scholarly journals Spatial modelling of tsunami exposure areas at Ujung Genteng coastal, Sukabumi, West Java

2021 ◽  
Vol 884 (1) ◽  
pp. 012041
Author(s):  
Dinda Zannuba Arifah ◽  
S. Supriatna
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Spatial Modelling ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Eurasian Plate ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Hazard Class ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Tectonic Plates ◽  
Tsunami Waves ◽  
Tsunami Disaster

Abstract Indonesia is a country located between three tectonic plates. It is the Eurasian Plate, the Indo-Australian Plate, and the Pacific Plate. The location caused Indonesia to be prone to disasters caused by the movement of plates, one of which was a tsunami. Tsunamis are high waves that hit ports or beaches. Relatively sloping beaches with low beaches can cause larger tsunami waves. This study was carried out on the coastal of Ujung Genteng, Sukabumi. The purpose of this study is to analysis the area of tsunami exposure that occurred on the coast of Ujung Genteng. GIS-based spatial modelling is used to combine different types of data, both spatial and non-spatial data to be processed into tsunami exposure area information. Modelling of the inundation was carried out with mathematical calculations developed by Berryman (2006). By modeling the tsunami with a worst-case scenario of wave height of 20 meters, it was obtained that the tsunami exposed area reached 663.29 Ha. The area belongs to a low hazard class of 2.59 Ha, a medium hazard class of 29.05 Ha, and an area that belongs to a high hazard class of 631.65 Ha. The results of this modeling are expected to be a reference for tsunami disaster mitigation planning in Ujung Genteng.

scholarly journals SPATIOTEMPORAL VISUALIZATION OF TSUNAMI WAVES USING KML ON GOOGLE EARTH

2017 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W7 ◽  
pp. 1291-1299 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Mohammadi ◽  
M. R. Delavar ◽  
M. A. Sharifi ◽  
M. D. Pirooz
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Disaster Management ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Tsunami Waves ◽  
Spatiotemporal Visualization ◽  
Virtual Globes ◽  
The Impact

Disaster risk is a function of hazard and vulnerability. Risk is defined as the expected losses, including lives, personal injuries, property damages, and economic disruptions, due to a particular hazard for a given area and time period. Risk assessment is one of the key elements of a natural disaster management strategy as it allows for better disaster mitigation and preparation. It provides input for informed decision making, and increases risk awareness among decision makers and other stakeholders. Virtual globes such as Google Earth can be used as a visualization tool. Proper spatiotemporal graphical representations of the concerned risk significantly reduces the amount of effort to visualize the impact of the risk and improves the efficiency of the decision-making process to mitigate the impact of the risk. The spatiotemporal visualization of tsunami waves for disaster management process is an attractive topic in geosciences to assist investigation of areas at tsunami risk. In this paper, a method for coupling virtual globes with tsunami wave arrival time models is presented. In this process we have shown 2D+Time of tsunami waves for propagation and inundation of tsunami waves, both coastal line deformation, and the flooded areas. In addition, the worst case scenario of tsunami on Chabahar port derived from tsunami modelling is also presented using KML on google earth.

scholarly journals Collaborative Governance of Coral Reef Management and Rehabilitation in Tsunami Disaster Mitigation Efforts

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Dodi Robby Hari Ismanto ◽  
Rachma Fitriati
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Collaborative Governance ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Reef Management ◽  
Tectonic Plates ◽  
Tsunami Waves ◽  
Tsunami Disaster ◽  
Coral Reef Management ◽  
The Impact

The tsunami is the biggest threat to countries around the world tectonic plates and the ring of fire, including Indonesia. The impact of economic losses and heavy casualties made the tsunami worth watching out. Ecosystem-based tsunami disaster mitigation efforts are deemed necessary, considering that 2/3 of Indonesia consists of the sea. The coral reef is one of the coastal ecosystems that can reduce tsunami waves by up to 50% before it hits coastal areas. However, the current condition of coral reefs is very alarming due to the actions of irresponsible humans. Collaboration between stakeholders is needed to carry out ecosystem-based tsunami disaster mitigation efforts. Collaborative governance becomes an essential issue in efforts to build and improve services in the public sector by involving all relevant stakeholders. The sectoral ego of the stakeholders is no longer relevant to be maintained because each actor has their strengths and weaknesses. Collaboration between actors framed in a collaboration platform by having a principled engagement, shared motivation, and collective capacity will produce better results.

scholarly journals Tsunamis from prospected mass failure on the Marsili submarine volcano flanks and hints for tsunami hazard evaluation

2020 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Gallotti ◽  
F. Zaniboni ◽  
G. Pagnoni ◽  
C. Romagnoli ◽  
F. Gamberi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Models ◽  
Hydrothermal Activity ◽  
Hazard Evaluation ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Tyrrhenian Sea ◽  
Submarine Volcano ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Tsunami Waves ◽  
Mass Failure

AbstractThe Marsili Seamount (Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy) is the largest submarine volcano in the Mediterranean Sea, located in the middle of the Marsili Basin, facing the Calabrian and Sicilian coasts on its eastern side, and the coasts of Sardinia on the opposite side. It has erupted in historical times, and its summit crest is affected by widespread hydrothermal activity. This study looks at mass failures taking place at different depths on the flanks of the volcano and estimates their associated tsunamigenic potential. Mass failure, tsunami generation, and propagation have been simulated by means of numerical models developed by the Tsunami Research Team of the University of Bologna. In all, we consider five cases. Of these, three scenarios, one regarding a very small detachment and two medium-sized ones (between 2 and 3 km3 failure volume), have been suggested as possible failure occurrences in the published literature on a morphological basis and involve the north-eastern and north-western sectors of the volcano. The two additional cases, one medium-sized and one extreme, intended as a possible worst-case scenario (volume 17.6 km3), affecting the eastern flank. Results indicate that small-volume failures are not able to produce significant tsunamis; medium-size failures can produce tsunamis which dangerously affect the coasts if their detachment occurs in shallow water, i.e., involves the volcano crest; and extreme volume failures have the potential to create disastrous tsunamis. In all the simulations, tsunami waves appear to reach the Aeolian Islands in around 10 min and the coasts of Calabria and Sicily in 20 min. This study highlights that there is a potential for dangerous tsunamis generation from collapses of the Marsili volcano and as a consequence a need to intensify research on its status and stability conditions. More broadly, this investigation should also be extended to the other volcanic seamounts of the Tyrrhenian Sea, since their eruptive style, evolution, and tsunamigenic potential are still poorly known.

scholarly journals TSUNAMI RISK ASSESSMENT MODELLING IN CHABAHAR PORT, IRAN

2017 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W7 ◽  
pp. 461-467
Author(s):  
M. R. Delavar ◽  
H. Mohammadi ◽  
M. A. Sharifi ◽  
M. D. Pirooz
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Western India ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Great Loss ◽  
Makran Subduction Zone ◽  
Tsunami Waves ◽  
Historical Tsunami

The well-known historical tsunami in the Makran Subduction Zone (MSZ) region was generated by the earthquake of November 28, 1945 in Makran Coast in the North of Oman Sea. This destructive tsunami killed over 4,000 people in Southern Pakistan and India, caused great loss of life and devastation along the coasts of Western India, Iran and Oman. According to the report of "Remembering the 1945 Makran Tsunami", compiled by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (UNESCO/IOC), the maximum inundation of Chabahar port was 367 m toward the dry land, which had a height of 3.6 meters from the sea level. In addition, the maximum amount of inundation at Pasni (Pakistan) reached to 3 km from the coastline. For the two beaches of Gujarat (India) and Oman the maximum run-up height was 3 m from the sea level. In this paper, we first use Makran 1945 seismic parameters to simulate the tsunami in generation, propagation and inundation phases. The effect of tsunami on Chabahar port is simulated using the ComMIT model which is based on the Method of Splitting Tsunami (MOST). In this process the results are compared with the documented eyewitnesses and some reports from researchers for calibration and validation of the result. Next we have used the model to perform risk assessment for Chabahar port in the south of Iran with the worst case scenario of the tsunami. The simulated results showed that the tsunami waves will reach Chabahar coastline 11 minutes after generation and 9 minutes later, over 9.4 Km<sup>2</sup> of the dry land will be flooded with maximum wave amplitude reaching up to 30 meters.

Dynamic Deployment of Smart Inflatable Tsunami Airbags (TABs) for Tsunami Disaster Mitigation

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Shahinpoor ◽  
H. Asanuma
Keyword(s):  
Tsunami Wave ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Viscous Drag ◽  
Tsunami Waves ◽  
Tsunami Disaster ◽  
Air Bags ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Inflatable Structure

Presented is an initial discussion on dynamic simulation of tsunami air bag deployment in connection with a number of smart inflatable and deployable structures, called tsunami air bags (TAB) that can be rather quickly set up and strongly anchored to the ocean floor to withstand the impact of a tsunami wave and thus protect the buildings and structures on shore. These dedicated inflatable smart structures are designed such that upon tsunami impact they can perform two smart deployment tasks. The first one is for the structure to deploy in the form of a porous structure containing internal folds and pockets and reconfigure due to tsunami impact to perform energy absorption by forcing the tsunami waves to pass through the porous inflatable structure forcing the tsunami waves to lose kinetic energy due to viscous drag and pressurizing the TABs. The second task is related to a special de sign of the inflatable structure that causes it to deploy to either further vertically rise or become a hollow inflatable dam upon the tsunami impact. In these endeavors a wave generation channel was designed and constructed to perform experiments and to simulate tsunami wave impacts on inflatable structures deploying from an underwater location. The initial observation indicates that TABs have a great potential to mitigate tsunami impacts.

scholarly journals Akumulasi Regangan di Sumatera Berdasarkan Data Pengamatan GPS Tahun 2002-2008 dan Dampak Kerusakan Lingkungan Akibat Pelepasan Regangan

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Riko Maiyudi ◽  
Irwan Meilano ◽  
Dina Sarsito
Keyword(s):  
Global Positioning System ◽  
Displacement Vector ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
Eurasian Plate ◽  
Tectonic Plates ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Sumatra Island ◽  
Deformation Patterns

ABSTRAKPulau Sumatera terletak di antara dua lempeng tektonik yaitu lempeng Indo-Australia dan lempeng Eurasia. Intensitas gempa bumi sangat besar di pulau ini, terutama di sepanjang daerah pesisir barat. Pada 2002-2008 periode, banyak gempa bumi besar yang menyebabkan korban jiwa dan kerusakan lingkungan. Fenomena ini menunjukkan bahwa studi tentang pola deformasi pulau Sumatera sangat diperlukan. Studi yang diperlukan adalah untuk rencana mitigasi bencana di masa depan. Pola deformasi gempa dapat diamati dengan GPS pengamatan (Global Positioning System). Data yang digunakan untuk gempa Sumatera adalah GPS Sumatera Array (SuGAr). Perangkat lunak yang digunakan untuk data Array GPS Sumatera dari pulau Sumatera adalah Gamit 10.4. Dari hasil pengolahan data, dapat disimpulkan bahwa data perpindahan koordinat stasiun dapat digunakan jika data outlier telah terhapus. Dari koordinat perpindahan stasiun bisa diperoleh vektor perpindahan semua stasiun sebelum, selama atau setelah gempa bumi. Dari perpindahan nilai-nilai vektor, nilai regangan yang terjadi di sepanjang pulau Sumatera dapat diperkirakan. Dari data regangan, nilai akumulasi regangan 2002-2008 dapat diperoleh. Sehingga dapat dianalisis wilayah yang berpotensi terjadinya gempa selanjutnya.Kata Kunci: Akumulasi Regangan , Deformasi, Kerusakan Lingkungan, ABSTRACTThe Sumatra Island is located between two tectonic plates; the Indo-Australia Plate and the Eurasian plate. The intensity of the earthquakes is very large on the island because of this, especially along the western coastal area. On the 2002 to 2008 period, many large earthquakes that caused casualties and damage to the environment. These phenomena shows that the studies of the deformation patterns of the Sumatra island is required. The studies are required for disaster mitigation plans in the future. The deformation patterns of the earthquake can be observed with GPS (Global Positioning System) observation. The data that is being used for Sumatra earthquake is the Sumatran GPS Array. The software that is used for the Sumatran GPS Array data of the Sumatra Island is the Gamit 10.4. From the data processing, it can be concluded that there are displacements of the nations can be used if the outlier data has been erased. From the station displacement coordinates, we can obtain the displacement vector of all of the station before, during or after the earthquakes. From the displacement vector values, the values of the strain that occurs along the Sumatra Island can be estimated. From the strain data, the accumulated value of strain from 2002 to 2008 can be obtained. Finally it can be predicted potential area for next earthquake.Keywords: Keywords: Deformation, Environmental Damage, Accumulated Strain. 

scholarly journals TSUNAMI MODELLING PROCEDURES TO REFINE COASTAL ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN STRATEGIES AT KUALA MUDA

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jestin Nordin ◽  
Andrew Charleson ◽  
Morten Gjerde
Keyword(s):  
Architectural Design ◽  
Main Tool ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Western Coast ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Tsunami Modelling ◽  
Tsunami Waves ◽  
The Waves

This paper discusses the use of tsunami modelling to refine the strategies to be used in coastal architectural and planning design works in effort to minimize future tsunami impacts on the coastal buildings. The ability to recreate the characteristics of the 2004 Sumatran Tsunami waves and their impacts is the reason to use computer simulation as the main tool of this research project. The Cornell Multi-Grid Coupled Tsunami Model (COMCOT) programme has been chosen to generate a series of tsunami events onto a one-kilometre-square area of Kuala Muda (north-west of Peninsular Malaysia) coastal area. COMCOT is expected to help practitioners and researchers make the best possible designs for this tsunami-threatened near-beach area. It has the capability to simulate the entire lifespan of a tsunami inclusive of the characteristics and the behaviour of the waves once it inundates the design area. It creates an opportunity to better understand and evaluate the performance of proposed designs in order to achieve the most tsunami-resistant design. The 2004 Sumatran Tsunami waves are considered the worst case scenario this area will experience. Therefore, the waves generated act upon proposed settlement patterns and buildings which are iteratively modified to achieve minimum tsunami damage. COMCOT outputs are used to propose coastal architectural design strategies for present and future nearbeach area developments, especially in the north-western coast of Malaysia. The final Tsunami Responsive Architecture (TRA) design is intended to be culturally acceptable, and to be extended with or without modification to suit other coastal areas at risk of tsunami.

Information System for Determining Earthquake and Tsunami Evacuation Paths in Bengkulu City Based on Android

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 5180-5185
Author(s):  
Yulia Darmi ◽  
Busono Soerowirdjo ◽  
Ery Prasetyo Wibowo ◽  
Ernastuti
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
Eurasian Plate ◽  
Tectonic Plates ◽  
Tsunami Disaster ◽  
Indonesian Archipelago ◽  
Australian Plate ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Evacuation Route ◽  
The City

Facility of directions to the evacuation places in the city of Bengkulu is very minimal, so that people are very difficult to find an efficient route to the evacuation places. The problem is how to determine the evacuation route/gathering point. Indonesia is prone to earthquakes because logically, the Indonesian archipelago is at the confluence of three tectonic plates: the Eurasian plate, the Australian plate and the Pacific plate. In the event of an earthquake and tsunami disaster, if disaster preparedness is not prepared, it will cause damage to buildings, offices and can result in fatalities such as the events in Nangro Aceh Darussalam. Therefore, we need a system that can help overcome this disaster management. The system that can be made is the Information System for Determining Earthquake and Tsunami Evacuation Paths in the city of Bengkulu Using Android. By using Android, it will be easier for people to imitate an evacuation route or place during an earthquake and tsunami.

scholarly journals Flood Vulnerability Mapping of Lagos Island and Eti-Osa Local Government Areas Using a Multi-Criteria Decision Making Approach

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-255
Author(s):  
D. N. Olayinka ◽  
H. E. Irivbogbe
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Pairwise Comparison ◽  
Spatial Modelling ◽  
Comparison Method ◽  
Mapping Method ◽  
Vulnerability Mapping ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Flood Vulnerability

This study discusses the assessment and analysis of areas vulnerable to flooding in Eti-Osa and Lagos Island Local Government areas of Lagos state, using Geographic Information System (GIS), LIDAR and spatial modelling techniques. These areas require quality assessment of their level of vulnerability to floods, in order to take adequate measures and develop programs that will help prevent the impacts of flooding. A set of indicators influencing flooding, which are elevation, slope, flow accumulation and land use, were identified and used in the study. A vulnerability scale of (1 – 3) was developed, where 1 represents ‘low’, 2 represents ‘moderate’ and 3 represents ‘high’. The indicators identified were reclassified in the vulnerability scale. The flood vulnerability maps, in three different case scenarios, were created using the weighted overlay of the reclassified indicators identified. The weights used are determined by a Pairwise comparison method (Analytical Hierarchical Approach (AHP). The mapping method was implemented in ArcGIS environment. The vulnerability mapping results show that for a normal case scenario, 27.15% of the area have high vulnerability, 49.79% have moderate vulnerability and 23.06% have low vulnerability. However, for a worst-case scenario, 60.01% have high vulnerability, 37.71% have moderate vulnerability and 2.28% have low vulnerability. Buildings at risk and the extent of areas at risk were determined and relevant recommendations were made.

scholarly journals IDENTIFIKASI JALUR DAN TEMPAT EVAKUASI TSUNAMI BERDASARKAN FEMA P646 PADA OBJEK-OBJEK WISATA PANTAI DI KABUPATEN GUNUNGKIDUL (Studi Kasus: Pantai Nguyahan, Ngobaran dan Ngrenehan)

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-37
Author(s):  
Limpat Wibowo Aji
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Management ◽  
Arrival Time ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Federal Emergency Management Agency ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Tsunami Waves ◽  
Management Agency ◽  
Tsunami Disaster ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Elevation Data

ABSTRAKJumlah pengunjung maksimal objek wisata pantai di Kabupaten Gunungkidul antara Tahun 2014-2017 sejumlah 18.369 jiwa per bulan, sehingga jika terjadi tsunami potensi korban sangat besar, maka untuk meminimalkan korban jiwa saat terjadi tsunami diperlukan suatu kebijakan untuk pengurangan risiko terhadap bencana tersebut dengan strategi penyelamatan yang komprehensif dan upayanya menyediakan Sistem Peringatan Dini Tsunami. Tujuan penelitian adalah menentukan tempat evakuasi tsunami pada objek-objek wisata pantai di Kabupaten Gunungkidul berdasarkan FEMA P646 dan membandingkan dengan hasil penentuan  tempat evakuasi tsunami yang dilakukan oleh BPBD Kabupaten Gunungkidul kesesuaian dengan pedoman FEMA P646. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan teknik analisis deskriptif yaitu menganalisis jalur dan tempat evakuasi (TE) dengan berpedoman dengan FEMA P646 untuk menentukan tempat evakuasi tsunami, ketinggian elevasi merupakan bahan dasar dari analisis yang dilakukan. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan pengumpulan data ketinggian elevasi, waktu tiba tsunami, proyeksi jumlah pengunjung untuk menunjang analisis. Titik evakuasi (TE)/titik aman dibutuhkan dalam proses evakuasi, maka analisis mengenai area evakuasi tersebut perlu dilakukan. Proses analisis dilakukan dengan terlebih dahulu menentukan ketinggian elevasi titik aman. Ketinggian elevasi titik aman dapat berupa titik yang berada di luar jangkauan gelombang tsunami ataupun area yang berada di dalam area genangan tsunami. Hasil penelitian ini adalah nilai ketinggian titik kumpul/titik aman 25 meter dari permukaan laut menjadi dasar untuk menyelamatkan diri, jika dihubungkan dengan kecepatan orang berjalan (kondisi lemah), maka waktu kedatangan/waktu tiba tsunami didapat tidak lebih dari 1 jam, hal ini masih dalam batasan sesuai dengan Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA P-646, 2008), lokasi titik kumpul/titik aman evakuasi tsunami tersebut bisa digunakan penyelamatan pertama korban tsunami dengan mempertimbangkan waktu kedatangan tsunami, sedangkan pada BPBD untuk penampungan korban tsunami menggunakan fasilitas umum walaupun jaraknya jauh dan mengindahkan waktu kedatangan tsunami.Kata kunci: elevasi, evakuasi, identifikasi, pantai, tsunamiABSTRACTThe maximum number of monthly visitors to the tourism coasts in Gunungkidul Regency between 2014 and 2017 is 18.369 people. Those Indian Ocean beaches that are in the southern sides of the Island of Java are prone to tsunami disaster. However, there were no systematic and scientific study to make analysis of the tsunami disaster mitigation to those tourism beaches. Therefore, a series of policies with comprehensive rescue strategies and efforts to minimize the risk of the tsunami disaster is required. The purpose of this study was to determine places of tsunami evacuation for the tourism beaches in Gunungkidul Regency based on P646 of FEMA (Federal Emergency Management Agency) and compare them with the result of the determine places of tsunami evacuation conducted by BPBD (Local Disaster Management Authority) of Gunungkidul Regency, Yogyakarta. This purpose also includes the want of the authors to implement the method of this study to be the policy of tsunami mitigation for similar tourism beaches in the Special Territory of Yogyakarta as well as similar beaches in Indonesia. This study uses quantitative method with descriptive analysis technique that is analyzing the paths and places of tsunami evacuation based on P646 of FEMA. Given location elevation is the basic ingredient of the analysis, and therefore, elevation data, tsunami arrival time, projected number of visitors to support the analysis need to be gathered. The analysis of the evacuation areas is required to determine the evacuation places that are safe points in the evacuation process. An elevation of a safe point elevation can be a point that is beyond the reach of tsunami waves or safe areas within the tsunami pool areas. The results of this study are the height of the gathering point / safe point 25 meters above sea level to be the basis for saving themselves, if connected with the speed of walking (weak condition), then the arrival time / arrival time of the tsunami is not more than 0.5 hours. This is still within limits in accordance with the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA P-646, 2008), the location of the gathering point / tsunami evacuation safe point can be used as the first rescue of tsunami victims by considering the arrival time of the tsunami. On the other hand, BPBD accommodate tsunami victims using public facilities even though they are far away and heed the arrival time of the tsunami.Keywords: elevation, evacuation, identification, beach, tsunami

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