proximate analysis, mass yield, energy yield and higher heating value (HHV). From ultimate analysis, the carbon, C was increased, however the hydrogen, H and oxygen, O decreased across the torrefaction temperature and residence time. This lead to the increasing of HHV with the increasing of temperature and time. The HHV of the dried FW was improved from 19.15 to 23.9 MJ/kg after being torrefied at 260°C for 60 min. The HHV indicated that FW has the potential to be utilized as an energy source.

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Thermodynamic Rationale for Using Expander-Compressor Gas Turbine Power Unit

Herald of the Bauman Moscow State Technical University Series Mechanical Engineering ◽

10.18698/0236-3941-2021-1-166-184 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 166-184

Author(s):

A.S. Strebkov ◽

A.V. Osipov ◽

S.V. Zhavrotskiy

Keyword(s):

Natural Gas ◽

Gas Turbine ◽

Power Unit ◽

Thermal Cycle ◽

Turbine Unit ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Excess Pressure ◽

Electricity Production ◽

Gas Turbine Unit ◽

Energy Potential

Natural gas is transported through a network of main gas pipelines under high pressure, and the process of its consumption requires a decrease in pressure of gas laid mainly in throttling devices. It is beneficial to use part of the available energy potential of natural gas for electricity production by means of expander-generator technologies. However, the task of finding ways to increase the capacity and efficiency of gas turbine power units using the energy of excess pressure of natural gas does not lose its relevance. The study poses and solves the problem of developing a new thermal cycle diagram of a combined power unit to substitute throttling pressure regulators at gas distribution stations with an expander-compressor gas turbine unit. A distinctive feature of the unit is the replacement of the gas turbine drive of the air compressor with its drive from the turbo-expander by using the energy of excess pressure of natural gas. This results in significant increase in the absolute thermal efficiency and decrease in the specific fuel and energy costs. We developed analytical dependencies relating the operating parameters of the expander-compressor gas turbine unit and its output characteristics. Thus, it was possible to find an approach to calculating the unit, the approach being based on proven methods for thermal cycle calculation. The results of the performed calculations show that, in comparison with gas turbine units, the expander-compressor gas turbine unit has a significantly lower specific consumption of equivalent fuel and a lower negative impact on the environment

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PROBLEMS OF RATIONAL USE AND PROTECTION OF FORESTRY LANDS

Municipal economy of cities ◽

10.33042/2522-1809-2021-3-163-35-38 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (163) ◽

pp. 35-38

Author(s):

O. Afanasyev ◽

S. Nesterenko ◽

Y. Radzinska ◽

K. Dolia

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Nuclear Power ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Forest Resources ◽

Forest Land ◽

Rational Use ◽

Forest Code ◽

The Right ◽

Forest Lands ◽

And Control

Society's needs in forest resources are due primarily to protective functions, and secondly to water protection, sanitation and health functions. Forests perform this or that function depending on their location, the area of the territory on which the forests are located and the composition. The article considers the problems of rational use and protection of forest lands. It is determined that the negative impact on forest land is due to intensive use and negative dynamics of the ecological state, as a consequence of improper land use and the impressive scale of deforestation. Industrial production, radiation pollution as a result of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant are the causes of deforestation. It is noted that in accordance with the Constitutions of Ukraine, forests are objects of property rights of the Ukrainian people, but due to mass deforestation, citizens are gradually losing the right to use them. It is noted that the protection and protection of forestry lands in general and forests in particular should be provided in accordance with existing legislation through the implementation of a set of measures, both traditional and new. The use of forests should be carried out exclusively in the order of general and special use in accordance with Art. 66, 67 of the Forest Code of Ukraine. It is proposed to strengthen control over compliance with current legislation in the field of protection of forestry lands and forests and control over land use. Reforestation is carried out on the sites of the felled forest. As part of the implementation of the commitments to achieve zero levels of soil degradation, develop an effective action program to preserve the country's forest resources.

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Sustainable solution for alien algae management to reduce the environmental consequences of sea and river transport

Technium: Romanian Journal of Applied Sciences and Technology ◽

10.47577/technium.v2i1.67 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 97-103

Author(s):

C Mateescu ◽

A Dima ◽

D Marin

Keyword(s):

Algal Biomass ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Biogas Production ◽

Arable Land ◽

Algal Species ◽

Ecosystem Functions ◽

The Black Sea ◽

Energy Potential ◽

Environmental Consequences ◽

River Transport

The accelerated development of sea and river transport over the past few decades has led to a negative phenomenon regarding the invasion and development of alien algal species, threating to modify the ecosystem functions. Algae are an attractive feedstock for biofuels production due to many advantages such as rapid growth, chemical composition rich in lipids, carbohydrates and proteins, but also because algae do not require farmland and do not create controversy in using arable land for energy purpose to the detriment of food-intended crops. Indigenous or alien algal biomass has been excessively developed in the Black Sea basin and areas affected by eutrophication, causing environmental problems. This paper presents a sustainable management solution for mitigating the negative impact of alien algae by exploiting their energy potential for producing biogas. An innovative concept of tubular bioreactor for biogas production was developed within INCDIE ICPE-CA and could be successfully applied to harness algal biomass and produce biogas for domestic and industrial use, while simultaneously ensuring sanitation of sea shore and fresh water streams.

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PROSPECTS FOR THE USE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES IN GRASSLAND ANIMAL FARMING

Vestnik Altajskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta ◽

10.53083/1996-4277-2021-203-09-98-108 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 98-108

Author(s):

O.A. Gerasimova ◽

◽

S.V. Solovyev ◽

Ye.A. Tikhonov ◽

T.N. Karaseva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Negative Impact ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Maximum Load ◽

Maximum Energy ◽

Small Rivers ◽

Energy Sources ◽

Unstable State ◽

Energy Potential ◽

Environmental Friendliness ◽

Animal Farming

The formation of a promising technology of cattle man-agement under pasture conditions in the absence of sta-tionary power supply is an urgent task. Livestock facilities are an integral part in providing the population with essen-tial food products. At the same time, it is associated with the need for significant expenditures on providing material and technical resources. This applies primarily to electricity costs, since all the most important means of mechanization are electric driven. In the process of keeping animals, es-pecially under pasture conditions, the unstable state of the fuel and energy complex which consists in supply failures of electric and thermal energy to farms, has a negative impact on production processes. Therefore, the direction of development of grassland animal farming is the transfer of all energy supply technologies to non-traditional and re-newable sources. It is planned to simultaneously use the power of the sun, wind, biopower and power of small rivers, that is, sources that are mainly typical of pastures. The maximum energy load is assigned to biopower. It is known that a bioplant has a unique opportunity within the frame-work of an animal production unit to provide it with a certain necessary set of energy resources as well as high-quality fertilizers. In grassland animal farming, the absolute posi-tive property of wind is its renewability and environmental friendliness; in particular, our country has the highest wind energy potential in the world. Non-traditional energy sources for grassland animal farming conditions are identi-fied and substantiated. The sources are designed for pow-er supply of the entire complex of technological equipment at its maximum load.

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Substandard carbon-containing raw materials and methods of their thermochemical processing

Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals ◽

10.15407/ggcm2021.01-02.089 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1-2 (183-184) ◽

pp. 89-109

Author(s):

Dmytro Bryk ◽

Myroslav Podolskyy ◽

Yury Khokha ◽

Oleksandr Lyubchak ◽

Lesia Kulchytska-Zhyhaylo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Negative Impact ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Environmental Safety ◽

Primary Energy ◽

Environmental Indicators ◽

Thermochemical Conversion ◽

Energy Potential ◽

Capital Costs ◽

The World ◽

Thermochemical Processing

The analysis of the structure of consumption of primary energy resources in the world and in Ukraine are carried out. It is shown that in recent decades the share of coal is stable at 25–30 % and does not show a tendency to decrease. Similar patterns are observed in Ukraine too. It is established that in Ukraine the energy potential of reserves of substandard carbon-containing raw materials is commensurate with the deposits of conditioned coal and can be used to increase the country's energy security. At the same time, the deterioration of environmental indicators in the world and in Ukraine requires an increase in the level of environmental safety in the use of carbon-containing raw materials and appropriate environmental modernization of its thermochemical conversion methods. The paper reviews the methods of thermochemical processing of substandard carbon-containing raw materials (pyrolysis and coking, hydrogenation, gasification) and shows that the gasification process, which allows processing of various substandard fuel resources in terrestrial and underground conditions, is the most promising for environmental safety use. It is shown that developed terrestrial gasification methods are characterized by insufficient productivity of gas generators, significant capital costs for their installation and negative impact on the environment. In addition, terrestrial processing of low-quality coal is not a waste-free technology and does not solve the problem of “secondary” gasification residues recycling. Some of these shortcomings can be eliminated by using the method of underground gasification, in which there is no need to extract coal to the surface, and secondary waste remains underground.

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Preliminary Evaluation of a Rooftop Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System Installation under the Climatic Conditions of Texas (USA)

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14030586 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 586

Author(s):

Fadhil Y. Al-Aboosi ◽

Abdullah F. Al-Aboosi

Keyword(s):

Power Plants ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Photovoltaic System ◽

Performance Ratio ◽

Energy Output ◽

Preliminary Evaluation ◽

Solar Pv ◽

Energy Potential ◽

Pv System ◽

Pv Systems

Solar photovoltaic (PV) systems have demonstrated growing competitiveness as a viable alternative to fossil fuel-based power plants to mitigate the negative impact of fossil energy sources on the environment. Notwithstanding, solar PV technology has not made yet a meaningful contribution in most countries globally. This study aims to encourage the adoption of solar PV systems on rooftop buildings in countries which have a good solar energy potential, and even if they are oil or gas producers, based on the obtained results of a proposed PV system. The performance of a rooftop grid-tied 3360 kWp PV system was analyzed by considering technical, economic, and environmental criteria, solar irradiance intensity, two modes of single-axis tracking, shadow effect, PV cell temperature impact on system efficiency, and Texas A&M University as a case study. The evaluated parameters of the proposed system include energy output, array yield, final yield, array and system losses, capacity factor, performance ratio, return on investment, payback period, Levelized cost of energy, and carbon emission. According to the overall performance results of the proposed PV system, it is found to be a technically, economically, and environmentally feasible solution for electricity generation and would play a significant role in the future energy mix of Texas.

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