scholarly journals Numerical models of hydrodynamics and marine debris in the Malacca Strait

2021 ◽  
Vol 869 (1) ◽  
pp. 012053
Author(s):  
K Ondara ◽  
S Purnawan
Keyword(s):  
World Trade ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Marine Debris ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Debris Particles ◽  
Maximum Current ◽  
Trade Route ◽  
Modelling Application ◽  
Malacca Strait

Abstract The Malacca Strait is a very strategic world trade route and the potential for environmental pollution is also very large, especially pollution from ship and people activities. This study aims to perform numerical simulations to determine the movement of marine debris particles around the waters of Rupat Island, Malacca Strait. The modelling was carried out from June to December 2020 using a modelling application with the basic principles of mesh discretization and the Lagrangian method. The results showed maximum current velocity during the simulation around the distribution area of debris is a maximum of 0.92 m/s. Marine debris around the waters of Rupat Island, the Malacca Strait has the potential to be stranded on the mainland of Rupat Island, mainland Riau, Bengkalis Island and also mainland Malaysia.

scholarly journals ASEAN Contemporary Security: Maritime Diplomacy in Handling of Maritime Security Threats in Malaka Strait

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Laode Muhamad Fathun
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Security Threats ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Trade Route ◽  
Straits Of Malacca ◽  
Sea Area ◽  
Malacca Strait

Abstract This paper will explain the consequences of Indonesia's geopolitical location, namely in the Malacca Strait as an international trade route. The Malacca Strait is a crossing route for foreign ships to distribute goods to various regions. However, the strategic channel not only attracts sympathy from international entrepreneurs but also attracts these criminals and hijackers to obtain economic results from this activity. The Malacca Strait strategically makes pirates and pirates criminalize passing ships. On the other hand, the consequences of state legal matters are maintaining security and safety, and the comfort of crossings in the Malacca Strait. With a number of problems, both defense, governance and management infrastructure that cannot be seen in a fixed manner. In addition, its position borders on three countries, namely Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore. With a qualitative descriptive analysis method, this paper explains the need for bilateral, trilateral and regional multi-level diplomacy approaches to solve problems. And the purpose of this article is that piracy occurred in the Straits of Malacca because of its strategic geopolitical structure and weak Indonesian defense. So, collaboration is needed, coordination through diplomacy and military projections as an effort to safeguard the sea area, sea control and military defense articulation. Thus, the authors hope that this article can add knowledge to the study of international relations, especially in marine studies. Keywords: Geopolitics, Maritime State, Malacca Strait, Piracy, Multilevel Diplomacy   Abstrak Paper ini akan menjelaskan konsekuensi dari lokasi geopolitik Indonesia, yaitu di Selat Malaka sebagai rute perdagangan internasional. Selat Malaka adalah rute penyeberangan bagi kapal-kapal asing untuk mendistribusikan barang ke berbagai daerah. Namun, saluran strategis tidak hanya menarik simpati dari pengusaha internasional tetapi juga menarik para pelaku kejahatan dan pembajak ini untuk mendapatkan hasil ekonomi dari kegiatan ini. Selat Malaka yang strategis membuat perompak dan pembajak mengkriminalkan kapal yang lewat. Sisi lain, konsekuensi dari urusan hukum negara adalah menjaga keamanan dan keselamatan, dan kenyamanan penyeberangan di Selat Malaka. Dengan sejumlah masalah baik pertahanan, tata kelola, infrastruktur manajemen yang tidak bisa dilihat secara secara terpisa. Selain itu  posisinya berbatasan dengan tiga negara yaitu Indonesia, Malaysia dan Singapura. Dengan metode analisis deskriptif kualitatif, makalah ini menjelaskan perlunya pendekatan diplomasi multi-level bilateral, trilateral dan regional untuk menyelesaikan masalah. Dan tujuan dari artikel ini bahwa pembajakan terjadi di Selat Malaka karena struktur geopolitik yang strategis dan pertahanan Indonesia yang lemah. Jadi, diperlukan kolaborasi, koordinasi melalui diplomasi dan proyeksi militer sebagai upaya untuk menjaga wilayah laut, kontrol laut dan artikulasi pertahanan militer. Dengan demikian, penulis berharap bahwa artikel ini dapat menambah pengetahuan untuk studi hubungan internasional khususnya dalam studi kelautan. Kata kunci: Diplomasi Multilevel, Geopolitik, Negara Maritim, Pembajakan, Selat Malaka

scholarly journals Optimalisasi Geostrategi Indonesia di Selat Malaka

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 258-265
Author(s):  
Frisky Amirul Haqiqi
Keyword(s):  
World Trade ◽  
Energy Trading ◽  
Armed Robbery ◽  
Foreign Intervention ◽  
The World ◽  
Malacca Strait ◽  
Strait Of Malacca

The Strait of Malacca is the busiest in the world. It happens because the Malacca Strait is one of the essential keys in energy trading. It started from being the target of pirates and armed robbery to the target of foreign intervention in the Malacca Strait. Feeling that its sovereignty was threatened, Indonesia did several things to maintain the sovereignty of the Malacca Strait as part of Indonesian territory. It was starting from the refusal to cooperate with foreigners to cooperate with the littoral state. This paper will explain the importance of the Malacca Straits in world trade and why Indonesia's sovereignty is threatened due to foreign activities in the Malacca Strait. This paper is based on Indonesia's geostrategy and National Resilience which is part of Indonesia's geostrategy itself.

The Law and Policy of the World Trade Organization

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Van den Bossche ◽  
Werner Zdouc
Keyword(s):  
World Trade Organization ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Law Students ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Law And Policy ◽  
Multilateral Trading System ◽  
The World ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
The Law ◽  
Substantive Law

Since the publication of its first edition, this textbook has been the prime choice of teachers and students alike, due to its clear and detailed explanation of the basic principles of the multilateral trading system and the law of the World Trade Organization (WTO). The fifth edition continues to explore the institutional and substantive law of the WTO. It has been updated to incorporate all new developments in the WTO's ever-growing body of case law. Moreover, each chapter includes a 'Further Readings' section to encourage and facilitate research and discussion on the topics addressed. As in previous editions, each chapter also features a summary to reinforce learning. Questions, assignments, and exercises on WTO law and policy are contained in an online supplement, updated regularly. This textbook is an essential tool for all WTO law students and will also serve as a practitioner's introductory guide to the WTO.

scholarly journals “Trump Tariffs”: To Establish an American-Style Multilateralism Model?

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. p224
Author(s):  
Yikai WU
Keyword(s):  
Fair Trade ◽  
World Trade ◽  
The United States ◽  
Most Favored Nation ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Multilateral Trade ◽  
The World ◽  
Tariff Rates ◽  
Trade War ◽  
Trump Administration

One of the goals of the world trade organization is to ensure free and fair trade around the world. Bound tariff rate and most-favored-nation treatment are two basic principles in WTO law, which should be applied and observed among WTO members. The implementation of “trump tariffs” has resulted in a “trade war between China and other countries”, which undoubtedly constitutes a violation of WTO principles, including violation of bound tariff rates and most-favored-nation treatment. At present, the United States is still one of the major setters of the world’s rules, and its every measure has an impact on the whole world. In addition to opposition from around the world, the trump administration’s move to impose tariffs has been criticized by most local economists and lawyers. To achieve fair and free trade, the trump administration should end the implementation of trump tariffs and fulfill its obligations in global multilateral trade and the WTO.

FROM THE HISTORY OF COMMERCIAL RELATIONS IN THE STATE OF AMIR TEMUR AND THE CHINESE (MIN) EMPIRE

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
Sardor N. Kenzhaev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
World Trade ◽  
The State ◽  
Trade Routes ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Historical Literature ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
Trade Route

This article discusses trade relations with China during the reign of Amir Temur, a blow to the northern trade route bypassing the people of the Chigatay ulus and the wider participation of southern cities in world trade and economic relations between the state of Amir Temur and the Chinese (Minsk) dynasty, relations were carried out in mainly through East Turkestan, the trade routes passing through this region and the characteristics of the roads were analyzed. Also, a comparative analysis of historical literature data highlights the main trade products related to the value of silk, tea, porcelain in the state of Amir Temur's horses in China

scholarly journals Transatlantic Port Issues

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary R. Brooks ◽  
Larissa M. Van der Lugt
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Port Security ◽  
Port Policy ◽  
Commercial Activities ◽  
Transatlantic Trade ◽  
Structure Framework ◽  
Northwest Europe ◽  
Trade Route

This paper examines differences between Northwest Europe and Eastern North America with respect to port commercial activities, port policy, port hinterland access and competition, port governance, and port security. While the volume of traffic on the transatlantic trade route has grown, its share of world trade with Europe has declined slightly. The authors explore the relevant contextual issues the ports on the trade route have experienced in the last decade, and using the Baltazar and Brooks (2001) Environment-Strategy-Structure framework, examine the structure and strategies followed by ports as they seek to deal with the changing environment (context) on all routes, not just the transatlantic.

scholarly journals Belt Sets of the “Redikar Type” in Medieval Cemeteries of the Volga Finns

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-68
Author(s):  
O. V. Zelentsova
Keyword(s):  
Volga Basin ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Early States ◽  
Military Elite ◽  
Trade Route ◽  
The Military

This article describes the belt sets decorated by metal plaques with nodular rims, which we term Redikar sets after the place where they were fi rst found in a hoard. They are believed to mark the Magyar migration to Pannonia. We discuss the question of when and how such and similar belts got to the Volga Finns of the Lower Oka. The mapping of parallels suggests that their principal distribution area is the Kama basin and western Ural, i.e. places formerly inhabited by Ugrians. Stylistically, the decoration of such belts resembles that of Iranian toreutics and of the cast ritual items from the western Ural (Perm) and eastern Ural. Because trade and manufacture centers with jewelers’ workshops associated with silver mines existed in the Kama basin, this might have been the area from where silver belts of the Redikar type were brought to the Volga basin. The chronology of the fi nds is analyzed in detail, and the conclusion is made that they date to the fi rst half of the 10th century. On the Lower Oka, in the western Ural, and in the Kama basin, the Redikar belts are found in burials of the military elite members. Theу were supplied to the Mordvins along the Volga-Kama trade route, spanning territories from the Ural to Scandinavia. Their presence in cemeteries on the Tsna River suggests that Volga Finns were involved in the formation of early states at the turn of the fi rst and second millennia.

scholarly journals SPECIAL ZONE FOR SHIP WASHING IN TRANSBOUNDARY MARINE POLLUTION REDUCTION AT MALAKA STRAIT

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-114
Author(s):  
Verdinand Robertua ◽  
Bryan Libertho Karyoprawiro ◽  
Eunike Meliani Wahyuningtyas
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Marine Pollution ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Strategic Trade ◽  
Ecological Problems ◽  
Trade Route ◽  
Special Zone ◽  
Malacca Strait

The Malacca Strait, which has always been the world's most strategic trade route, has become the most frequently traversed by international ships. The potential for environmental pollution in the Malacca Strait is also enormous, especially pollution from ship waste in the form of liquid waste (water ballasts and hazardous toxic materials, or B3 liquid waste) and garbage from disposal during illegal ship washing. Bintan Island, which located close to the Malacca Strait, is one of the islands affected by foreign ship dumping, which avoids sanctions throughout Indonesia, such as Malaysia and Singapore, which require every incoming vessel to be clean of waste. Regulations made by the Singapore government regarding the inspection of the ships of each ship resulted in the act of washing boats in the Malacca Strait. Cleaning and washing tanks and vessels in inappropriate areas can result in environmental pollution caused by wastewater in the form of water, oil, and plastic waste that is very damaging to the environment. The establishment of an exclusive zone for ships carrying out ship cleaning activities as well as anchored anchor locations can reduce environmental damage in the Malacca Strait. This study uses a qualitative method using an ecological approach to see how ecological problems caused by ships cause cross-border issues that threaten ecosystems in the Malacca Strait, specifically the Bintan Islands conservation area. The data used in the form of qualitative data collected through document studies, interviews, document analysis, focused discussions, and observations made.

scholarly journals Reasoning Criminal – Implikasi Limbah Hasil Operasional Kapal Terhadap Ekosistem Laut di Selat Malaka

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Verdinand Robertua ◽  
Bryan Libertho Karyoprawiro
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
International Treaties ◽  
Port Authorities ◽  
Illegal Activities ◽  
Operational Activities ◽  
Trade Route ◽  
Straits Of Malacca ◽  
Malacca Strait

The Malacca Strait, which has always been the most strategic world trade route. The majority of foreign vessels crossing the Malacca Strait transit at the Port of Singapore. The potential of environmental pollution in the Malacca Strait area is also very large, especially the pollution from vessel waste resulting from the operational activities of vessels in the form of liquid waste and garbage dumped in vain and the washing of vessels illegally. The operational activities of foreign ships in violation of international treaties and Indonesian law often occur in Indonesian coastal areas. Indonesian waters were victims of foreign vessels who carried out illegal activities in order to reduce operational costs and avoid sanctions from the port authorities and the Singapore's sincerity which required that every vessel to be anchored in Singapore's port was clean from waste. Regulations made by the Singapore Government encourage illegal ship laundering and waste disposal in the Straits of Malacca. The supervision of severe penalties against each vessel that crosses and violates the rules, and the establishment of a special zone of vessel cleaning in the Straits of Malacca can reduce environmental damage. This research uses qualitative methods using rational choice and institutional approach in environmental view to see how environmental problems caused by vessel waste occurred and cause cross border problems threatening ecosystem in the Straits of Malacca, especially the Indonesian water area. Data used in the form of qualitative data are collected through document studies, interviews, document analysis, focused discussions, and observations made.  

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